US3439394A - Process for making a splittable crimped tow - Google Patents

Process for making a splittable crimped tow Download PDF

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Publication number
US3439394A
US3439394A US382017A US3439394DA US3439394A US 3439394 A US3439394 A US 3439394A US 382017 A US382017 A US 382017A US 3439394D A US3439394D A US 3439394DA US 3439394 A US3439394 A US 3439394A
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Prior art keywords
tow
filaments
bands
splittable
band
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Jack N Gray
George A Watson
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Celanese Corp
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Celanese Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/18—Separating or spreading
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G1/00—Severing continuous filaments or long fibres, e.g. stapling
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/12—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using stuffer boxes

Definitions

  • Man-made fibers which are to be cut into staple fiber length are often supplied as tows which are bundles of generally parallel continuous filaments, each such bundle containing a large number of such filaments, generally well over 500, e.g., 6,000 to 500,000.
  • a number of subtows, each containing only a fraction of the filaments desired in the main tow are first fed side-by-side to a draw frame where they are stretched, in a manner well known to the art (as discussed for example in Man-Made Textile Encyclopedia edited by J. J. Press, pub.
  • the resulting drawn tow is then fed to a crimping device, which is preferably of the stuffing box type, where the filaments are crimped, and then, in untensioned condition, onto a belt which transports the crimped tow continuously through an oven maintained at a temperature sufiiciently high to set the crimp permanently, but not high enough to damage or melt the filaments.
  • a crimping device which is preferably of the stuffing box type, where the filaments are crimped, and then, in untensioned condition, onto a belt which transports the crimped tow continuously through an oven maintained at a temperature sufiiciently high to set the crimp permanently, but not high enough to damage or melt the filaments.
  • the drawframe, crimping device and oven are utilized most efiiciently when the tow passing therethrough contains a very large number of filaments, e.g., tow whose total denier is over 200,000 and which contains over 40,000 filaments.
  • the crimped heat-set tow must be considerably lower in weight or in filament count.
  • certain commercial tow-totop or tow-to-yarn converting machines which are standard equipment in the mills of yarn spinners who purchase tow, are not equipped to handle heavy tows of higher total denier than 200,000.
  • Another object of this invention is the provision of a novel process for the production of splittable tow.
  • Still another object of this invention is the development of a method for making a plurality of relatively light crimped heat-set tows while processing a tow of heavier weight through a drawframe and crimper.
  • a splittable tow is produced by passing to a crimping zone tow parallel tow bands, each made up of continuous parallel untwisted filaments in which the cohesion 'between the filaments within each band is greater than the cohesion between the bands.
  • the tow leaving the crimper has the same general appearance as the tow made by feedmg the crimping zone a single large band, instead of the plurality of smaller bands, and it may be handled in the same manner in the setting oven. Thus it may be laid down, as a single cohesive tow, in a sinuous path backand-forth across a moving belt passing to said oven and may be there treated to set the crimp.
  • the tow may be easily split by hand merely by grasping one side of the tow and pulling it gently while restraining the other side.
  • the splitting takes place without any substantial breaking or tearing of the filaments of the tow, to produce two cohesive smaller crimped tows corresponding to the tow bands fed to the crimping zone; of course, if more than two bands are fed to the crimping zone, the tow will be sp-littable into a corresponding additional number of smaller tows.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view, in elevation, of the process for the production of splittable tow
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view (partly broken away) showing the tow in the draw zone
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic View in elevation, of a modification in which the tow is split before packaging
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view, in elevation, of a modification in which a divider adjacent the crimping zone is employed
  • FIG. 5 is a view, also in elevation, taken at right angles to FIG. 4.
  • reference numeral 1 designates subtows of continuous filaments, each subtow, for example, containing in the range of about 500 to 10,000 filaments and having a total denier in the range of about 750 to 150,000.
  • the subtows which may be supplied as coils in suitable containers, are taken through a guideboard 2, having apertures through each of which a subtow passes, and then in parallel, close1y-spaced paths over and under a set of spaced, fixed, straight, round tensioning bars 3.
  • aqueous finish containing in low concentration (e.g., 1%) a textile finishing agent, such as a lubricant or antistatic agent.
  • the material then passes over a set of driven feed rolls 6 through a drawing zone 7 to a set of draw rolls 8, 8a and 8b, each of which is driven at a peripheral speed substantially greater than the peripheral speed of the feed rolls, so as to stretch the filaments appreciably (e.g., with a draw ratio in the range of about 2.5:1 to 6:1).
  • the peripheral speed of the second draw roll 8a is slightly greater than that of the first draw roll 8, and the peripheral speed of the third draw roll 8b is similarly greater than that of the second; this may be efiected by making the rolls of successively greater diameters and driving them at equal rotational speeds; the peripheral speeds of the feed rolls are similarly increased along the path of the tow. From the last draw roll the tow passes through a dancer roll arrangement 9 and then over a guide 11 to the nip between the inlet rolls 12 of a stuffer crimper 26.
  • the holes in the guideboard 2 are so arranged that the subtows are delivered to the tension bars 3 in two sets (with the subtows in each set being very close together and the two sets being spaced somewhat further apart).
  • the subtows in each set may be spaced 0.5 inch on centers with the outermost filaments of one subtow on the initial tension bar 3a being only 0.1 inch from the outermost filaments of the adjacent subtow of the same set, while the outermost filaments of the adjacent sets are spaced about 1 inch apart.
  • the tow bands which are, for example, about 4 inch apart as they leave the converging device 18 tend to flatten out against the surfaces of the draw rolls 3, 3a and 812 under the influence of the forces, normal to said surfaces and engendered by the tension on the tow, so that the tow leaving the draw rolls and fed to the crimper has the appearance of a single band (although close inspection of the center portion of the band will reveal a line where there is little, if any, crossing over of filaments).
  • the tow entering the stuifer crimper 13 is still moist, having a moisture content in the range of about 20 to 50%, for example.
  • the stuifer crimper 13 may be of conventional type having a pair of feed rolls 12 leading to a rectangular main body 26 whose width is about the same as that of the tow fed to the crimper feed rolls 12 (usually in the range of about 1 to 2 inch, e.g., about 1% inches) and whose depth, perpendicular to said width, is about 1% inches at the top and less at the bottom, the body being tapered downwardly.
  • the outlet of the main body 26 is resiliently closed off by a suitably biased flapper 27, as is well known in the art.
  • the single band of tow leaving the stutfer crimper has numerous crimps in approximate registry across the width of the band; generally it has a fine crimp, for example, in the range of about 4 to 20, e.g., to 16, crirnps per inch superimposed on a coarse crirnps, of much larger amplitude; thus there may be about 2 to 5 coarse crimps per inch.
  • the tow band (still containing about 5 to 15% moisture at this stage) is passed through a distributor 28, which may be of the usual type comprising a pivoted tube, generally of sufficient width to accommodate said band without folding, which is swung back and forth about its pivot 29 by any suitable mechanism to deposit the tow in a sinuous path across the width of a driven endless belt 31 which carries the tow, resting thereon in substantially tensionless condition, through an oven 32 which is desirably maintained at a temperature sufficiently high to set the crimp in the filaments of the tow (e.g., a temperature in the range of about 85 to 180 C.).
  • a distributor 28 may be of the usual type comprising a pivoted tube, generally of sufficient width to accommodate said band without folding, which is swung back and forth about its pivot 29 by any suitable mechanism to deposit the tow in a sinuous path across the width of a driven endless belt 31 which carries the tow, resting thereon in substantially tensionless condition, through an oven 32 which is desirably maintained at
  • the tow leaving the oven 32 may be drawn off the belt 31, cooled to room temperature, and laid into a carton 33 in the usual manner, as by means of a distributor 34 which traverses the tow back and forth and side to side, followed by pressing of the thus formed bale in the carton, e.g., to a density in the range of about 10 to 30 lbs. per cu. ft., e.g., about 20 lbs. per cu. ft.
  • the tow leaving the oven may simultaneously split into two bands, and drawn off the belt 31, as shown in FIG. 3, with each band going to its own carton, where it is baled as described above.
  • the splittable tow of this invention preferably has the same over all appearance as the known nonsplittable tows and may be handled, e.g., coiled, baled, etc., as a unitary tow in the same way that such known tows are handled. It is composed of generally parallel crimped filaments, with such filaments crossing and intermingling on each side of the splittable line. If the tow is not treated to deregister the crimps, (particularly the coarse crirnps, previously mentioned) will be in registry giving the appearance of waves extending for substantial portions of the width of the tow, with most of the waves, or at least a large fraction thereof, extending across the splittable line so that the line is no readily distinguishable.
  • One convenient technique for locating that line is by snapping a segment of the tow, as by holding the tow manually, with the hands spaced apart along its length, bringing the hands close together to allow the segment of tow to hang loosely between them, and then moving the hands, still gripping the tow, sharply apart to place the segment of tow under tension; when this is done, the tow opens up along the splittable line and the resulting split may be readily propagated, without any tearing or snarling of filaments, by simply pulling one half of the tow from the other.
  • the tow leaving the outlet of the stuffer crimper was 1 /2 inches wide and had 12 fine crimps per inch, the amplitude of the fine crirnps being about 0.06 (measured from peak to valley for single yarns) and 3 coarse crirnps per inch.
  • the moisture content of the tow entering the crimper was 30%; on leaving the crimper it was 10%.
  • the resulting splittable tow was baled and compressed in the usual manner to a density of about 20 lbs/cu. ft. On unbaling, after the splittable line was located and the split started by snapping the tow, the tow could be split easily into two identical non-splittable tows.
  • the tow had a tenacity of about 4.5 grams per denier.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show another arrangement within the broad scope of the invention but generally less desirable because it usually involves some tearing of filaments and thus may produce a splittable tow leaving some broken filaments along the splittable line.
  • a single tow band with its filaments intermingled is fed from the draw zone to the crimper feed rolls 12.
  • a divider which may suitably be a bar 36 having a rounded leading surface engaging the middle of the oncoming tow band.
  • the divider need not be large; thus good results have been obtained with a divider 0.05 inch wide (measured in the plane of the tow band perpendicular to the direction of movement of the tow).
  • the resulting two smaller bands formed by the presence of the divider are brought together at, or shortly past, the crimper feed rolls 12 and, as in the preferred arrangement, the tow leaves the crimper as a single crimped band.
  • any intermingling of filaments along the line to be contacted by the divider 36 be limited, since if there is considerable intermingling along this line in the tow approaching the divider there will be considerable breakage of filaments at the divider, and also the force needed to pull the tow past the divider will be high, particularly when the tow is made of filaments of relatively high tenacity (e.g., above 2 grams per denier).
  • more than two bands may be fed to the crimping zone. This may be effected, for example, by the replacement of the converging device 18 by a similar device having additional frusto-conical sections along its length or by the use of additional bars 36.
  • This results in a. crimped splittable tow in which there are more than two non-splittable portions (i.e., more than two bands running lengthwise of the tow in which the filaments are somewhat intermingled).
  • at least one of these non-splittable bands, and preferably all of them have a total denier of at least 50,000 and contain at least 10,000 continuous filaments.
  • the splittable tow may, for example, include several such bands, separated by splittable lines as previously described, with each such band having a total denier of about 25,000 to 1,000,000 and containing about 300 to 200,000 filaments, and made up of about 2 to 40 subtows.
  • tows whose filaments are of polyethylene terephthalate. It will be understood that it is within the broad scope of the invention to carry it out with other tows, such as those made of other polyesters (e.g., the polyesters of terephthalic acid and other glycols such as dimethylol cyclohexane), polyamides (such as nylon 6 or nylon 66), polyacrylonitrile and copolymers thereof, polyolefines such as isotactic polypropylene, etc. These polymers may, if desired, be of the more easily dyeable type containing groups, e.g., SO Na or NH groups, which promote dyeability.
  • polyesters e.g., the polyesters of terephthalic acid and other glycols such as dimethylol cyclohexane
  • polyamides such as nylon 6 or nylon 66
  • polyacrylonitrile and copolymers thereof polyolefines such as isotactic polypropylene, etc.
  • polymers
  • the splittable tows may be split to form two tow bands, each of which may be passed through a separate patterned roll arrangement (shown in Canadian Patent 674,101, for example) and then through spreaders to form lightweight webs suitable for manufacture of battings and other products.
  • a process for making a splittable crimped tow which comprises passing to a crimping zone a plurality of parallel tow bands, each made up of continuous parallel filaments, the cohesion between the filaments within such bands being greater than the cohesion between the bands, and crimping the filaments of said hands together in said zone to produce a unitary tow ribbon having crimps in registry, with ridges and troughs of registered crimps extending across the unitary ribbon from the filaments of one of said bands, to the filaments of an adjacent band.
  • Process for producing on a single set of draw rolls and a single stuffer crimper a crimped drawn tow ribbon which may be readily split into a plurality of tows of lower denier, which comprises feeding a plurality of subtows to a drawing zone, combining a plurality of such subtows into separate bands of intermingled subtows in the drawing zone, feeding said bands side by side into a stuffer crimping zone and crimping said bands together in said stuffer crimping zone to produce a unitary tow ribbon having crimps in registry, with ridges and troughs of registered crimps extending across the unitary ribbon from the filaments of one of said bands to the filaments of an adjacent band.
  • Process as set forth in claim 3 including the step of traversing the said unitary ribbon back and forth onto a supporting element and placing the ribbon so traversed in a setting zone to set the crimp in the filaments of said ribbon.
  • each of said bands is passed], spaced apart, over a deflecting surface disposed at an angle, transverse to said band, so that portions of said band are deflected further from a straight path than other portions thereof and are therefore urged, by said drawing tension, in a direction transverse to said band to effect intermingling of filaments within said band.
  • each band having a total denier of about 25,000 to 1,000,000 and containing about 300 to 200,000 filaments, and in which the crimping introduces about 4 to 20 crimps per inch into said ribbon, said ribbon having a total denier of about 50,000 to 2,000,000 and containing about 600 to 400,000 filaments.
  • Process for producing on a single set of draw rolls and a single stuffer crimper a crimped drawn tow ribbon which may be readily split into a plurality of tows of lower denier, which comprises combining a plurality of such sub tows into separate bands of intermingled sub tows, feeding said separate bands of intermingled sub tows into a drawing zone, feeding said bands side by side into a stuffer crimping zone and crimping said bands together in said stuffer crimping zone to produce a unitary tow ribbon having crimps in registry, with ridges and troughs of registered crimps extending across the unitary ribbon from the filaments of one of the said bands to the filaments of an adjacent band.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
US382017A 1964-07-13 1964-07-13 Process for making a splittable crimped tow Expired - Lifetime US3439394A (en)

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BE (1) BE666808A (enrdf_load_html_response)
CH (1) CH439575A (enrdf_load_html_response)
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3780405A (en) * 1972-05-17 1973-12-25 Teijin Ltd Apparatus for supplying crimped synthetic filament tow to conveyor for heat treatment
US4198735A (en) * 1978-03-29 1980-04-22 Wwg Industries Inc. Method for forming temporary fabrics
US4229404A (en) * 1978-04-28 1980-10-21 Phillips Petroleum Company Method for drawing yarn
US4365395A (en) * 1980-03-28 1982-12-28 Hoechst Fibers Industries, Division Of American Hoechst Corporation Apparatus for handling textile filamentary material
US4912821A (en) * 1988-01-22 1990-04-03 Teijin Limited Method of forming crimps in high tensile modulus filaments
US5758483A (en) * 1993-09-17 1998-06-02 Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation Twisting apparatus
US20060191117A1 (en) * 2003-11-19 2006-08-31 American Linc Corporation System, apparatus, and method of reducing production loss having compressor
CN110042526A (zh) * 2019-05-14 2019-07-23 常州市新创智能科技有限公司 一种机织碳纤维单向布用展纤装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3772070A (en) * 1971-04-05 1973-11-13 Burlington Industries Inc Applying antistatic finish on synthetic textiles

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2811770A (en) * 1953-12-08 1957-11-05 Du Pont Preparation of tow from filaments of acrylonitrile polymers
US2983026A (en) * 1956-07-19 1961-05-09 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method for producing crimped fiber
US3078542A (en) * 1959-07-31 1963-02-26 Midland Ross Corp Continuous filament bulked yarn in tow form
US3099064A (en) * 1961-04-13 1963-07-30 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for making rug yarn
GB962516A (en) * 1961-12-18 1964-07-01 Monsanto Chemicals Methods and apparatus for treating tows
US3144025A (en) * 1960-04-25 1964-08-11 Reeves Bros Inc Tobacco smoke filters
US3145429A (en) * 1962-12-13 1964-08-25 Du Pont Apparatus for combining a plurality of ribbon-like filament bundles into a single sheet of filaments
US3266692A (en) * 1964-04-06 1966-08-16 Monsanto Co Tow stacking assembly
US3380131A (en) * 1964-07-13 1968-04-30 Fiber Industries Inc Method and apparatus deflecting and drawing tow

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2811770A (en) * 1953-12-08 1957-11-05 Du Pont Preparation of tow from filaments of acrylonitrile polymers
US2983026A (en) * 1956-07-19 1961-05-09 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method for producing crimped fiber
US3078542A (en) * 1959-07-31 1963-02-26 Midland Ross Corp Continuous filament bulked yarn in tow form
US3144025A (en) * 1960-04-25 1964-08-11 Reeves Bros Inc Tobacco smoke filters
US3099064A (en) * 1961-04-13 1963-07-30 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for making rug yarn
GB962516A (en) * 1961-12-18 1964-07-01 Monsanto Chemicals Methods and apparatus for treating tows
US3145429A (en) * 1962-12-13 1964-08-25 Du Pont Apparatus for combining a plurality of ribbon-like filament bundles into a single sheet of filaments
US3266692A (en) * 1964-04-06 1966-08-16 Monsanto Co Tow stacking assembly
US3380131A (en) * 1964-07-13 1968-04-30 Fiber Industries Inc Method and apparatus deflecting and drawing tow

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3780405A (en) * 1972-05-17 1973-12-25 Teijin Ltd Apparatus for supplying crimped synthetic filament tow to conveyor for heat treatment
US4198735A (en) * 1978-03-29 1980-04-22 Wwg Industries Inc. Method for forming temporary fabrics
US4229404A (en) * 1978-04-28 1980-10-21 Phillips Petroleum Company Method for drawing yarn
US4365395A (en) * 1980-03-28 1982-12-28 Hoechst Fibers Industries, Division Of American Hoechst Corporation Apparatus for handling textile filamentary material
US4912821A (en) * 1988-01-22 1990-04-03 Teijin Limited Method of forming crimps in high tensile modulus filaments
US5758483A (en) * 1993-09-17 1998-06-02 Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation Twisting apparatus
US20060191117A1 (en) * 2003-11-19 2006-08-31 American Linc Corporation System, apparatus, and method of reducing production loss having compressor
US7228604B2 (en) * 2003-11-19 2007-06-12 American Linc Corporation System, apparatus, and method of reducing production loss having compressor
CN110042526A (zh) * 2019-05-14 2019-07-23 常州市新创智能科技有限公司 一种机织碳纤维单向布用展纤装置

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NL6508977A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1966-01-14
IL23926A (en) 1968-10-24
ES315264A1 (es) 1966-04-01
CH439575A (fr) 1967-07-15
LU49075A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1966-01-13
GB1105127A (en) 1968-03-06
SE320755B (enrdf_load_html_response) 1970-02-16
BE666808A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1966-01-13

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