US3448186A - Spinning process with contemporaneous stretching of synthetic fibres - Google Patents

Spinning process with contemporaneous stretching of synthetic fibres Download PDF

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Publication number
US3448186A
US3448186A US365546A US3448186DA US3448186A US 3448186 A US3448186 A US 3448186A US 365546 A US365546 A US 365546A US 3448186D A US3448186D A US 3448186DA US 3448186 A US3448186 A US 3448186A
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United States
Prior art keywords
stretching
spinning
yarn
thread
filaments
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Expired - Lifetime
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US365546A
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English (en)
Inventor
Domenico Nicita
Cesano Maderno
Paolo Parmeggiani
Pierluigi Perazzoni
Piero Giacobone
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SNIA Viscosa SpA
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SNIA Viscosa SpA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/084—Heating filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/60—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyamides

Definitions

  • polyamidic fibres are produced from molten polyamide by means of extrusion through spinnerets with small holes. It is also known that in order that the polyamidic fibres should have useful applications in the extile field, they must undergo cold-stretching so as to assume a length up to five times that preceding the stretching.
  • the polyamide produced by the spinning machine is collected on cones, bobbins and the like and is allowed to become conditioned for some hours.
  • the conditioning is a seasoning of the thread which makes it suited for the cold-stretching.
  • the main phenomena that take place during the conditioning are good distribution of the moisture in the interior of the thread and an increase of the specific Weight due to the greater compactness caused by the internal shrinking of the polyamide.
  • the thread is stretched on the stretching machine.
  • Said machine consists of a device for feeding the thread at constant speed by Wheels, rolls or other contrivances, and of a device for collecting the thread having a structure analogous to the feeder but with rolls revolving at higher peripheral speed.
  • the thread becomes elongated between the feeding device and the collecting device with a stretching ratio equal to the ratio between the periph- V eral speed of the collecting device and that of the feeding device.
  • the time of 3 minutes necessary to attain 7% of crystallinity of the polymer spun after the extrusion represents, therefore, the minimum time that should elapse between the extrusion and the stretching; which interval of time renders a process indiustrially non-realizable that involves the simple immediate succession of the usual spinning and of the usual stretching.
  • the present invention makes it possible to carry out the spinning and stretching continuously, efiecting the stretching by conventional methods and, therefore, with obtainment of stretching ratios and high tenacity with good elongations, by proceeding in the following manner.
  • the filaments extruded in the usual way from a spinneret are treated immediately under the spinneret with steam, saturated or not saturated, at temperatures of from to 200 C. but preferably at about 100 C., for a length of time not shorter than 1 second and preferably of from 1 to 3 seconds.
  • the steam can be fed either admixed with air in such proportions that the relative moisture of said moist air is not lower than 85% and preferably is 90%, or by means of a nozzle passed through by the thread having the jet of steam in the direction of the movement of the thread and also in the direction opposed to the movement of the thread.
  • the thread After a zone of treatment with steam the thread passes through a space having preferably the shape of a vertical tube heated externally in such a way as to have an internal temperature of from 20 to 95 C. and preferably of from 60 to 70 C.
  • the duration of the passage of the thread in said space may vary within rather wide limits, from a fraction of seconds to several seconds, but preferably from 1 second to 6 seconds.
  • the thread is then subjected to stretching in one or more steps according to the textile characteristics desired.
  • yarns of nylon 6 (caprolactam polymer of polycapronamide) are obtained with tenacity even of 8.5 to 9.0 gr./ den. and elevated regularity of count with a minimal number of breakages even at a very considerable collecting speed, e.g. of from 400 to 2000 m./min.
  • the spinning speeds are preferably not lower than 200 m./ min. and even more preferably of from 250 to 500 m./min.
  • the device according to the present invention therefore comprises in combination with a usual melt-spinning device at the beginning and a device for collecting the stretched yarn at the end, means for treating the extruded yarn in the vicinity of the spinneret by saturated and nonsaturated steam, and eventually air, a space for accommodating the yarn after its having been subjected to the action of steam, means for heating externally said space and means known per se for carrying out subsequently the stretching of the yarn in one or more steps.
  • the means for feeding steam and eventually air and the means for heating the corresponding space, as well as the dimensions of said space, should correspond to the ranges of temperature and of duration previously specified in defining the process of the present invention.
  • the stretching is carried out by means known per se, that is to say by mechanical means adapted to realize a well-defined and elevated stretching ratio, as with discontinuous conventional processes.
  • 10 indicates a spinneret of a spinning head (not shown in the figure)
  • 11 indicates a chamber in which the thread is treated with saturated and nonsaturated steam and, in the case illustrated, air
  • 12 is the pipe through which the steam arrives and which is provided at its end with a plurality of holes 13
  • 14 is a fan
  • 15 indicates the pipe for delivery of air.
  • 24 and 25 indicate two thread-guides.
  • the steam leaving the pipe 12 through the holes 13 is admixed with the air coming from the fan 14 in a vestibule 16 and, passing through a perforated wall 17, contacts the filaments 18.
  • the filaments run through the space 19 which is preferably tubular and is provided with a jacket 20 for heating by means of fluids. It is self-understood that said tube 19 may be heated by any means whatsoever, such as for instance by means of an electric resistor.
  • the filaments pass through the second thread-guide 25 and are then stretched with the aid of mechanical means known per se, such as for instance in two steps by means of three pairs of skew cylinders 21, 22 and 23 having different peripheral speeds, and are finally wound up on the bobbin 26.
  • Example 1 A polycapronamide yarn of relative viscosity 2.7 was extruded and collected in the usual way without stretching, cooled with cold air at its issuance from the spinneret and subsequently passed into a tube 15 metres long at room temperature, to wind it up on a bobbin without stretching.
  • the yarn so obtained after conditioning for 12 hours at temperatures and relative moisture respectively of 22 C. and 66% U.R., was then stretched by usual devices having pairs of skew rolls, in two stages. -It was collected and its properties were determined.
  • spinning speed is understood in this case the speed of collecting the non-stretched yarn on the bobbin.
  • Such a yarn displays the characteristics as desired for a yarn of that kind.
  • Example 2 The same yarn as obtained in Example 1 was stretched continuously after spinning, namely without collecting the non-stretched layer, but merely passing it over a pair of guide rolls from which it passed to the stretching devices. In this case the spinning speed was the linear speed of the yarn over the guide rolls.
  • Example 4 The operation was carried out under the conditions of It appears that the number of failures is sensible also here Example 4 as regards the treatment of the thread at the and it is not possible to attain normal stretching ratios, time of extrusion.
  • a polymer was spun of nylon 6 having owing to the increase of the number of said failures.
  • the relative viscosity (in sulfuric acid) of 2.6-2.7 in the count tenacity remained'substantially below a good commercial of 100 den. with 28 filaments at a guide speed of 250 tenacity. t metres per minute.
  • the stretching ratio (stretching having I v TABLE 3,
  • Example 4 45 been carried out in the conventional way but successively) The operation was carried out according to the invention, under the following conditions:
  • the thread of nylon 6 extruded in the spinneret is treated with air having 95% relative moisture and at a temperature of C., in a treating chamber ten metres long. After that treatment the yarn passes into a tube fifteen metres long and surrounded by a heating jacket adapted to maintain in said tube a temperature of C The yarn is collected and the results obtained are listed in Table 4. If the spinning speed is taken into account, which here too indicates the speed of the yarn on the guide-rolls, and so the stretching ratios, the stretched yarn is collected with a speed that may be near to 2000 metres/ minute and even exceed this value.
  • the number of failures/kg. of yarn is 0.05 while the instantaneous regularity of count is :11.5%.
  • the yarn obtained shows on analysis an average elongation of 35% and a tenacity of 6 gr./ den.
  • Example 7 TABLE 4 Instantane- OIIS regu- Total Filament Spinning Stretching ratio Elon- No. of lerity eoun coun speed, Tenacity, gation, failures 01 count den. den mJmin I II gin/den. percent per kg. 450 3. 0 400 1:3. 5 1:1. 20 5. 0 2. 5 840 6. 0 250 1:3. 7 1:1. 20 6. 0 1.0 840 6.0 500 1:3.5 1:1. 20 5.9 2. 0 1, 100 15. 0 450 1:3. 8 1:1. 20 6. 8 2. 5 1, 200 20. 0 450 1:3. 8 1:1. 25 7. 0 2. 5
  • the number of failures/kg. of yarn was 0.04 while the instantaneous reguarity of count was 21%.
  • a process for producing continuously filaments of polyamides and polyesters, obtained by melt-spinning comprising the stepsof producing filaments by extrusion from a spinneret, feeding the filaments from the spinneret directly into a medium containing steam at a temperature of from 30 C. to 200 C., forwarding the extruded filaments in said medium in such a way that they are subjected, for at least one second, to treatment by steam at a temperature not exceeding 100 C. in the presence of air, the proportions of steam and air being such that the air has a relative moisture of at least 85%, then passing said filaments into a heated space, having an internal temperature of from C. to 95 C., in which all portions of the filaments remain for at least one second, and immediately subjecting the filaments to a mechanical stretching treatment with a stretching ratio between 1:3.5 and 1:5 after issuance of the filaments from said heated space,
  • a process for the production of yarns of polycapronamide having high tenacity wherein the yarns are subjected, immediately on their extrusion from a spinning head, to a treatment in a medium having a relative mois ture of at least and a temperature of at least 50 C., for from one second to three seconds, then are forwarded continuously in a second heated medium at a temperature of at least 60 C. and kept in said second medium for from one second to six seconds, and thenare immediately subjected to a mechanical stretching treatment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US365546A 1963-04-17 1964-04-13 Spinning process with contemporaneous stretching of synthetic fibres Expired - Lifetime US3448186A (en)

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IT796463 1963-04-17

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US (1) US3448186A (xx)
BE (1) BE646636A (xx)
DE (1) DE1435682B2 (xx)
ES (1) ES298822A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR1421298A (xx)
GB (1) GB1034401A (xx)
NL (2) NL6404217A (xx)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3514460A (en) * 1963-12-17 1970-05-26 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Process of drawing nub-free polyamide yarn
US4539170A (en) * 1983-09-26 1985-09-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for steam-conditioning spin-oriented polyamide filaments
US4631018A (en) * 1984-11-01 1986-12-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Plate, foam and screen filament quenching apparatus

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3511905A (en) * 1967-08-22 1970-05-12 Viscose Suisse Soc Process for the preparation of synthetic polymer filaments
GB1330847A (en) * 1970-08-25 1973-09-19 Ici Ltd Manufacture of bulked yarn
GB1473835A (en) * 1973-08-17 1977-05-18 Mackie & Sons Ltd J Polymeric filaments
US4204828A (en) * 1978-08-01 1980-05-27 Allied Chemical Corporation Quench system for synthetic fibers using fog and flowing air
EP0034880B1 (en) * 1980-02-18 1986-03-05 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Process for forming a continuous filament yarn from a melt spinnable polyethylene terephthalat and novel polyester yarns produced by the process
JPH086203B2 (ja) * 1986-07-03 1996-01-24 東レ株式会社 熱可塑性合成繊維の製造方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2289860A (en) * 1938-08-09 1942-07-14 Du Pont Process and apparatus for the production of artificial fibers and the like
US3039171A (en) * 1960-06-09 1962-06-19 Du Pont Process of drawing filaments
US3048467A (en) * 1957-06-10 1962-08-07 Union Carbide Corp Textile fibers of polyolefins
US3053611A (en) * 1958-01-21 1962-09-11 Inventa Ag Process for spinning of synthetic fibers
US3143784A (en) * 1962-07-05 1964-08-11 Du Pont Process of drawing for bulky yarn

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2289860A (en) * 1938-08-09 1942-07-14 Du Pont Process and apparatus for the production of artificial fibers and the like
US3048467A (en) * 1957-06-10 1962-08-07 Union Carbide Corp Textile fibers of polyolefins
US3053611A (en) * 1958-01-21 1962-09-11 Inventa Ag Process for spinning of synthetic fibers
US3039171A (en) * 1960-06-09 1962-06-19 Du Pont Process of drawing filaments
US3143784A (en) * 1962-07-05 1964-08-11 Du Pont Process of drawing for bulky yarn

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3514460A (en) * 1963-12-17 1970-05-26 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Process of drawing nub-free polyamide yarn
US4539170A (en) * 1983-09-26 1985-09-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for steam-conditioning spin-oriented polyamide filaments
US4631018A (en) * 1984-11-01 1986-12-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Plate, foam and screen filament quenching apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1435682A1 (de) 1969-03-20
BE646636A (xx) 1964-10-16
GB1034401A (en) 1966-06-29
FR1421298A (fr) 1965-12-17
DE1435682B2 (de) 1975-03-06
NL129960C (xx)
NL6404217A (xx) 1964-10-19
ES298822A1 (es) 1964-08-16

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