US3426491A - Fire-resisting doors with expandable seal means including a thermal conductor - Google Patents

Fire-resisting doors with expandable seal means including a thermal conductor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3426491A
US3426491A US626618A US3426491DA US3426491A US 3426491 A US3426491 A US 3426491A US 626618 A US626618 A US 626618A US 3426491D A US3426491D A US 3426491DA US 3426491 A US3426491 A US 3426491A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fire
door
strips
resisting
alkali metal
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Expired - Lifetime
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US626618A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf Gaeth
Fritz Stastny
Rudolf Breu
Friedhelm Gaertner
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Publication of US3426491A publication Critical patent/US3426491A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • E06B5/164—Sealing arrangements between the door or window and its frame, e.g. intumescent seals specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • Fire-resisting doors consist of an incombustible material or are at least combined therewith and have, at the edges and/or in the door frame rabbet, layers of materials which expand under heat and which in the case of fire, fill out the gap between the edge of the door and the door frame with foamlike substances which offer certain resistance to the spread of fire at these particularly endangered places.
  • the present invention relates to the provision of such expandable materials along the edges of the door.
  • fire-resisting closures for example fire-resisting doors
  • the edges and corners of fire-resisting closures are particularly weak spots through which flames and smoke first penetrate. Fireresisting wooden doors first burn through at these spots, so that the unexposed face of the door ignites although the door itself is still substantially intact and would offer adequate resistance. This problem occurs particularly on the hinge side of the fire-resisting doors. These problems are not so serious when the fire breaks out on the side of the door away from the hinge because the edges of the door are substantially protected by the door frame.
  • grooved depressions may be provided along the edges of the door and/ or in the door frame and that they may be filled with an expandable material.
  • This material consists substantially of an organic binder, for example polyvinyl acetate, and an expanding agent which disengages gas when heated, for example dicyanodiamide or ammonium phosphate. When subjected to high temperatures, such as occur when a fire breaks out, this material expands between the edge of the door and the door frame.
  • the foam thus formed has only slight mechanical stability however and consequently offers only limited resistance to the spread of the fire.
  • Another disadvantage is that the expandable material introduced into the grooves cannot be covered to protect it from mechanical damage because otherwise it would not expand sufficiently and above all not quickly enough in the event of fire.
  • alkali metal silicate especially sodium and potassium silicate sheets which contain water and glass fibers. These sheets have the property, owing to the high temperature to which they are subjected in the event of fire, of expanding to a foamed layer which has very good mechanical and thermal stability.
  • alkali metal silicate sheets have, with reference to the anhydrous alkali metal silicate contained therein, a water content of 20 to 70% by weight, preferably 40 to 60% by weight, and fibers in an amount of to 40% by weight, preferably to 25% by weight.
  • Glass fibers are stated to be particularly suitable fibers, and especially fibers having a thickness of from about 0.1 to 0.3 cm. are favorable which consist of many individual filaments whose diameter is from 5 to 15 microns. These fibers are known as chopped strands.
  • the alkali metal silicate strips containing fibers and water form a mechanically stable foam which fills out the frame and the door so that the door becomes firmly jammed in the frame. Penetration of heat, flames and smoke is thus prevented even when the fire continues for a prolonged period. In the case of wooden doors there is less warping. Doors even remain inv their frames when, as a result of the stiles charring, the hinges are no longer anchored in the door.
  • the strips containing alkali metal silicate and the strips of material having good thermal conductivity have a width which advantageously is about equal to the width of the edge of the door.
  • the thickness of the strips containing the alkali metal silicate is advantageously about 1.5 to 2.5 mm.
  • the thickness of the material having good thermal conductivity depends on the thermal conductivity of the particular material chosen. For example in the case of materials having good thermal conductivity such as copper and aluminum, the latter being particularly suitable, thicknesses of 0.1 to 0.3 mm. are sufiicient, whereas with materials having poorer thermal conductivity, e.g. iron, correspondingly greater thicknesses must be used.
  • materials having good thermal conductivity we mean those which have a high heat transfer coefiicient of at least 0.09 cal./cm. sec. C., which are thermally stable and whose melting point is above 500 C.
  • the strips are advantageously arranged along the edge of the door in such a way that first there is a strip containing alkali metal silicate and then a strip of material having good thermal conductivity. On these strips, for example, another strip containing alkali metal silicate may be laid. It is also possible to place a metal strip on either side of the strip containing the alkali metal silicate. Such a combination reacts particularly quickly under the action of fire.
  • This combination of strips may be covered with protective layers, for example of wood veneer, bonded asbestos sheets or plastics without the effect being lost. Obviously it is also possible to use layers consisting of more than three strips instead of layers consisting of only three strips. The fire retarding effect is thus further enhanced at the corners and edges. The number of layers chosen depends therefore on the fire-retarding effect to be
  • FIGURE 1 is a horizontal section
  • FIGURE 2 is a vertical section of a door
  • FIGURE 3 is a horizontal section of a door, a door frame and the adjacent brickwork. The same parts are indicated by the same reference numerals in all the figures.
  • 1 indicates a face veneer and 2 indicates the facing which advantageously consists of an incombustible, thermally insulating material, for example a sheet of alkali metal silicate containing fibers and water.
  • 3 and 3a indicate the fire-resisting edging member consisting of strips of alkali metal silicate containing fibers and water and strips of material having good thermal conductivity.
  • 4 indicates an outer layer, for example of hardwood, asbestos cement sheets or plastics.
  • 5 indicates the framework of the door, for example of glued strips. 6 indicates the panel.
  • the corners of the stiles of the door are chamfered and the chamfer is filled up with a plurality of layers of strips of alkali metal silicate containing fibers and water 3 alternating with strips of material having good thermal conductivity, for example aluminum foil, 3a.
  • FIGURE 3 7 indicates brickword and 8 a door frame of steel or wood. 9 indicates the door.
  • a strip 3 of alkali metal silicate containing fibers and water and a metal foil 3a are applied to the door frame 8, the metal foil being covered with a protective layer 10.
  • the door has a total thickness of 54 mm., a height of 1,990 mm. and a width of 986 mm.
  • the framework which is 35 mm. thick and consists of theree spruce strips, each 30 mm. in width, glued together, is provided with a twice glued lock reinforcement and a horizontal rail.
  • the frame and the hardboard connecting members are covered on both sides with the following layers:
  • a veneer having a thickness of 1.5 mm. there is a sheet 1.5 mm. in thickness of sodium silicate having a water content of 30% by weight and a ratio of Na O:SiO of 1:1.3.
  • 0.5 mm. gauge wire cloth with a mesh of 25 mm. is embedded in the sheet. It also contains 120 g./sq. m. of chopped glass strands and 50 g./sq. m. of cane sugar.
  • the sheet is coated on either side with 100 g./sq. m. of an epoxide resin.
  • This sheet is followed by another wood veneer having a thickness of 1.5 mm. and then again by a sodium silicate sheet.
  • the final layer is a cross-grained wood veneer 1.5 mm. thick.
  • the whole five layers are firmly glued together with a phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde condensation resin at a temperature of 100 C.
  • This covering is glued onto the framework of the door and further secured with twenty penetrating steel clips, 55 mm. in width.
  • the four corners of the framework of the door are chamfered so that both edges are shortened by 40 mm.
  • the chamfer is filled up by alternate layers of fourteen strips about 1.5 mm. in thickness of sodium silicate containing fibers and water and thirteen strips of aluminum foil having a thickness of 0.1 mm.
  • a fire-resisting edging member about 50 mm. in width.
  • This member viewed in the direction of the door, of a wood veneer 0.8 mm. thick, a sodium silicate strip 1.5 mm. thick whose composition is like that of the abovementioned sheet and which is coated on both sides with epoxide resin, an aluminum foil having a thickness of 0.1 mm., another strip of sodium silicate and another wood veneer having a thickness of 0.8 mm.
  • a fireresisting edging member at the sides and bottom, a 5 mm. edging member of oak is applied and an edging member of asbestos cement is applied to the top of the Temperature in fire chamber C.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Two doors, each having a total thickness of 40 mm. are consrtucted, as described in Example 1, from wooden strips having a thickness of 30 mm., hardboard members and wood veneer faces 1.5 mm. thick, 2. sheet of sodium silicate 1.5 mm. thick and as defined in Example 1, and a wooden veneer 1.5 mm. thick.
  • a fire-resisting edging member of a strip of sodium silicate 1.5 mm. thick is applied to the edges of one door. The upper chamfered corner of the door is filled up with fourteen superposed sodium silicate strips.
  • a fire-resisting edging member of a strip of sodium silicate 1.5 mm. thick and an aluminum foil 0.1 mm. thick is applied to the edges of the other door.
  • the similarly chamfered corner of this door is filled up with alternately superposed layers of fourteen sodium silicate strips and thirteen strips of 0.1 mm. aluminum foil.
  • An edging member of oak which has been rebated 10 mm. wide and 27 mm. deep, is applied to the fire-resisting edging members in both cases.
  • a fire-resisting doorway comprising a door frame and a door therein, and at least one of the edge portions of said door and the door frame having mounted thereon superposed strips of (a) at least one layer of alkali metal silicate containing fibers and water and (b) at least one strip of a thermally stable, heat conductive material having a heat transfer coefficient of at least 0.09 cal./cm. sec. C. and a melting point above 500 to provide a heat expandable combination adapted to fill the gap between the edges of the door and the door frame in cases of fire, the strips being arranged with their narrower side perpendicular to the face of the door.
  • a fire-resisting door with its door frame-opposing edge portions having superposed strips of (a) at least one layer of alkali metal silicate containing fibers and water and (b) at least one strip of a thermally stable, heat conductive material having a heat transfer coefiicient of at least 0.09 cal. cm./ sec. C. and a melting point above 500 C. to provide a heat expandable combination adapted to fill the gap between the edges of the door and the door frame in cases of fire, the strips being arranged with their narrower side perpendicular to the face of the door.
  • a fire-resisting door comprising a door body having at least one chamfered corner which is filled out by a plurality of diagonally disposed, alternate strips of heat foamable alkali metal silicate containing fibers and water and strips of thermally stable, heat conductive material having a heat transfer coeificient of at least 0.09 cal./ cm. sec. C. and a melting point above 500 C., the strips being arranged with their narrower side perpendicular to the face of the door.
  • a fire-resisting door frame having a door frame rabbet and characterized by said rabbet having superposed strips of (a) at least one layer of alkali metal silicate containing fibers and water and (b) at least one strip of a thermally stable, heat conductive material having a heat transfer coeflic ient of at least 0.09 cal./cm. sec. C. and a melting point above 500 C. to provide a heat expandable combination adapted to fill the gap between the edges of the door and the door frame in cases of fire, the strips being arranged with their narrower side perpendicular to the face of the door.
US626618A 1966-04-01 1967-03-28 Fire-resisting doors with expandable seal means including a thermal conductor Expired - Lifetime US3426491A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB0086482 1966-04-01

Publications (1)

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US3426491A true US3426491A (en) 1969-02-11

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US626618A Expired - Lifetime US3426491A (en) 1966-04-01 1967-03-28 Fire-resisting doors with expandable seal means including a thermal conductor

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US (1) US3426491A (nl)
AT (1) AT275835B (nl)
BE (1) BE696389A (nl)
CH (1) CH457794A (nl)
DE (1) DE1659513B1 (nl)
DK (1) DK115950B (nl)
ES (1) ES338759A1 (nl)
FI (1) FI45223C (nl)
FR (1) FR1517444A (nl)
GB (1) GB1171667A (nl)
IL (1) IL27689A (nl)
IS (1) IS1634A7 (nl)
LU (1) LU53309A1 (nl)
NL (1) NL152328B (nl)
NO (1) NO117942B (nl)
SE (1) SE306608B (nl)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3543460A (en) * 1968-02-22 1970-12-01 Basf Ag Fire-resistant composite elements containing internal layers of expanded plastics
US3783567A (en) * 1968-06-11 1974-01-08 Timber Res And Dev Ass Glazing strip
US3955330A (en) * 1975-06-25 1976-05-11 United States Gypsum Company Smoke stop for doors
US3964214A (en) * 1975-06-25 1976-06-22 United States Gypsum Company Smoke stop
US4045930A (en) * 1975-11-27 1977-09-06 Dixon International Limited Fire resistant seals
US4109423A (en) * 1976-04-14 1978-08-29 Pont-A-Mousson S.A. Fire-proof device for a tube of fusible material which extends through a wall
US4221092A (en) * 1975-11-04 1980-09-09 Ici Australia Limited Sleeve
US5355625A (en) * 1992-11-19 1994-10-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Tomoku Wood-cased glass door assembly
GB2281859A (en) * 1993-09-15 1995-03-22 Dufaylite Dev Ltd Intumescent fire seal
US5481834A (en) * 1994-04-08 1996-01-09 Hufcor, Inc. Fire-rated panel
GB2347712A (en) * 1999-07-10 2000-09-13 Rooksmoor Timber Company Limit Fire resistant ledged door
US20060248833A1 (en) * 2005-05-06 2006-11-09 Enrico Autovino Fire retardant panel door and door frame having intumescent materials therein with a 90 minute fire rating

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2802143C3 (de) * 1978-01-19 1981-06-19 Wormald Kopperschmidt Gmbh, 2358 Kaltenkirchen Feuerschutztür
FR2417000A1 (fr) * 1978-02-10 1979-09-07 Crouzilles Jean Louis Procede de realisation de portes coupe-feu, pare-flammes et portes ainsi obtenues
EP0058988A1 (de) * 1981-02-25 1982-09-01 Keller & Co., Aktiengesellschaft Türflügel mit einer Füllung
AT1843U1 (de) * 1997-01-30 1997-12-29 Leo Wassner Türblatt, insbesondere sicherheitstürblatt

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2910739A (en) * 1956-01-28 1959-11-03 S O S B Skod I S Frames for fire-retarding and fire-proof doors
CA644500A (en) * 1962-07-10 Ratzel Gerd Air-pervious, fire-checking and flameproof walls, doors and the like
US3254592A (en) * 1965-05-10 1966-06-07 Weyerheauser Company Fire door
US3255559A (en) * 1962-02-21 1966-06-14 Basf Ag Elements for securing protective screens to articles to be protected from the action of heat and flames
US3274734A (en) * 1964-09-21 1966-09-27 Padde Pty Ltd Fire resistant door

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1852959U (de) * 1962-02-22 1962-06-07 Basf Ag Brandschotten.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA644500A (en) * 1962-07-10 Ratzel Gerd Air-pervious, fire-checking and flameproof walls, doors and the like
US2910739A (en) * 1956-01-28 1959-11-03 S O S B Skod I S Frames for fire-retarding and fire-proof doors
US3255559A (en) * 1962-02-21 1966-06-14 Basf Ag Elements for securing protective screens to articles to be protected from the action of heat and flames
US3274734A (en) * 1964-09-21 1966-09-27 Padde Pty Ltd Fire resistant door
US3254592A (en) * 1965-05-10 1966-06-07 Weyerheauser Company Fire door

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3543460A (en) * 1968-02-22 1970-12-01 Basf Ag Fire-resistant composite elements containing internal layers of expanded plastics
US3783567A (en) * 1968-06-11 1974-01-08 Timber Res And Dev Ass Glazing strip
US3955330A (en) * 1975-06-25 1976-05-11 United States Gypsum Company Smoke stop for doors
US3964214A (en) * 1975-06-25 1976-06-22 United States Gypsum Company Smoke stop
US4221092A (en) * 1975-11-04 1980-09-09 Ici Australia Limited Sleeve
US4045930A (en) * 1975-11-27 1977-09-06 Dixon International Limited Fire resistant seals
US4109423A (en) * 1976-04-14 1978-08-29 Pont-A-Mousson S.A. Fire-proof device for a tube of fusible material which extends through a wall
US5355625A (en) * 1992-11-19 1994-10-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Tomoku Wood-cased glass door assembly
GB2281859A (en) * 1993-09-15 1995-03-22 Dufaylite Dev Ltd Intumescent fire seal
US5481834A (en) * 1994-04-08 1996-01-09 Hufcor, Inc. Fire-rated panel
GB2347712A (en) * 1999-07-10 2000-09-13 Rooksmoor Timber Company Limit Fire resistant ledged door
GB2347712B (en) * 1999-07-10 2001-02-28 Rooksmoor Timber Company Ltd Improvements relating to fire doors
US20060248833A1 (en) * 2005-05-06 2006-11-09 Enrico Autovino Fire retardant panel door and door frame having intumescent materials therein with a 90 minute fire rating
US7275352B2 (en) * 2005-05-06 2007-10-02 Artistic Doors & Windows Inc. Fire retardant panel door and door frame having intumescent materials therein with a 90 minute fire rating

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI45223B (nl) 1971-12-31
NL152328B (nl) 1977-02-15
DK115950B (da) 1969-11-24
BE696389A (nl) 1967-10-02
NL6704495A (nl) 1967-10-02
ES338759A1 (es) 1968-04-16
LU53309A1 (nl) 1967-05-29
NO117942B (nl) 1969-10-13
FR1517444A (fr) 1968-03-15
SE306608B (nl) 1968-12-02
DE1659513B1 (de) 1970-03-19
CH457794A (de) 1968-06-15
IS1634A7 (is) 1967-04-12
GB1171667A (en) 1969-11-26
AT275835B (de) 1969-11-10
FI45223C (fi) 1972-04-10
IL27689A (en) 1970-09-17

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