US3431750A - Gas-expansion refrigerator - Google Patents

Gas-expansion refrigerator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3431750A
US3431750A US592507A US3431750DA US3431750A US 3431750 A US3431750 A US 3431750A US 592507 A US592507 A US 592507A US 3431750D A US3431750D A US 3431750DA US 3431750 A US3431750 A US 3431750A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gas
tube
expansion
tubes
refrigerator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US592507A
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English (en)
Inventor
Marcel Lefranc
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Philips North America LLC
US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
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Publication of US3431750A publication Critical patent/US3431750A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0276—Laboratory or other miniature devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/002—Argon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/42—Modularity, pre-fabrication of modules, assembling and erection, horizontal layout, i.e. plot plan, and vertical arrangement of parts of the cryogenic unit, e.g. of the cold box

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device of the first-mentioned kind, that is to say to a gas-expansion refrigerator and to a counteriiow heat-exchanger mounted in a tube of a high thermal insulation capacity, based on a two-stage cooling effect.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a simple, eiiicacious, fairly cheap and small-size device.
  • the device according to the invention is mainly characterized in that it comprises in one tube of high thermal insulation capacity two elements, each of which comprises a heat exchanger followed 4by an expander to which the gas to be cooled is fed in parallel, whilst said elements are arranged side by side in thermal contact in said tube so that the first element operates as a preliminary cooler for the second element, arranged at the end of the tube. It is found that the eiiciency of the device is considerably higher than that of two elements mounted thermally in parallel.
  • FIG. 1 shows partly in an exploded view the arrangement of the various elements of the tube.
  • FIG. la shows a fragmentary and partial-sectional view of the tube.
  • FIG. 2 shows the form of the tube for the heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 3 shows the system of the connections an-d the ice circulation of the gas in the device according to the invention.
  • the device according to the invention comprises the parallel combination of two cooling elements A and B, mounted in the same double-walled tube or housing 7, the vacuum being maintained in the intermediate space as in the Dewar vessel.
  • This tube is shown only diagrammatically in FIG. 3, since it is not essential for this invention.
  • the diameter of the tube is shown on a greatly enlarged scale, and the walls of the tube dene first and second adjacent interior chambers A' and B.
  • the heat exchanger of each of these elements operating on -a counter-flow is formed by a nickel tube 1 (shown on an enlarged scale in FIG. 2) around which a squa-re-section silver wire 2 is wound, which serves as the ribs.
  • the tube thus obtained is wound itself on a mandril formed by a thermal insulator, for example, of nylon, formed by two consecutive portions 50 (element A) and 51 (element B), interconnected by a ⁇ silver sleeve 52.
  • the gas to be liquied (nitrogen or argon) enters under a high pressure to 200 bars) through an end piece 3, shown in a sectional view in FIG. l and comprising a porous copper filter 4.
  • Two tubes 5 and 6 project from this end piece.
  • the tube 6 is connected withthe expander 8, formed by a chamber communicating with the ambience through an orifice of a few tenths of a mm. in diameter, which may be varied in vaccordance with the desired results.
  • the expander 8 thus produces the pre-cooling effect.
  • liquiiied nitrogen is accumulated in the sleeve 52.
  • the tube 5 of nickel, not provided with ribs, is wound also around the tube 6 and the sleeve 52 and it feeds the second element B.
  • the latter is formed substantially in the same manner as the former and comprises an exchanger with a wound wire 5 to form ribs 5 like the wire 6 of the element A and an expander 14, shown in FIG.
  • the gases mentioned above are not the only gases that may be used; the tube 6 might be fed by nitrogen and the tube 5 by hydrogen for liquifying the latter.
  • the device according to the invention has a great adaptability in use.
  • the expanders 8 and 14 are constructed in the same manner, so that the diameter of the openings of the discs such as 11 can be readily changed according to the gases employed and the desired powers: it is sufcient to remove the socket 12 and to replace the disc by 3 another having the appropriate opening. With the expander 8 this requires to remove the portion of the mandril 50 from the sleeve S2, which can be readily done, since the spring formed by the turns of the wire around this sleeve provides sufficient elasticity.
  • a method of refrigerating a gas comprising the steps:
  • a gas-expansion refrigerator for use with pressurized gas from a source, comprising:
  • thermoly-insulated housing having walls defining first and second separate parts of an interior chamber
  • each tube having an inlet for receiving said gas
  • the first tube having a first expansion valve at its outlet end for discharging expanded gas at a first ternperature to counterfiow in said first passage in precooling heat exchange relationship with both tubes and gas within the tubes
  • the second tube having a second expansion valve at its outlet end for discharging expanded gas at a temperature lower than that at said first valve to counterow in said second passage in further precooling heat exchange relationship with said second tube.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 2 further comprising:
  • the second expansion valve comprises (a) a hollow end piece into which pressurized gas from the second tube is introduced, (b) a closure member having a small aperture therein for sealing the remote end of the end piece, the aperture functioning as the expansion valve, and (c) means for securing the closure member to the end piece.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein at least one of said tubes comprises:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
US592507A 1965-12-02 1966-11-07 Gas-expansion refrigerator Expired - Lifetime US3431750A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR40592A FR1465656A (fr) 1965-12-02 1965-12-02 Refroidisseur à détente de gaz

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3431750A true US3431750A (en) 1969-03-11

Family

ID=8594086

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US592507A Expired - Lifetime US3431750A (en) 1965-12-02 1966-11-07 Gas-expansion refrigerator

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3431750A (xx)
BE (1) BE690641A (xx)
DE (1) DE1501106A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR1465656A (xx)
GB (1) GB1114659A (xx)
NL (1) NL6616749A (xx)
SE (1) SE321248B (xx)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3590597A (en) * 1968-08-06 1971-07-06 Hymatic Eng Co Ltd Cooling apparatus employing the joule-thomson effect
US3714796A (en) * 1970-07-30 1973-02-06 Air Prod & Chem Cryogenic refrigeration system with dual circuit heat exchanger
WO1998017167A2 (en) * 1996-10-07 1998-04-30 Cryogen, Inc. Precooling system for joule-thomson probe
WO1999057494A1 (en) * 1998-05-07 1999-11-11 Cryogen, Inc. Precooling system for joule-thomson probe
US6151901A (en) * 1995-10-12 2000-11-28 Cryogen, Inc. Miniature mixed gas refrigeration system
US6182666B1 (en) 1996-12-26 2001-02-06 Cryogen, Inc. Cryosurgical probe and method for uterine ablation
US6237355B1 (en) 1999-06-25 2001-05-29 Cryogen, Inc. Precooled cryogenic ablation system
US6270494B1 (en) 1996-12-26 2001-08-07 Cryogen, Inc. Stretchable cryoprobe sheath
US6306129B1 (en) 1997-09-22 2001-10-23 Femrx, Inc. Cryosurgical system and method
US20080087030A1 (en) * 2006-10-17 2008-04-17 In Woong Park Water-cooled air conditioner

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4237699A (en) * 1979-05-23 1980-12-09 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Variable flow cryostat with dual orifice
FR2568357B1 (fr) * 1984-07-25 1987-01-30 Air Liquide Procede et sonde de refroidissement par effet joule-thomson
DE3941314A1 (de) * 1989-12-14 1991-06-20 Bodenseewerk Geraetetech Kuehlvorrichtung
DE4135764C1 (xx) * 1991-10-30 1993-02-25 Bodenseewerk Geraetetechnik Gmbh, 7770 Ueberlingen, De

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2991633A (en) * 1958-03-17 1961-07-11 Itt Joule-thomson effect cooling system
US3018643A (en) * 1959-09-15 1962-01-30 Philco Corp Cryogenic refrigerating means
US3055192A (en) * 1960-12-01 1962-09-25 Specialties Dev Corp Cooling apparatus
US3063260A (en) * 1960-12-01 1962-11-13 Specialties Dev Corp Cooling device employing the joule-thomson effect
US3095711A (en) * 1962-01-31 1963-07-02 Jr Howard P Wurtz Double cryostat
US3326015A (en) * 1965-07-07 1967-06-20 British Oxygen Co Ltd Gas liquefier

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2991633A (en) * 1958-03-17 1961-07-11 Itt Joule-thomson effect cooling system
US3018643A (en) * 1959-09-15 1962-01-30 Philco Corp Cryogenic refrigerating means
US3055192A (en) * 1960-12-01 1962-09-25 Specialties Dev Corp Cooling apparatus
US3063260A (en) * 1960-12-01 1962-11-13 Specialties Dev Corp Cooling device employing the joule-thomson effect
US3095711A (en) * 1962-01-31 1963-07-02 Jr Howard P Wurtz Double cryostat
US3326015A (en) * 1965-07-07 1967-06-20 British Oxygen Co Ltd Gas liquefier

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3590597A (en) * 1968-08-06 1971-07-06 Hymatic Eng Co Ltd Cooling apparatus employing the joule-thomson effect
US3714796A (en) * 1970-07-30 1973-02-06 Air Prod & Chem Cryogenic refrigeration system with dual circuit heat exchanger
US6530234B1 (en) 1995-10-12 2003-03-11 Cryogen, Inc. Precooling system for Joule-Thomson probe
US5758505A (en) * 1995-10-12 1998-06-02 Cryogen, Inc. Precooling system for joule-thomson probe
US6151901A (en) * 1995-10-12 2000-11-28 Cryogen, Inc. Miniature mixed gas refrigeration system
AU714348B2 (en) * 1996-10-07 1999-12-23 Cryogen, Inc. Precooling system for joule-thomson probe
WO1998017167A3 (en) * 1996-10-07 1998-09-03 Cryogen Inc Precooling system for joule-thomson probe
WO1998017167A2 (en) * 1996-10-07 1998-04-30 Cryogen, Inc. Precooling system for joule-thomson probe
US6475212B2 (en) 1996-12-26 2002-11-05 Cryogen, Inc. Cryosurgical probe with sheath
US6182666B1 (en) 1996-12-26 2001-02-06 Cryogen, Inc. Cryosurgical probe and method for uterine ablation
US6193644B1 (en) 1996-12-26 2001-02-27 Cryogen, Inc. Cryosurgical probe with sheath
US6270494B1 (en) 1996-12-26 2001-08-07 Cryogen, Inc. Stretchable cryoprobe sheath
US6451012B2 (en) 1996-12-26 2002-09-17 Cryogen, Inc. Cryosurgical method for endometrial ablation
US6306129B1 (en) 1997-09-22 2001-10-23 Femrx, Inc. Cryosurgical system and method
WO1999057494A1 (en) * 1998-05-07 1999-11-11 Cryogen, Inc. Precooling system for joule-thomson probe
US6237355B1 (en) 1999-06-25 2001-05-29 Cryogen, Inc. Precooled cryogenic ablation system
USRE40049E1 (en) * 1999-06-25 2008-02-12 Ams Research Corporation Precooled cryogenic ablation system
US20080087030A1 (en) * 2006-10-17 2008-04-17 In Woong Park Water-cooled air conditioner
US8281614B2 (en) 2006-10-17 2012-10-09 Lg Electronics Inc. Water-cooled air conditioner
US8286445B2 (en) * 2006-10-17 2012-10-16 Lg Electronics Inc. Water-cooled air conditioner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1114659A (en) 1968-05-22
SE321248B (xx) 1970-03-02
FR1465656A (fr) 1967-01-13
BE690641A (xx) 1967-06-02
DE1501106A1 (de) 1970-01-08
NL6616749A (xx) 1967-06-05

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