US3447592A - Cooling apparatus for differentially cooling a continuous casting - Google Patents

Cooling apparatus for differentially cooling a continuous casting Download PDF

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US3447592A
US3447592A US544946A US3447592DA US3447592A US 3447592 A US3447592 A US 3447592A US 544946 A US544946 A US 544946A US 3447592D A US3447592D A US 3447592DA US 3447592 A US3447592 A US 3447592A
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cooling
strip
mold
zones
coolant
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Alfred J Wertli
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
    • B22D11/143—Plants for continuous casting for horizontal casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/045—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for horizontal casting

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  • This invention relates to an apparatus and method for cooling a continuously cast strip. More particularly, this invention relates to an apparatus and method for cooling a continuously cast metal casting to a strip within the mold forming the same.
  • the melt of a metal or an alloy has been passed through molds which have been cooled by cooling devices surrounding the molds in order to solidify the melt into a rod.
  • the cooling devices have generally been constructed in two pieces, one piece extending across the upper side of the mold and the other piece extending across the opposite lower side of the mold. Both pieces of the cooling devices have had cooling medium streams passed through chambers therein in a manner wherein each stream has cooled the entire width of the strip.
  • the strips which have been heretofore cooled have clearly shown parabolic lines in the upper and lower surfaces caused by the solidifying process, particularly when the strips have been advanced intermittently during the casting process.
  • parabolic lines in the upper and lower surfaces caused by the solidifying process, particularly when the strips have been advanced intermittently during the casting process.
  • a heterogeneous structure exists in front of and in the rear of each of these parabolic lines.
  • the distances between the parabolic lines at the edge portions have been much smaller than the distances between the lines at the middle of the strip the structure of the edge portions has been heterogeneous throughout.
  • This heretofore structure is undesirable for subsequent treatments, particularly for cold-forming treatment, since cracks and fissures are likely to appear in the edge portions when the strips are cold-rolled.
  • this invention provides a cooling apparatus in combination with a mold of an apparatus for continuously casting a strip from the melt of a metallic substance which comprises a means surrounding the mold having a plurality of separate coolant passages therein for the passage of separate coolant streams therethrough to differentially cool different zones of the mold.
  • the coolant passages are arranged longitudinally of the mold parallel to the direction of movement of the metal through the mold in respective cooling zones lying side by side for individually and independently cooling the respective zones.
  • the method of the invention comprises the step of passing a plurality of separate coolant streams across at least one part of the mold to differentially cool the cooling zones of the mold whereby the edge cooling zones are subjected to a lesser cooling effect than the middle zones.
  • the several coolant streams are conducted through the respective zones either at rates of flow or at temperatures which are differentially adjusted relative to each other. Further, a different coolant may be used in each zone in order to differentiate the heat absorption by the coolant in the individual zones.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a diagrammatic broken top section of a continuously cast rod; the left-hand portion showing a strip with parabolic lines as heretofore produced and the right-hand portion showing a strip with substantial straight lines as produced by the invention;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic top view of a cooling system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a view taken on line AB of FIG. 2.
  • the surface of a strip as heretofore produced has a plurality of parabolic solidification lines thereon wherein the distance H between the middle portions of the lines is much greater than the distance h between the end portions of the lines which are on the border of the strip surface.
  • Such a casting has a structure which is heterogeneous substantially throughout the width of the strip.
  • the surface of a rod formed according to the invention as hereinafter described has a plurality of substantially straight lines normal to the direction of movement of the casting as indicated by the arrow. These substantially straight lines are much shorter than the parabolic lines produced by the heretofore methods as illustrated in the left-hand side of FIG. 1.
  • the cooling apparatus of the invention includes a top part 1 and a bottom part 2 which are interconnected, for example, by means of bolts whose locations are indicated by dash-dot lines 3.
  • a mold 4 preferably of graphite, is also made of two parts clamped between the top and bottom parts 1, 2 of the cooling apparatus and surrounds a cavity whose cross section corresponds to the cross section of the cast strip 5.
  • the mold 4 has a part projecting from the cooling ape paratus, as shown at the top of FIG. 2 which is pressed against the wall of a furnace, not shown, containing the melt.
  • the liquid metal flows into the cavity of the mold 4 wherein the metal gradually solidifies to form a strip 5 due to the action of the cooling apparatus.
  • the strip 5 is moved either continuously or intermittently in the direction of the arrow 6.
  • the upper part 1 and the lower part 2 of the cooling apparatus are each divided into three zones a, b and c, the zones a and c being placed above and below the edge portions of the strip and the zone b being located above and below the middle of the strip.
  • Each zone comprises a U-shaped cooling chamber 8 extending in the longitudinal direction of the strip, the legs of the U extending from the base of the U in the direction of movement of the strip through the mold.
  • the cooling chambers 8 are provided with apertures 9 at the ends of the legs of the U for admitting coolant to the chamber and releasing the coolant from the chamber as shown by arrows 10.
  • suitable conventional means such as hand operated valves 11 which are disposed in flow lines are provided for adjusting the rate of flow of the coolants through the chambers 8. In this way the cooling efiect throughout the width of the strip can be varied and controlled as desired.
  • the individual cooling streams can be so adjusted that less cooling is efiected in the zones 01 and 0 than in the zone b, for example, by reducing the rate of flow of coolant through the zones a and 0 relative to the rate of flow of coolant through the zone 11-.
  • This causes a more uniform heat release across the width of the strip resulting in a more uniform structure of the strip material.
  • Strips made by the method according to the invention and with the described cooling system do not show parabolic solidification lines but substantially straight lines extending perpendicular to the direction of movement of the strip in the casting apparatus, as shown in the right side of FIG. 1. Further, castings made according to the invention have good metallurgical qualities, particularly for cold-working.
  • the difierent cooling efiects may be obtained in another manner, for example, by differentially adjusting the temperature of the coolant entering the different zones (1, b, c.
  • Coolants having different cooling properties are, for example, water and oil.
  • the central portion of the upper and of the lower part of the cooling apparatus may be divided into two or more zones, each zone being provided with a separate coolant stream.
  • a one-piece cooling apparatus which has a separate upper and lower portion may be used in lieu of the apparatus shown.
  • a separate cooling zone having its own coolant stream may be arranged at the side of each edge of the strip or the cooling zones placed above and below the edges of the strip may be connected to form a common cooling zone.
  • the edge portions of the strip difierently from the cooling of the middle of the strip, solidification of the melt is more uniform and the structure of the casting is more homogeneous thereby resulting in strips of good metallurgical quality.
  • the strips show substantially straight lines normal to the direction of movement of the strips which lines are much shorter than the parabolic lines characterizing strips made in the heretofore known manner.
  • the method according to the invention can be used when making strips the Width of which is six times its thickness thereby considerably broadening strip manufacturing possibilities.
  • the method can be utilized to produce strips the long side of whose rectangular cross section is up to seventy times the short side.
  • a cooling apparatus comprising two parts, each of said parts being disposed on opposite sides of said mold in contact therewith, each of said parts having a plurality of U-shaped cooling chambers disposed longitudinally of said part and parallel to said mold and means connected to each of said cooling chambers for circulating separate flows of coolant through each of said cooling chambers to elfect difierent rates of cooling across said mold.
  • said means includes means for adjusting the rate of flow of coolant through each of said cooling chambers to etfect different rates of flow through said cooling chambers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Description

United States Patent COOLING APPARATUS FOR DIFFERENTIALLY COOLING A CONTINUOUS CASTING Alfred J. Wertli, Poststr 15, EH-8406 Winterthur, Switzerland Filed Apr. 25, 1966, Ser. No. 544,946
Claims priority, application Switzerland, May 3, 1965,
6,275/ 65 Int. Cl. B2211 11/12 US. Cl. 164-283 3 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This invention relates to an apparatus and method for cooling a continuously cast strip. More particularly, this invention relates to an apparatus and method for cooling a continuously cast metal casting to a strip within the mold forming the same.
Heretofore, the melt of a metal or an alloy has been passed through molds which have been cooled by cooling devices surrounding the molds in order to solidify the melt into a rod. The cooling devices have generally been constructed in two pieces, one piece extending across the upper side of the mold and the other piece extending across the opposite lower side of the mold. Both pieces of the cooling devices have had cooling medium streams passed through chambers therein in a manner wherein each stream has cooled the entire width of the strip.
However, the strips which have been heretofore cooled have clearly shown parabolic lines in the upper and lower surfaces caused by the solidifying process, particularly when the strips have been advanced intermittently during the casting process. Upon examining the structure of these strips it has been found that a heterogeneous structure exists in front of and in the rear of each of these parabolic lines. Further, because the distances between the parabolic lines at the edge portions have been much smaller than the distances between the lines at the middle of the strip the structure of the edge portions has been heterogeneous throughout.
This heretofore structure is undesirable for subsequent treatments, particularly for cold-forming treatment, since cracks and fissures are likely to appear in the edge portions when the strips are cold-rolled.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus and method of cooling a continuously cast strip to obtain a homogeneous structure over substantially the entire width of the casting.
It is another object of the invention to provide an apparatus and method for differentially cooling a continuously cast strip.
It is another object for this invention to provide an apparatus and method for cooling a continuously cast strip to obtain solidification lines on the surface of the strip substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the casting.
It is another object of this invention to provide an apparatus and method for cooling a continuously cast strip which can be subjected to cold working substantially without the occurrence of cracks in the edge portions of the casting.
3,447,592 Patented June 3, 1969 ICC Generally, this invention provides a cooling apparatus in combination with a mold of an apparatus for continuously casting a strip from the melt of a metallic substance which comprises a means surrounding the mold having a plurality of separate coolant passages therein for the passage of separate coolant streams therethrough to differentially cool different zones of the mold. The coolant passages are arranged longitudinally of the mold parallel to the direction of movement of the metal through the mold in respective cooling zones lying side by side for individually and independently cooling the respective zones.
The method of the invention comprises the step of passing a plurality of separate coolant streams across at least one part of the mold to differentially cool the cooling zones of the mold whereby the edge cooling zones are subjected to a lesser cooling effect than the middle zones. The several coolant streams are conducted through the respective zones either at rates of flow or at temperatures which are differentially adjusted relative to each other. Further, a different coolant may be used in each zone in order to differentiate the heat absorption by the coolant in the individual zones.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the appended drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a diagrammatic broken top section of a continuously cast rod; the left-hand portion showing a strip with parabolic lines as heretofore produced and the right-hand portion showing a strip with substantial straight lines as produced by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic top view of a cooling system according to the invention; and
FIG. 3 is a view taken on line AB of FIG. 2.
Referring to the left-hand side of FIG. 1, the surface of a strip as heretofore produced has a plurality of parabolic solidification lines thereon wherein the distance H between the middle portions of the lines is much greater than the distance h between the end portions of the lines which are on the border of the strip surface. Such a casting has a structure which is heterogeneous substantially throughout the width of the strip.
Referring to the right-hand side of FIG. 1, the surface of a rod formed according to the invention as hereinafter described has a plurality of substantially straight lines normal to the direction of movement of the casting as indicated by the arrow. These substantially straight lines are much shorter than the parabolic lines produced by the heretofore methods as illustrated in the left-hand side of FIG. 1.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the cooling apparatus of the invention includes a top part 1 and a bottom part 2 which are interconnected, for example, by means of bolts whose locations are indicated by dash-dot lines 3. A mold 4 preferably of graphite, is also made of two parts clamped between the top and bottom parts 1, 2 of the cooling apparatus and surrounds a cavity whose cross section corresponds to the cross section of the cast strip 5. The mold 4 has a part projecting from the cooling ape paratus, as shown at the top of FIG. 2 which is pressed against the wall of a furnace, not shown, containing the melt. When casting, the liquid metal flows into the cavity of the mold 4 wherein the metal gradually solidifies to form a strip 5 due to the action of the cooling apparatus. The strip 5 is moved either continuously or intermittently in the direction of the arrow 6.
The upper part 1 and the lower part 2 of the cooling apparatus are each divided into three zones a, b and c, the zones a and c being placed above and below the edge portions of the strip and the zone b being located above and below the middle of the strip. Each zone comprises a U-shaped cooling chamber 8 extending in the longitudinal direction of the strip, the legs of the U extending from the base of the U in the direction of movement of the strip through the mold. The cooling chambers 8 are provided with apertures 9 at the ends of the legs of the U for admitting coolant to the chamber and releasing the coolant from the chamber as shown by arrows 10. In addition, suitable conventional means such as hand operated valves 11 which are disposed in flow lines are provided for adjusting the rate of flow of the coolants through the chambers 8. In this way the cooling efiect throughout the width of the strip can be varied and controlled as desired.
Whereas the heretofore used methods have not provided division of the cooling efiect, with the method according to the invention the individual cooling streams can be so adjusted that less cooling is efiected in the zones 01 and 0 than in the zone b, for example, by reducing the rate of flow of coolant through the zones a and 0 relative to the rate of flow of coolant through the zone 11-. This causes a more uniform heat release across the width of the strip resulting in a more uniform structure of the strip material. Strips made by the method according to the invention and with the described cooling system do not show parabolic solidification lines but substantially straight lines extending perpendicular to the direction of movement of the strip in the casting apparatus, as shown in the right side of FIG. 1. Further, castings made according to the invention have good metallurgical qualities, particularly for cold-working.
Instead of differentially adjusting the rate of flow of coolant through the individual zones, the difierent cooling efiects may be obtained in another manner, for example, by differentially adjusting the temperature of the coolant entering the different zones (1, b, c.
It is also possible to supply the border zones with a coolant that has cooling properties different from those of the coolant supplied to the middle zones. Coolants having different cooling properties are, for example, water and oil.
Any two of the described three methods of obtaining dilr'erent cooling efiects may be combined or all three described methods may be used at the same time.
When producing strips having a greater ratio of the sides than shown in FIG. 3, the central portion of the upper and of the lower part of the cooling apparatus may be divided into two or more zones, each zone being provided with a separate coolant stream.
Further, without departing from the scope of the invention, a one-piece cooling apparatus which has a separate upper and lower portion may be used in lieu of the apparatus shown. In this case a separate cooling zone having its own coolant stream may be arranged at the side of each edge of the strip or the cooling zones placed above and below the edges of the strip may be connected to form a common cooling zone. It is also possible to replace the joint connecting the upper and the lower part of the cooling apparatus shown in FIG. 3 by a joint which extends at a right angle to the joint shown in FIG. 3 and to arrange cooling zones adjacent to the edges of the metal strip as described.
Instead of providing a single U shaped cavity 8 in each zone, several such cavities may be arranged in each zone.
It has been found that by cooling the edge portions of the strip difierently from the cooling of the middle of the strip, solidification of the melt is more uniform and the structure of the casting is more homogeneous thereby resulting in strips of good metallurgical quality. The strips show substantially straight lines normal to the direction of movement of the strips which lines are much shorter than the parabolic lines characterizing strips made in the heretofore known manner. Further, the method according to the invention can be used when making strips the Width of which is six times its thickness thereby considerably broadening strip manufacturing possibilities. For example, the method can be utilized to produce strips the long side of whose rectangular cross section is up to seventy times the short side.
Having thus described the invention it is not intended that it be so limited as changes may be readily made therein without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the foregoing description and appended drawings be interpreted as illustrative only and not in a limiting sense.
What is claimed is:
1. In combination with a mold of an apparatus for continuously casting a strip from a melt of a metallic substance, a cooling apparatus comprising two parts, each of said parts being disposed on opposite sides of said mold in contact therewith, each of said parts having a plurality of U-shaped cooling chambers disposed longitudinally of said part and parallel to said mold and means connected to each of said cooling chambers for circulating separate flows of coolant through each of said cooling chambers to elfect difierent rates of cooling across said mold.
2. The combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein said means includes means for adjusting the rate of flow of coolant through each of said cooling chambers to etfect different rates of flow through said cooling chambers.
3. In the combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein a plurality of said passages are placed adjacent to a central zone of the mold, and others of said passages are placed adjacent the lateral zones of the mold.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,491,964 4/1924 Moxham 164-348 X 2,195,809 4/ 1940 Betterton et al 164-82 2,428,660 10/1947 Falk et a1 164-348 X 2,515,284 7/1950 Ziegler et al. 164-89 2,946,100 7/ 1960 Baier et al. 164-283 X 2,987,788 6/1961 Lyman 164-348 3,049,769 8/ 1962 Schultz.
3,292,216 12/ 1966- Colombo.
FOREIGN PATENTS 1,071,355 2/ 1953 France. 558,653 3/1957 Italy.
I. SPENCER OVERHOLSER, Primary Examiner.
R. S. ANNEAR, Assistant Examiner,
US544946A 1965-05-03 1966-04-25 Cooling apparatus for differentially cooling a continuous casting Expired - Lifetime US3447592A (en)

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CH627565A CH424102A (en) 1965-05-03 1965-05-03 Method for continuously casting a strip and cooling device for carrying out the method

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Cited By (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3595302A (en) * 1967-05-11 1971-07-27 Schloemann Ag Cooling structure for continuous-casting mold
US3608614A (en) * 1967-03-22 1971-09-28 Concast Ag Support member for casting in continuous casting operation
US3625498A (en) * 1968-11-15 1971-12-07 Wiener Schwachstromwerke Gmbh Cooling apparatus for continuous casting plants
US3630270A (en) * 1968-06-05 1971-12-28 Wiener Schwachstromwerke Gmbh Cooling device for continuous casting apparatus
JPS5037365Y1 (en) * 1974-10-01 1975-10-30
US4535832A (en) * 1981-04-29 1985-08-20 Gus Sevastakis Continuous casting apparatus
US20110308291A1 (en) * 2009-02-09 2011-12-22 Hisamune Tanaka Titanium slab for hot rolling produced by electron-beam melting furnace, process for production thereof, and process for rolling titanium slab for hot rolling
US20110311835A1 (en) * 2009-02-09 2011-12-22 Kazuhiro Takahashi Titanium slab for hot rolling, and method of producing and method of rolling the same
CN102990021A (en) * 2012-12-18 2013-03-27 江苏三环实业股份有限公司 Opposite-rolling lead belt forming machine
CN103056335A (en) * 2012-12-27 2013-04-24 江苏三环实业股份有限公司 Gravity extrusion type lead belt casting machine
CN104827006A (en) * 2015-04-22 2015-08-12 河南科技大学 Horizontal continuous-casting continuous-extruding equipment for large-diameter forging copper pipe and production technology of copper pipe

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US3580328A (en) * 1969-05-12 1971-05-25 Gen Motors Corp Mold for improved control of heat transfer in casting plate or strip products
JPS5032066B2 (en) * 1971-08-28 1975-10-17
DE2728993C2 (en) * 1977-06-28 1984-06-28 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Continuous casting mold
DE2847581A1 (en) * 1978-11-02 1980-05-14 Krupp Gmbh CONTINUOUS CHOCOLATE
WO1988000868A1 (en) * 1986-08-08 1988-02-11 Kurzinski Cass R Apparatus and method for continuously casting steel slabs
US5247988A (en) * 1989-12-19 1993-09-28 Kurzinski Cass R Apparatus and method for continuously casting steel slabs
US5526869A (en) * 1994-09-29 1996-06-18 Gladwin Corporation Mold for continuous casting system
US5771958A (en) * 1995-09-14 1998-06-30 Ag Industries, Inc. Mold for continuous casting system
DE19639295C2 (en) * 1996-09-25 1999-09-09 Schloemann Siemag Ag Continuous casting mold
US5927378A (en) * 1997-03-19 1999-07-27 Ag Industries, Inc. Continuous casting mold and method
US6374903B1 (en) 2000-09-11 2002-04-23 Ag Industries, Inc. System and process for optimizing cooling in continuous casting mold
CN115319043A (en) * 2022-10-18 2022-11-11 凯美龙精密铜板带（河南）有限公司 Horizontal continuous casting slab casting device of CuNiSi alloy

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US2428660A (en) * 1945-03-24 1947-10-07 American Brass Co Water-cooled slab mold
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FR1071355A (en) * 1952-02-22 1954-08-31 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Bar cooling of casting shells
US2946100A (en) * 1956-08-27 1960-07-26 American Smelting Refining Block graphite mold for continuous casting
US2987788A (en) * 1958-03-06 1961-06-13 Gen Electric Crucible assembly for electric arc furnace
US3049769A (en) * 1961-07-14 1962-08-21 United States Steel Corp Adjustable-taper mold for continuous casting
US3292216A (en) * 1963-06-25 1966-12-20 Concast Ag Adjustable mold for continuous casting installation

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US2672665A (en) * 1950-03-13 1954-03-23 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Casting metal
CH389171A (en) * 1961-08-25 1965-03-15 Alusuisse Process and mold for the continuous casting of plates and strips made of non-ferrous metals
DE1265924B (en) * 1965-06-18 1968-04-11 Wieland Werke Ag Continuous casting mold

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US1491964A (en) * 1922-09-26 1924-04-29 Conley Tinfoil Corp Art of casting metal slabs
US2195809A (en) * 1936-06-22 1940-04-02 American Smelting Refining Continuous casting
US2428660A (en) * 1945-03-24 1947-10-07 American Brass Co Water-cooled slab mold
US2515284A (en) * 1947-12-26 1950-07-18 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Differential cooling in casting metals
FR1071355A (en) * 1952-02-22 1954-08-31 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Bar cooling of casting shells
US2946100A (en) * 1956-08-27 1960-07-26 American Smelting Refining Block graphite mold for continuous casting
US2987788A (en) * 1958-03-06 1961-06-13 Gen Electric Crucible assembly for electric arc furnace
US3049769A (en) * 1961-07-14 1962-08-21 United States Steel Corp Adjustable-taper mold for continuous casting
US3292216A (en) * 1963-06-25 1966-12-20 Concast Ag Adjustable mold for continuous casting installation

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3608614A (en) * 1967-03-22 1971-09-28 Concast Ag Support member for casting in continuous casting operation
US3595302A (en) * 1967-05-11 1971-07-27 Schloemann Ag Cooling structure for continuous-casting mold
US3630270A (en) * 1968-06-05 1971-12-28 Wiener Schwachstromwerke Gmbh Cooling device for continuous casting apparatus
US3625498A (en) * 1968-11-15 1971-12-07 Wiener Schwachstromwerke Gmbh Cooling apparatus for continuous casting plants
JPS5037365Y1 (en) * 1974-10-01 1975-10-30
US4535832A (en) * 1981-04-29 1985-08-20 Gus Sevastakis Continuous casting apparatus
US9719154B2 (en) * 2009-02-09 2017-08-01 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Titanium slab for hot rolling, and method of producing and method of rolling the same
US20110308291A1 (en) * 2009-02-09 2011-12-22 Hisamune Tanaka Titanium slab for hot rolling produced by electron-beam melting furnace, process for production thereof, and process for rolling titanium slab for hot rolling
US20110311835A1 (en) * 2009-02-09 2011-12-22 Kazuhiro Takahashi Titanium slab for hot rolling, and method of producing and method of rolling the same
US9962760B2 (en) * 2009-02-09 2018-05-08 Toho Titanium Co., Ltd. Titanium slab for hot rolling produced by electron-beam melting furnace, process for production thereof, and process for rolling titanium slab for hot rolling
CN102990021A (en) * 2012-12-18 2013-03-27 江苏三环实业股份有限公司 Opposite-rolling lead belt forming machine
CN102990021B (en) * 2012-12-18 2016-01-13 江苏三环实业股份有限公司 Relative rolling type. g., lead tape forming machine
CN103056335B (en) * 2012-12-27 2015-12-23 江苏三环实业股份有限公司 Gravity extruded type. g., lead tape casting machine
CN103056335A (en) * 2012-12-27 2013-04-24 江苏三环实业股份有限公司 Gravity extrusion type lead belt casting machine
CN104827006B (en) * 2015-04-22 2017-01-11 河南科技大学 Horizontal continuous-casting continuous-extruding equipment for large-diameter forging copper pipe and production technology of copper pipe
CN104827006A (en) * 2015-04-22 2015-08-12 河南科技大学 Horizontal continuous-casting continuous-extruding equipment for large-diameter forging copper pipe and production technology of copper pipe

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FR1471859A (en) 1967-03-03
DE1284053B (en) 1968-11-28
CH424102A (en) 1966-11-15
AT272548B (en) 1969-07-10
ES326387A1 (en) 1967-03-01
GB1140395A (en) 1969-01-15
US3511305A (en) 1970-05-12

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