US3449167A - Method of making cadmium plates for alkaline batteries and product thereof - Google Patents
Method of making cadmium plates for alkaline batteries and product thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3449167A US3449167A US568383A US3449167DA US3449167A US 3449167 A US3449167 A US 3449167A US 568383 A US568383 A US 568383A US 3449167D A US3449167D A US 3449167DA US 3449167 A US3449167 A US 3449167A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cadmium
- solution
- product
- alkaline batteries
- sulphate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 21
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 11
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenious Acid Chemical compound O1[As]2O[As]1O2 GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960002594 arsenic trioxide Drugs 0.000 description 5
- QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium sulfate Chemical compound [Cd+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000001661 cadmium Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KTTMEOWBIWLMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diarsenic trioxide Chemical compound O1[As](O2)O[As]3O[As]1O[As]2O3 KTTMEOWBIWLMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/26—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/28—Precipitating active material on the carrier
- H01M4/29—Precipitating active material on the carrier by electrochemical methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/26—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of cadmium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
Definitions
- a cadmium plate for an alkaline battery by depositing cadmium onto a grid electrolytically from a plating solution containing cadmium sulphate or some other suitable soluble cadmium salt, and then pressing the plate to the desired thickness.
- the plate should have maximum porosity, it is important that the structure of the deposited cadmium should be granular, and we have found that the deposited cadmium tends to become crystalline (i) if the current densities used in the process exceed 35 milliamps per sq. cm. and (ii) if the temperature of the solution exceeds 30 C.
- the invention resides in a method of forming a cadmium plate, characterized by the addition of arsenic.
- the arsenic is preferably added in the form of arsenous oxide, which preferably is present in proportions of at least 0.5 gram per litre.
- the invention further resides in a cadmium plate whenever formed by a method according to the invention, and in a plating solution for use in performing the method.
- a plating solution was made by dissolving 0.5 gram of arsenious oxide in boiling water, cooling the solution to room temperature, adding 50 grams of cadmium sulphate and then making up the solution to 1 litre with water.
- the solution was placed in a plating bath including an expanded silver mesh as the cathode and a sheet of cadmium as the anode.
- Cadmium was then deposited from the solution onto the cathode electrolytically.
- the process was carried out over a range of current densities from 15 to 150 m.a. per sq. cm., and in each case .a porous granular deposit was obtained. A satisfactory deposit was also obtained at current densities up to 300 milliamps per sq. cm., and the process was found to work satisfactorily with the temperature of the plating solution up to C. and its pH value between 3 and 5.
- the grid is removed from the plating solution, washed in water, pressed to the desired thickness and then dried in a vacuum oven to form the finished plate.
- the adhesion of the cadmium to.-the grid can be improved by depositing the cadmium from a solution of cadmium sulphate, arsenious oxide and either sodium sulphate or ammonium sulphate.
- a solution of cadmium sulphate, arsenious oxide and either sodium sulphate or ammonium sulphate In thecase of the solution containing sodium sulphate, the pH of the solution is preferably maintained in the range 3' to 6, but using the solution containing ammonium sulphate the upper limit can be raised to 7.5.
- Typical plating solutions for this purpose include in addition to water the following constituents in grams per litre:
- the grids are treated to form the plates as in the first example, except that where the solution contains ammonium sulphate, the plate is preferably immersed in 2% sulphuric acid before washing.
- a method as claimed in claim 2 in which arsenious oxide is present in proportions of at least 0.5 gram per liter.
- an aqueous electrolyte for the electrodeposition of cadmium upon a grid to form an electrode for use in an alkaline battery and wherein said electrolyte comprises a soluble cadmium salt
- said improvement consisting in said electrolyte having an amount of arsenic in solution sufiicient to provide a granular cadmium electrodeposit, and the pH of said electrolyte being between 3 and,7.5.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB3371965 | 1965-08-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3449167A true US3449167A (en) | 1969-06-10 |
Family
ID=10356573
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US568383A Expired - Lifetime US3449167A (en) | 1965-08-06 | 1966-07-28 | Method of making cadmium plates for alkaline batteries and product thereof |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3449167A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1596160B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1148306A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3966494A (en) * | 1974-10-21 | 1976-06-29 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Impregnation of electrodes for nickel cadmium batteries |
| WO1981001910A1 (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1981-07-09 | United Technologies Corp | Fusible spacer for plasma display panel |
| US4496879A (en) * | 1980-07-07 | 1985-01-29 | Interstate Electronics Corp. | System for driving AC plasma display panel |
| US4686013A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1987-08-11 | Gates Energy Products, Inc. | Electrode for a rechargeable electrochemical cell and method and apparatus for making same |
| US4735874A (en) * | 1984-05-07 | 1988-04-05 | Varta Batterie Aktiengesellschaft | Process for producing a gas-tight, sealed alkaline battery |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2392502A1 (fr) * | 1977-05-24 | 1978-12-22 | Wonder | Procede et dispositif pour fabriquer des electrodes negatives, notamment en cadmium ou en zinc, pour generateurs electrochimiques et electrodes negatives ainsi obtenues |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1194438A (en) * | 1916-08-15 | Process for separating metals | ||
| US3326721A (en) * | 1963-06-10 | 1967-06-20 | Ian H S Henderson | Nickel cadmium batteries |
-
1965
- 1965-08-06 GB GB33719/66A patent/GB1148306A/en not_active Expired
-
1966
- 1966-07-27 DE DE19661596160 patent/DE1596160B2/de active Pending
- 1966-07-28 US US568383A patent/US3449167A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1194438A (en) * | 1916-08-15 | Process for separating metals | ||
| US3326721A (en) * | 1963-06-10 | 1967-06-20 | Ian H S Henderson | Nickel cadmium batteries |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3966494A (en) * | 1974-10-21 | 1976-06-29 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Impregnation of electrodes for nickel cadmium batteries |
| WO1981001910A1 (en) * | 1979-12-20 | 1981-07-09 | United Technologies Corp | Fusible spacer for plasma display panel |
| US4496879A (en) * | 1980-07-07 | 1985-01-29 | Interstate Electronics Corp. | System for driving AC plasma display panel |
| US4735874A (en) * | 1984-05-07 | 1988-04-05 | Varta Batterie Aktiengesellschaft | Process for producing a gas-tight, sealed alkaline battery |
| US4686013A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1987-08-11 | Gates Energy Products, Inc. | Electrode for a rechargeable electrochemical cell and method and apparatus for making same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1148306A (en) | 1969-04-10 |
| DE1596160A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1970-11-19 |
| DE1596160B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1970-11-19 |
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