US3427118A - Ignition device for oil-fired boilers - Google Patents
Ignition device for oil-fired boilers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3427118A US3427118A US562233A US3427118DA US3427118A US 3427118 A US3427118 A US 3427118A US 562233 A US562233 A US 562233A US 3427118D A US3427118D A US 3427118DA US 3427118 A US3427118 A US 3427118A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- ignition
- laser
- ignition device
- radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/0007—Applications not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q13/00—Igniters not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/06—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners
- F23Q7/08—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners for evaporating and igniting liquid fuel, e.g. in hurricane lanterns
Definitions
- Another, conjoint object of the invention is to provide an ignition device for oil-heated boilers that minimizes the wear imposed upon the device thus reducing maintenance requirements and prolonging its useful life.
- an oil-air ignition device which effects ignition by strongly bunched radiation of an optical transmitter released by a source of excitation and operating with a selectively fluorescent medium, such as embodied by radiation from a laser.
- the invention is predicated upon the recognition that, with a sufficient energy density in a sutficiently large volume of oil mist, the amount of laser light absorbed by the mist will suffice to ignite the oil-mist volume, and that the thus initiated combustion will continue after cessation of the ignition pulse.
- the energy density of the laser radiation must be sufficiently large to attain the ignition temperature of the oil, and this energy density must be attained by shortlasting ignition pulses within a sufiiciently large volume of the oil-air mist, so that after decay of the ignition pulses the generation of heat within this volume is larger than the radiation losses, thus causing the combustion to continue.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory graph
- FIG. 2 shows schematicallyand in section an ignition device according to the invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of the same device.
- the absorption of an oil in liquid form was determined in the spectral range of 0.5- 2 ,um.
- the result is illustrated in the diagram shown in FIG. 1 in which the abscissa indicates the wave length (A) of the laser light in micron (,um.) and the ordinate indicates the median penetration distance w in am. of the laser light, which is identical with the reciprocal value of the absorption constant K of the furnace oil, the ordinate value being represented on a logarithmic scale. It follows from FIG. 1 that it is favorable to employ a laser radiation of shortest feasible wave length. The radiation of a ruby laser is therefore better suitable than that of a neodymium-glass laser.
- An ignitable oil-air mixture is present if the oil is heated over C. (flame point 80- C.) and the volumetric ratio of oil (gaseous) to air is a few percent. Relating to the liquid oil, this corresponds approximately to an oilzratio of 1:1000.
- furnace oil is atomized to a mist with the aid of a spray nozzle, similar dilutions are obtained. This is tantamount to the fact that with this dilution the laser radiation is absorbed up to 37% upon passing through a path length of about 36 mm. Consequently the median penetrating depth w of the laser light in the oil mist is approximately 36 mm.
- the energy density required for ignition i.e., heating of the oil droplets to 600-800 C. or higher temperatures
- This volume may be smaller with a higher ignition velocity in the particular fuel-air mixture being used, or with an increase in the density of the oil mist, or with an increase of the laserpulse duration or the energy density.
- FIG. 2 there is shown a boiler wall 1 of a boiler operating with crude oil.
- the wall has an opening 2 for the passage of an oil burner 3, and an opening 4 traversed by the outlet tube 5 of a laser device.
- the head portion 6 of the laser device is equipped with a lens 7 and a displaceable diaphragm 8.
- the laser head further contains a ruby laser crystal 9 and a flash lamp v1t) to serve as source of excitation energy.
- the ignition device for the flash lamp comprises a capacitor 11 and an ignition coil, further a power supply unit 12 (FIGS. 2, 3) which is to be connected to a utility line and contains a capacitor battery 15 for energizing the flash lamp 10.
- the focal length of the lens 7 is 1 meter.
- the tube 5 and the lens 7 are arranged to focus the laser radiation into the oil mist 13.
- the ru-by crystal has an opening angle of about 30'. Consequently, the laser beam diameter in the region of highest energy density is approximately 2 mm.
- the region of highest energy density, resulting from the coaction of parallel and divergent radiation, extends over a length of a few cm. This length is in accordance with approximately the median penetrating depth of the laser light in the oil-air mist.
- the power supply unit 12 is shown to comprise a transformer 14 which serves to step up the line voltage to approximately 1.5 -kv.
- the capacitor battery 15 and a rectifier 16 Connected to the secondary winding of the transformer are the capacitor battery 15 and a rectifier 16.
- the capacitor battery '15 becomes charged nearly to the peak value of the secondary alternating voltage.
- the ignition unit 11 for the flash. lamp 10 comprises an ignition coil 17 which receives a voltage pulse in the order of magnitude of 10 kv. from a circuit 18 containing a spark gap 19. This voltage pulse ignites the flash lamp 10'.
- the energy for the flash lamp is then furnished from thecapacitor battery 15.
- the switch for the ignition pulse is denoted by 20.
- a normally open contact 22 on the armature of the lifting magnet 21 closes arsenide Laserdiodes by Henkel et al., in Solid State Elec-v tronics, Pergamon-Pres s, 1965, vol. 8, page 475 and by Gremmelmaier and Henkel in Siemens Zeitschrift, vol. 39, No. 5, 1965 palge 438,. as well as to the bibliographies in thelatter two papers.
- the described ignition device affords igniting the furnace oil, heated to 80 Crand finely dispersed into droplets, by applying laser pulses of approximately 1.5 Ws energy and a 0.5 ms. duration. Similar results were obtained when reducing the focal length of the lens down to 10 cm.
- the lens 7 also serves as a protective window be- 1 tween the laser crystal and the combustion chamber of the boiler. For this purpose it is preferably protected by the displacea'ble diaphragm 8 from being soiled. The lens becomes exposed only during the ignition interval. For that reason, the diaphragm 8 or rather the actuator for displacing it, is preferably connected with the ignition switch of the laser or is displaced by an electromagnetic con trolled by the ignition switch, as exemplified by the circuit shown in FIG. 3.
- the laser device does not require any particular cooling of the crystal and the flash lamp becauseit is operated only'with individual pulses of relatively large time spacing from each other.
- Ruby crystals of good quality issue the required median pulse energies at 20 C. and thus permit operating at normal room temperature.
- the device and its proper operation are not limited to the use of ruby or neodymium-glass lasers.
- Other solidstate lasers or semiconductor injection lasers arealso applicable, provided they satisfy the above-described requirements.
- the emission may also be outside of the visible spectral region.
- an ignition'device comprising a source of laser radiation and excitation means for controlling said source to issue pulses of optical lradiation, optical means near said source for concentrating a beamof' said radiation pulses onto an oil-air mixture to be ignited'so as to produce an energy density sufficiently large to attain the ignition temperature of the oil in a volume of the oil-air mixture sufficiently large so that, after decay of said radiation pulses, generation of heat within said volume is gerater than heat loss therefrom whereby combustion of the oil-air mixture is maintained, and holder means on which said source and .said optical means are mounted, said holder means forming a-beam outlet and being adapted for attachment to a firing chamber of the boiler in igniting relation to the oil supply.
- said holder means comprising a tube having an opening at one enddefining said beam outlet, and said optical means comprising a focussing lens coaxially mounted in said tube be tween said source and said opening.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DES0097949 | 1965-07-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3427118A true US3427118A (en) | 1969-02-11 |
Family
ID=7521112
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US562233A Expired - Lifetime US3427118A (en) | 1965-07-02 | 1966-07-01 | Ignition device for oil-fired boilers |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3427118A (de) |
AT (1) | AT264696B (de) |
BE (1) | BE682556A (de) |
CH (1) | CH446587A (de) |
DE (1) | DE1501900A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK112043B (de) |
GB (1) | GB1080887A (de) |
NL (1) | NL6607826A (de) |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3574501A (en) * | 1969-02-12 | 1971-04-13 | Robertshaw Controls Co | Electric igniter |
US3861371A (en) * | 1973-12-10 | 1975-01-21 | Joseph Gamell Ind Inc | Ignition system for engine |
US4302933A (en) * | 1979-03-01 | 1981-12-01 | Smith Marvin M | Jet engine augmentor operation at high altitudes |
US4314530A (en) * | 1980-02-25 | 1982-02-09 | Giacchetti Anacleto D | Amplified radiation igniter system and method for igniting fuel in an internal combustion engine |
DE3400034A1 (de) * | 1984-01-03 | 1985-07-11 | Herbert 5000 Köln Kaniut | Brennkraftmaschine mit lichtstrahl-zuendung |
US4666678A (en) * | 1957-06-27 | 1987-05-19 | Lemelson Jerome H | Radiation beam apparatus and method |
DE3600255A1 (de) * | 1986-01-08 | 1987-07-09 | Telefunken Electronic Gmbh | Optisches zuendsystem fuer verbrennungsmotoren |
US5497612A (en) * | 1992-10-06 | 1996-03-12 | University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Laser initiated non-linear fuel droplet ignition method |
US5552675A (en) * | 1959-04-08 | 1996-09-03 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | High temperature reaction apparatus |
WO1997045678A1 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1997-12-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser preheat enhanced ignition |
US5769621A (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1998-06-23 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser ablation based fuel ignition |
US6305929B1 (en) * | 1999-05-24 | 2001-10-23 | Suk Ho Chung | Laser-induced ignition system using a cavity |
US6382957B1 (en) | 1997-04-21 | 2002-05-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser ignition |
US6676402B1 (en) | 1997-04-21 | 2004-01-13 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser ignition |
US20060032470A1 (en) * | 2004-08-14 | 2006-02-16 | Heiko Ridderbusch | Device for igniting an internal combustion engine |
US20070190470A1 (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2007-08-16 | Aga Ab | Method for igniting a burner |
US20120131926A1 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-31 | General Electric Company | Advanced laser ignition systems for gas turbines including aircraft engines |
US20120131927A1 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-31 | General Electric Company | Advanced Optics and Optical Access for Laser Ignition for Gas Turbines Including Aircraft Engines |
US20140237989A1 (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2014-08-28 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Laser-ignition combustor for gas turbine engine |
RU2580241C1 (ru) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-04-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный энергетический университет" (ФГБОУ ВПО "КГЭУ") | Способ розжига топки котла |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1625630A (en) * | 1927-04-19 | louis | ||
US2332210A (en) * | 1943-10-19 | Ignition apparatus | ||
US2602293A (en) * | 1948-02-07 | 1952-07-08 | Daniel And Florence Guggenheim | Igniter port valve mechanism for combustion chambers |
US3177651A (en) * | 1962-01-18 | 1965-04-13 | United Aircraft Corp | Laser ignition |
US3296795A (en) * | 1964-08-04 | 1967-01-10 | Floyd B Nielsen | Laser initiated rocket type igniter |
-
1965
- 1965-07-02 DE DE19651501900 patent/DE1501900A1/de active Pending
-
1966
- 1966-06-06 NL NL6607826A patent/NL6607826A/xx unknown
- 1966-06-06 AT AT535066A patent/AT264696B/de active
- 1966-06-13 CH CH851966A patent/CH446587A/de unknown
- 1966-06-15 BE BE682556D patent/BE682556A/xx unknown
- 1966-06-23 DK DK323566AA patent/DK112043B/da unknown
- 1966-07-01 US US562233A patent/US3427118A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1966-07-01 GB GB29759/66A patent/GB1080887A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1625630A (en) * | 1927-04-19 | louis | ||
US2332210A (en) * | 1943-10-19 | Ignition apparatus | ||
US2602293A (en) * | 1948-02-07 | 1952-07-08 | Daniel And Florence Guggenheim | Igniter port valve mechanism for combustion chambers |
US3177651A (en) * | 1962-01-18 | 1965-04-13 | United Aircraft Corp | Laser ignition |
US3296795A (en) * | 1964-08-04 | 1967-01-10 | Floyd B Nielsen | Laser initiated rocket type igniter |
Cited By (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4666678A (en) * | 1957-06-27 | 1987-05-19 | Lemelson Jerome H | Radiation beam apparatus and method |
US5552675A (en) * | 1959-04-08 | 1996-09-03 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | High temperature reaction apparatus |
US5628881A (en) * | 1959-04-08 | 1997-05-13 | Lemelson; Jerome H. | High temperature reaction method |
US3574501A (en) * | 1969-02-12 | 1971-04-13 | Robertshaw Controls Co | Electric igniter |
US3861371A (en) * | 1973-12-10 | 1975-01-21 | Joseph Gamell Ind Inc | Ignition system for engine |
US4302933A (en) * | 1979-03-01 | 1981-12-01 | Smith Marvin M | Jet engine augmentor operation at high altitudes |
US4314530A (en) * | 1980-02-25 | 1982-02-09 | Giacchetti Anacleto D | Amplified radiation igniter system and method for igniting fuel in an internal combustion engine |
DE3400034A1 (de) * | 1984-01-03 | 1985-07-11 | Herbert 5000 Köln Kaniut | Brennkraftmaschine mit lichtstrahl-zuendung |
DE3600255A1 (de) * | 1986-01-08 | 1987-07-09 | Telefunken Electronic Gmbh | Optisches zuendsystem fuer verbrennungsmotoren |
US5497612A (en) * | 1992-10-06 | 1996-03-12 | University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Laser initiated non-linear fuel droplet ignition method |
US5524429A (en) * | 1992-10-06 | 1996-06-11 | University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Laser initiated non-linear fuel droplet ignition |
US5598699A (en) * | 1992-10-06 | 1997-02-04 | University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Laser initiated non-linear fuel droplet ignition apparatus |
WO1997045678A1 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1997-12-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser preheat enhanced ignition |
US5876195A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1999-03-02 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser preheat enhanced ignition |
US6382957B1 (en) | 1997-04-21 | 2002-05-07 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser ignition |
US6394788B1 (en) | 1997-04-21 | 2002-05-28 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser ignition |
US6413077B1 (en) | 1997-04-21 | 2002-07-02 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser ignition |
US6428307B1 (en) | 1997-04-21 | 2002-08-06 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser ignition |
US6514069B1 (en) | 1997-04-21 | 2003-02-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser ignition |
US6676402B1 (en) | 1997-04-21 | 2004-01-13 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser ignition |
US5769621A (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1998-06-23 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Laser ablation based fuel ignition |
US6305929B1 (en) * | 1999-05-24 | 2001-10-23 | Suk Ho Chung | Laser-induced ignition system using a cavity |
US20060032470A1 (en) * | 2004-08-14 | 2006-02-16 | Heiko Ridderbusch | Device for igniting an internal combustion engine |
US20070190470A1 (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2007-08-16 | Aga Ab | Method for igniting a burner |
US7618254B2 (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2009-11-17 | Aga Ab | Method for igniting a burner |
US20120131926A1 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-31 | General Electric Company | Advanced laser ignition systems for gas turbines including aircraft engines |
US20120131927A1 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-31 | General Electric Company | Advanced Optics and Optical Access for Laser Ignition for Gas Turbines Including Aircraft Engines |
US8616006B2 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2013-12-31 | General Electric Company | Advanced optics and optical access for laser ignition for gas turbines including aircraft engines |
US8689536B2 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2014-04-08 | General Electric Company | Advanced laser ignition systems for gas turbines including aircraft engines |
US20140237989A1 (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2014-08-28 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Laser-ignition combustor for gas turbine engine |
US9441546B2 (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2016-09-13 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Laser-ignition combustor for gas turbine engine |
RU2580241C1 (ru) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-04-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный энергетический университет" (ФГБОУ ВПО "КГЭУ") | Способ розжига топки котла |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH446587A (de) | 1967-11-15 |
AT264696B (de) | 1968-09-10 |
BE682556A (de) | 1966-11-14 |
DK112043B (da) | 1968-11-04 |
DE1501900A1 (de) | 1969-06-26 |
GB1080887A (en) | 1967-08-23 |
NL6607826A (de) | 1967-01-03 |
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