Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
  • C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
  • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
  • C04B20/1018—Coating or impregnating with organic materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D195/00—Coating compositions based on bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N5/00—Roofing materials comprising a fibrous web coated with bitumen or another polymer, e.g. pitch
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
  • E01C11/16—Reinforcements
  • E01C11/165—Reinforcements particularly for bituminous or rubber- or plastic-bound pavings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2395/00—Bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar or pitch
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31815—Of bituminous or tarry residue
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]

Definitions

• This invention relates to a process for producing bitumen-containing products, e.g., laminates, road foundations, road pavements, roofing, pipe coatings, and the like structures reinforced with fibrous materials and particularly to a process for reinforcing materials having a bitumen base with synthetic fibrillary products pretreated to have improved adhesion for the bitumen and the products obtained thereby.
• this invention contemplates a process for producing fiber reinforced bitumen-containing products in which the surface of the fibrous reinforcing material is pretreated with a resin compatible with bitumen that greatly enhances the adhesion between bitumen and fibrous material before the reinforcing material is bonded to a bitumen-containing material.
• this invention is concerned with a process for reinforcing bitumen base materials by treating a fibrillary material containing synthetic linear polycondensation products with a wax-base resin derived from coal such as montan resin, contacting the treated fibrillary material with a heated, fiowable bitumen base material and thereafter uniting the bitumen and said treated fibrillary material by the application of pressure.
• the resin chosen must be compatible with the bitumen and should Patented July 22, 1969 promote its flow into intimate contact with the treated fibrillary material to substantially improve, i.e., increase, the adhesion between the fibrillary material and the bitumen base.
• bitumen includes products which in the English technical literature are officially referred to as asphaltic bitumen or the bitumen as defined on page 549 of The Petroleum Handbook published in 1948 by The Shell Petroleum Company, Limited.
• bitumen includes asphalt-like hydrocarbons such as asphalt, asphaltites, asphaltic pyrobitumens, mineral tars, mineral waxes, e.g., ozokerite and the like, which may be hard and brittle, or semisolid substances.
• asphalt or asphaltic as used herein are to include the meaning set forth on the abovenoted page 549 of The Petroleum Handbook.
• the products obtained by this invention include those structures having one or more layers, coating, covering, sheets and the like bitumen-containing materials which are bonded to a substrate of a bitumen base material in which a fibrillary product or material forms a reinforcement for the layer or for the bitumen base material or for both.
• bitumen base material is meant to encompass those materials having bitumen as a base for other substances including aggregates, fillers, and the like.
• bitumen layer used to produce the reinforced products of this invention may further be mixed with organic materials such as wood flour, cork flour and the like and may also include inorganic fillers having a particle size smaller than about 200 mesh.
• the linear polycondensation products suitable for purposes of this invention include fiber-forming materials such as the polyamides prepared from lactams, e.g., caprolactam, and the polyamides prepared from diamines and dicarboxylic acids, e.g., hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid, the polyesters prepared from terephthalic acid or the ester-forming derivatives thereof, and glycols, e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, and the like.
• fiber-forming materials such as the polyamides prepared from lactams, e.g., caprolactam, and the polyamides prepared from diamines and dicarboxylic acids, e.g., hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid, the polyesters prepared from terephthalic acid or the ester-forming derivatives thereof, and glycols, e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, and the like.
• the fibrillary products found useful as reinforcing materials include continuous twisted or nontwisted multifilament yarns, monofilaments, spun yarns, threads, staple fibers and the like.
• the fibrillary materials may be used in a loose form, e.g., in the form of individual fibers.
• the fibers may be mixed with the bitumen or the asphalt before the mass is formed into a coating or covering layer, e.g., on roads, dykes, tile plates, or the like.
• Threads and fibers may also be used in the form of woven or knitted fabrics or bonded or nonbonded fibrous sheets. Preferably fabrics woven from continuous filament yarns are used.
• the fibrillary material used may entirely consist of synthetic liner polycondensation products or be mixed with fibrillary materials of a different material, e.g., glass, cotton, regenerated cellulose or the like.
• the nature of the product to be reinforced determines the denier of the yarn applied and the density of the yarns in the textile product.
• multifilamerit yarns of synthetic linear polycondensation products having a relatively high denier, e.g., 1000 or higher, and a filament denier of 3 or higher.
• yarns to be used may be composed of individual yarns of a lower denier that are twisted together.
• Examples of these products are woven fabrics which contain four weft threads and four warp threads per centimeter of fabric.
• Woven fabrics have an advantage over knitted fabrics since they can more readily be kept under a tension while being incorporated in the asphalt mass. Owing to this tension the occurrence of cracks in covering, coatings, layers or the like can be prevented with more certainty. The best results are obtained with a woven fabric having a low stretch value.
• bitumen layers used on a large scale for example in roofing it is preferred to employ the more densely woven fabrics.
• a wax-base resin derived from coal such as montan resin is a particularly suitable auxiliary material for increasing the adhesion between the fibrous reinforcing material and the bitumen.
• This resin is contained in montan wax in amounts ranging between 25 percent and 50 percent by Weight and may be separated therefrom by extraction.
• Montan wax is derived from lignite, a low rank coal, by countercurrent extraction.
• Montan resin is generally characterized by a solidifying point between 60 and 80 C. and more often by a solidifying point of about 75 to 76 C.
• the acid value of the resin is generally between 30 and 40, and its saponification number in the range of 55 to 65.
• the montan resin appears to promote the flow of the asphalt on the surface of the reinforcing material.
• the temperature of the asphalt drops to below 75 C. there is substantially no flow at all.
• flow of asphalt promotes the impregnation of the reinforcing material so that a better adhesion is obtained.
• the adhesion of the asphalt to a synthetic linear polycondensation product is particularly improved by the use of montan resin.
• montan resin mixtures which still show the adhesion promoting action of the montan resin may also be used.
• Such mixtures preferably contain the montan resin in an amount of 40 percent by weight or more with other suitable resins which are compatible with bitumen.
• the fibrous reinforcing material should be provided with an amount of montan resin which is at least 35 percent calculated on the weight of the fibrous material.
• One suitable solvent for montan resin is ethyl acetate, in which the resin is soluble at an elevated temperature. After the resin is dissolved in the acetate, the resulting solution is cooled down and may be used at temperatures of from 20 to 40 C. By an appropriate choice of a temperature within this temperature range the desired viscosity of the solution may be obtained.
• the resin solution may be sufliciently fluid
• montan resin-acetate solutions which contain two parts by weight ethyl acetate to one part by weight montan resin.
• the viscosity of the solution also determines the degree to which the fibrous material is provided or charged with montan resin.
• the reinforcing fibers may be charged in various processing stages, i.e., before or after they are formed into woven fabrics, which it will be understood is the form in which it is preferred to carry out the reinforcing process of this invention.
• the ethyl acetate must be removed; this is preferably done in a two-stage process. In the first stage, the treated fibers are dried below 50 C. In the second stage after the removal of the excess ethyl acetate, the fibers are dried at a temperature above 50 C., and then they are cooled to ambient temperatures.
• the ethyl acetate may completely be removed, but it is preferable that the drying process be carried out so that a few percent of ethyl acetate, e.g., 3 to 10 percent by weight, is left in the resin. This prevents brittleness and stops the resin from cracking off the fibrous material.
• this invention is also concerned with the fiber reinforced, bitumen-containing product obtained by the above-described process.
• This product is characterized generally as a bitumen-containing material adhesively bonded to a fibrillary reinforcing material pretreated with a resin such as montain resin that is compatible with bitumen and that substantially increases the adhesion between bitumen and the fibrillary material.
• EXAMPLE I A mineral mixture containing 45.5% by Weight of sand having a fineness modulus of 2.10, 4.5% by weight of a low-grade filler with a fineness of 200 mesh and 50% by weight of gravel with a particle size not greater than 16 mm. (the amounts of each being calculated on the entire mineral mixture), is mixed with a bitumen having a penetration value of 80.5 and a softening point of 46.9 C. in an amount of 4.5% (based on the weight of the mineral mixture). This bitumen base material was used to produce a 30x30 cm. tile weighing 3200 grams in a tile press.
• the tile was pressed at a temperature of 135 i5 C. After pressing the tile was cooled down to about 10 C. Then 2.7 grams of a Belgian asphalt emulsion which contained 49% by weight of bitumen was applied to one side of the tile. After the breaking up of the emulsion, which had been allowed to stand for some time, a piece of woven fabric made of polyethylene terephthalate was clamped on the tile. This fabric showed 4 weft picks and 4 warp ends per cm. in a plain weave.
• the weft and the warp yarns of the fabric each consisted of two 1000 denier draw-twisted yarns with 210 filaments, and the yarns were twisted together to Z turns.
• the yarns had a residual shrinkage of 8 to 9%.
• the fabric Before being placed on the tile, the fabric had been charged with montan resin having a solidifying point of 75 -76 C., an acid number between 30 and 40, and a saponification number between 55 and 65, in an amount of 42% calculated on the weight of the fabric. This amount was applied by passing the fabric through a solution of one part montan resin in two parts ethyl acetate at a temperature of about 35 C. The impregnated fabric was dried in two stages: in the first stage with air at 20 C. and in the second stage it was after-dried at 60 C. The dried fabric was then cooled down to room temperature.
• the fabric placed on one side of the tile was then coated with about 18 grams of an asphalt emulsion of the same composition previously used.
• test tiles having a surface area of 7.07 7.07 cm. were made in the manner outlined above by applying 200 grams of asphalt to each side of a fabric. The fabric was allowed to project 5 cm. from one side of the tile, and 20 cm. from the opposite side.
• the strip of fabric used was 5 cm. wide and both its longitudinal edges were equally far from the edges of the tile.
• the 5 cm. piece of fabric was cut off along the finished tile. Then the tile was placed on its side with the fabric piece projecting upwards and the tile was so heavily loaded that the pulling force to be used in the test could not raise the tile.
• Example II In the same manner as described in Example I additional test tiles were made using a reinforcing fabric consisting of polyamide fibers prepared from polycaprolactam. This fabric showed 4 weft picks and 4 warp ends per centimeter in a plain weave. The weft and the Warp yarns each consisted of two 840-denier yarns with 42 filaments and the yarns were twisted together to 70 Z turns. The stretch of these yarns was 19 to 20%.
• Example I the He. values obtained upon removal of the fabric increased to more than times that obtained by the control, i.e., the fabric Without any resin, and in Example II the He. values increased to more than 35 times the control value.
• EXAMPLE III For the manufacture of a reinforced road surface having an asphalt base, a foundation layer was formed on a sub-layer of mechanically compacted sand. The foundation was rolled to a thickness of 7 cm. In this case, the foundation was made of a mixture of gravel, sand, a lowgrade filler and asphalt bitumen 80/100.
• the mineral mixture in the asphalt was composed as follows:
• the amount of asphalt bitumen was 5.5% by weight of the total mineral mixture.
• an adhesive layer of an anionic 50%-asphalt emulsion was provided over which there was unrolled a fabric of the composition and structure mentioned in Example I, charged with 42% by weight of the montan resin also described in Example I. This fabric was stretched in the longitudinal and in the transverse directions and was pinned down. Another coating of an asphalt emulsion of the above-described composition was sprayed onto the fabric; the upper side being provided with twice as much asphalt emulsion as the underside.
• the amount of asphalt bitumen 80/ was 5.5% by weight of the mineral mixture.
• the binder layer was given an adhesive layer prepared from an asphalt emulsion, to which adhesive layer a second fabric identical with that described above was attached and covered with a 50%-asphalt emulsion.
• top layer consisting of broken stone 5/ 15 and broken stone 2/ 5, sand, a medium-grade filler, and asphalt bitumen 80/100.
• the mineral mixture was composed as follows:
• the asphalt bitumen 80/ 100 was used in an amount of 7.2% by weight, calculated on the mineral mixture.
• the asphalt was worked up at a temperature of 15 C.
• the resulting reinforced road surface shows much improved dimensional stability, thus evidencing the outstanding adhesion obtained between the fabric and the asphalt.
• a process for producing fiber reinforced bitumencontaining products which comprises reinforcing a bitu men-containing material with fibrillary reinforcing material and substantially enhancing the adhesion between the bitumen-containing material and the fibrillary reinforcing material by pretreating the fibrillary material with montan resin extracted from montan wax, said resin having a solidifying point between 60 C. and 80 C., an acid value between 30 and 40 and a saponification number in the range of 55 to 65, said montan resin being compatible with the bitumen and being capable of promoting intimate contact between the bitumen, in a flowable condition, and the treated fibrillary material.
• a fiber reinforced bitumen-containing product comprising a bitumen-containing material adhesively bonded to a fibrillary reinforcing material pretreated with montan resin, extracted from montan wax, said resin having a solidifying point between 60 C. and 80 C., an acid value between 30 and and a saponification number in the range of to 65, said resin being compatible with bitumen and being capable of greatly increasing the adhesion between bitumen and said reinforcing material.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)
• Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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ID=19796031

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (14)

Cited By (20)

Families Citing this family (2)

Citations (6)

• 1966
  • 1966-03-19 NL NL6603637A patent/NL6603637A/xx unknown
• 1967
  • 1967-03-13 BE BE695441D patent/BE695441A/xx unknown
  • 1967-03-14 SU SU1141777A patent/SU380014A3/ru active
  • 1967-03-14 SE SE3495/67A patent/SE311006B/xx unknown
  • 1967-03-15 IL IL27617A patent/IL27617A/xx unknown
  • 1967-03-15 GR GR670133449A patent/GR33449B/el unknown
  • 1967-03-15 CH CH376767A patent/CH470539A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1967-03-15 US US623245A patent/US3457136A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1967-03-15 LU LU53200D patent/LU53200A1/xx unknown
  • 1967-03-16 DK DK138067AA patent/DK121286B/da unknown
  • 1967-03-17 ES ES338165A patent/ES338165A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1967-03-17 GB GB02524/67A patent/GB1184838A/en not_active Expired
  • 1967-03-17 DE DE1720053A patent/DE1720053C3/de not_active Expired
  • 1967-03-20 AT AT267567A patent/AT272182B/de active

Patent Citations (6)

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