US3420971A - Circuit breaker apparatus - Google Patents

Circuit breaker apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3420971A
US3420971A US464287A US3420971DA US3420971A US 3420971 A US3420971 A US 3420971A US 464287 A US464287 A US 464287A US 3420971D A US3420971D A US 3420971DA US 3420971 A US3420971 A US 3420971A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
contact
arc
circuit
arms
slot
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US464287A
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English (en)
Inventor
Marcel Aupetit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telemecanique SA
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Telemecanique Electrique SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2025—Bridging contacts comprising two-parallel bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/22—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with rigid pivoted member carrying the moving contact
    • H01H1/221—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with rigid pivoted member carrying the moving contact and a contact pressure spring acting between the pivoted member and a supporting member
    • H01H1/225—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with rigid pivoted member carrying the moving contact and a contact pressure spring acting between the pivoted member and a supporting member the supporting member being pivotable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet

Definitions

  • Another object is to provide an improved circuitbreaker construction wherein the electromagnetic forces generated by the paths of electric current flow through the device during a circuit breaking action, will inherently be of such character that they will propel the arc in a pre scribed direction, regardless of the particular point at which the arc may be initiated, and without the provision of any auxiliary, extraneous means.
  • the contact surfaces of a high-power circuit breaker must be of appreciable surface area in order to take up the high currents involved. As these large contact surfaces separate during a circuit breaking action, the arc is struck at a point randomly located over their area, and which will generally vary in Patented Jan. 7, 1969 random fashion from one circuit breaking action to another. As soon as an arc has been initiated, it is subjected to various forces which cause it to move over the contact surfaces.
  • the geometry of the circuit breaker contact members, especially in the parts thereof through which current flows to and from the breaker contact surfaces, is so determined that the electromagnetic forces generated by said current flow and acting upon the arc, will have a resultant in the right direction to drive the are positively towards the prescribed ends of the contact members, thereby eliminating the need for any extraneous means to that end.
  • Another object of the invention is to maximize this electromagnetic force created in the normal operation of a circuit breaker while ensuring that it is directed in the proper direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view, taken on the line I-I of FIG. 2, showing the contact members of an improved circuitbreaker, at the start of a circuit breaking action.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view on line IIII of FIG. 1, showing one of the contact members.
  • FIG. 2A is a cross sectional view on line IIAIIA of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a view taken on line IIIIII of FIG. 4, showing a complete circuit-breaker unit including arc quenching means, embodying a pair of circuit breaker contact members constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a front view of a modified contact member of a circuit-breaker according to the invention.
  • Each half segment has a flat rectangular contact face 7, the contact faces 7 of both half segments 5 associated with each contact member being coplanar.
  • the half contact element 5 further includes an outwardly slanting bevel edge surface 8 which connects its flat contact face 7 with the outer side edge of the leg 3b of the related half-arm 3, a lower slanting bevel surface 9 which connects contact face 7 with the surface of leg 30, and a short upper bevel surface 10.
  • This upper bevel 10 is coplanar with the angularly-jutting arc quenching end parts 12 which are constituted by the outer or upper ends of the legs 30.
  • the contact segments 5 are desirably made of silver, and are brazed to the underlying surfaces of the pole members, which are suitably made from a strong copperchromium alloy.
  • the inwardly facing edge surfaces of the legs 30 diverge as at 11 (FIG. 2) towards the base 1 below the contact elements 5, so as to join up with the inner edges of the bottom parts 3a of the half-arms 3.
  • These diverging edges 11 define between them a triangular enlargement of the slot 6, which is followed adjacent the base 1 by a constant-width section of said slot as defined between the inwardly facing edge surfaces of the parts 3a.
  • the arc energizing current tends to separate into two circuit branches in parallel (electrically speaking).
  • One branch extends through arm portion 3b and can be represented as a bunch of current lines m1, and the other branch follows arm portion 30 and can be represented by the bunch of current lines 1112.
  • Both branches m1 and m2 converge and meet at the point X at which the arc is assumed to be located, and the resultant of the current lines m1 and 1112 constitutes the mean path of current flow designated M.
  • the current lines m2 which extend through the rectilinear arm portions 3b of the arms of the respective circuit breaker contact members, define upwardly convex circuit loops having parallel and rather closely spaced rectilinear legs situated in the respective pole members. It can be shown that the intensity of the resulting electromagnetic force acting on the arc in the direction just defined above, integrated over the length of said straight parallel segments of the lines m2, is approximately proportional to the sine of the angle indicated as a in FIG. 1, this angle being the 90 degrees complement of angle [3, one half the angular width of the loop defined by the means current path line M.
  • This force can therefore be increased by increasing the angle 0:, which means increasing the length of the lower part of the arms as far as the lower edge of the contact face 7.
  • An excessive increase in arm length is obviously undesirable in that it would tend to render the pole members excessively flexible.
  • a suitable range for the angle a in most cases can be taken as 45 to 70, with 60 being a preferred value. However, angular values outside said range may occasionally be used.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a complete circuit-breaker unit constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the unit comprises a frame or casing 20 made of insulating material, having power bus terminals 21 and 22 connected to opposite sides of it.
  • a conductive frame member 23 is mechanically and electrically connected to bus terminal 22 and supports the stationary contact member 24 of the circuit breaker suitably screwed thereto as shown.
  • a bracket 25 which supports one side of a generally conventional arc quenching casing 26 the opposite of which is provided with horizontal pins 41 engageable with complementary cutouts formed in uprights 42 projecting from the corresponding side of the frame 20*.
  • the quencher device 26 is provided with a plurality of spaced partitions 27 and operates on the well-known deion principle whereby the are delivered thereto over the tips or horns 47 of the pole members is broken up into short arcs between the partitions and which are separately quenched.
  • the circuit breaker includes the stationary contact member 24 and the movable contact member 29a-29b, which are basically similar in configuration to the pole members described in the first embodiment, except for differences noted later.
  • Bus terminal connector 21 is connected by way of the two similar flexible braid conductors 28 with the respective half-arms 29a and 29b of the movable member.
  • Said half-arms 29a and 2% are here formed as separate elements, and have their base ends received in an opening formed in an insulating support 36, pivotally mounted in frame 20 by means of pivots 4G.
  • Said support 30 has a semi-cylindrical rib 31 projecting inwardly from a side wall of said opening therein, and the half-arms 29a and 291) have complementary semi-cylindrical recesses 32 which engage with said rib 31 so as to be pivotally movable about the center of said rib as an ideal axis of rotation.
  • Compression springs 33 seated against adjusting screws 34 threaded in support 30 serve to bias the halfarms 29a and 29b separately about this axis towards the stationary pole member 24.
  • Pins 36 extending laterally through the respective half-arms 29a, 29b of the movable member have their outer ends engaging suitable recesses 37 formed in the walls of the support 30 on opposite sides of the opening therein. The pins 36 serve to position the half-arms 29a, 29b in relation to each other and limit the rotational displacements thereof.
  • the support 30 is in two parts, interassembled with screws such as 39, and is externally formed with the aligned cylindrical cavities 49 coaxial with the semicylindrical rib 31 for receiving the pivots 40' referred to above as serving to mount support 30 for rotation relative to frame 20.
  • a wear-resistant metallic coating 37 is provided over the surfaces of the semi-cylindrical rib 31 and the wall surface of the aperture in support 30 against which the arms 29a, 2912 are biassed by the springs 33.
  • the support 30 is adapted to be rotated about its pivots 40' relative to frame 20 by suitable means, not shown, such as an electromagnet, between a circuit-making position shown in FIG. 3 in which the movable contact :member 29a-29b engages the stationary contact member 24 as shown in full lines, and a circuit-breaking position in which the movable cont-act member assumes the position shown in phantom in which it is out of engagement with the stationary member.
  • the springs 33 press the half-arms 29a and 29b of the movable member separately into engagement with the stationary contact member, whereby the contact pressures in both halves of the assembly can be accurately equalized.
  • the circuitbreaking position with support 30 rotated in the counterclockwise direction from the position shown in FIG. 3, the movable contact half-arms 29a and 2915 are pressed by their respective springs 33 into engagement with the wear-taking coating 37 of the support member 30.
  • the stationary contact member 24 is largely similar in construction to either of the contact members C in the first embodiment, except that as shown in FIG. 3 said member 24 has no root and base portions corresponding to portions 3a and 1 in FIG. 1, but is instead provided with a base flange which is secured to the conductive frame member 23 by 'means of a screw.
  • the two sections 29a and 2% together define a general configuration which is basically similar to that of the contact pole members earlier described herein.
  • the half-arms 29a and 2912 are formed with cutouts in their sides facing towards each other so as to define a triangular enlargement 44a of the slot 44 separating said half-arms.
  • the constricted cross section of each half-arm near the base of this triangular enlargement,
  • the geometrical relationships illustrated are such that the mean path of current flow M (FIG. 4) is more remote from the midplane of symmetry passing through the center of slot 44 than is the outer edge 45a of the contact segment 45.
  • said mean current path M is caused to curve inwards and upwards in a manner generally similar to what is shown in FIG. 2, thereby again generating a resultant electromagnetic force which will propel the arc inwards (toward slot 44) and upwards (toward quenching tip 47) regardless of the point of initiation of the arc.
  • the arm portions 46 which underlie the contact segments 44 are flat and straight to provide opposite straight parallel spaced segments of substantial length for the current flow paths therethrough, thereby to increase the intensity of the electromagnetic force as described with reference to FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 5-7 illustrate a further modified construction for a movable contact member in a circuit breaker according to the invention.
  • the contact member has a body 50 produced from heavy-gauge copper sheet suitably stamped and press-shaped.
  • the stamping includes a median slot 54 which extends from the upper end of the member and terminates in a circular enlargement 55 near the midsection of the member.
  • Silver contact segments 51 are brazed to the copper member on opposite sides of the slot.
  • the member is U-shaped as shown in FIG. 7 with side flanges 64 extending throughout its length.
  • the member further includes a jutting arcquenching tip or horn 56 at its upper end, a semi-cylindrical rib or knee 52 below the circular cutout 55 for pivoting the member to a support in a manner generally similar to that described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, and formations generally designated 53 at the lower end of the member for attachment purposes, which need not here be described in detail.
  • the two half-arms of the contact member are interconnected at their upper ends by a bridging part 56 for greater rigidity of the member as a whole.
  • the bridge portion 56 is provided as a separate element made of a high-resistivity metal to minimize the flow of current through the shunt circuit branch thus provided. Such a shunt current if present would tend to repel the arc in a downward direction.
  • the contact member just described cooperates with a stationary contact member which is of similar configuration at least insofar as the upper part of the member is concerned, and includes the two half-arms 60 carrying the contact segments 61 cooperating with segments 51, said halfarms being separated by a median slot 62.
  • This slot terminates at its lower end in an e.g. circular enlargement (not shown) similar to the circular enlargement 55.
  • a constricted current flow section S is defined.
  • this constriction is L-shaped since the side flanges 64 extend downward beyond the enlargement 55.
  • the geometry of the member is to determined that the mean line of current flow M in this resricted flow section S is more remote from the midplane of symmetry of slot 54 than is the outer edge 51a of the contact segment 51. Consequently the :mean current fiowpath M will be forced to curve inwards towards the outer-lower corner of the related contact segment 51, and will owing to this curvature create a resultant electromagnetic force acting on the arc to drive the arc inwards and upwards as is required and as earlier explained.
  • the width of contact segment 51 is made smaller than the width of the related half-arm of the contact member by an amount somewhat greater than the width of the flange 64, this latter width dimension being equal to the gauge thickness e of the copper stamping; this ensures that the outer edge 51a of the contact segment is substantially closer to the aforemenioned midplane of symmetry than is the midplane of the flange 64.
  • the horizontal leg of the L-shaped cross section C is made shorter than the vertical leg thereof (as viewed in FIG.
  • the contact segments 51 in this embodiment are provided with bevel surfaces at their upper and lower ends (see FIG. 6) as in the embodiments earlier described, but are not formed with bevel surfaces at their outer edges such as 51a (see FIG. 7). Instead, the flanges 64 of the channel-shaped member are rounded along their outer surfaces where they merge with the inner face of the contact member carrying the contact segments 51. Those rounded surfaces are equivalent in effect to the outer bevel surfaces provided in the other embodiments here disclosed, in imparting an inwardly curved shape to the mean current flow path M as seen on all planes of projection.
  • the contact segments 61 of the stationary contact member 60 are somewhat broader than are the contact segments 51 of the movable contact member 50 and extend laterally beyond both opposite side edges thereof, while the median slot 62 of the stationary member is narrower than the slot 54 in the movable member.
  • This relationship is advantageous in that it ensures that the full surface area of the contact segments 51 will always engage the segments 61 irrespective of any lateral displacements between the stationary and operating contact members as may occur due to initial misalignment and due to wear in the moving parts after prolonged service. This averts non-symmetrical wear as between the opposite edges of the contact segments and extends the useful life of the device.
  • the invention has provided an improved form of high-load circuit breaking device in which the geometry of the paths of current conduction is so predetermined that the electromagnetic forces created by the inherent operation of the device during a circuit-breaking action are of such character that they will positively drive an are present across the contact surfaces of the circuit-breaker inward and upward toward arc-quenching means associated with the circuit-breaker. This result is achieved regardless of the precise point over the area of the contact surfaces at which the arc may initiate.
  • auxiliary means such as pneumatic or magnetic driving means, conventionally used to propel the arc toward the quenching zone in highcapacity circuit-breakers of the prior art, can be entirely dispensed with.
  • An essential feature of the geometry of the contact members in a circuit breaker according to the invention, which is responsible for the above result, is the generally inward curvature of the mean line of current conduction leading from the terminal connection at the lower end of the member, to the outer-lower corner of the related contact surface.
  • Such an inwardly curved conduction path was generally absent from prior-art circuit breakers, resulting in the creation of electromagnetic forces which tended to drive the arc in directions other than the inwardupward direction, and consequently necessitating the provision of the afore-mentioned auxiliary arc-propelling means.
  • the inward-curved configuration of the mean path of current flow is obtained primarily through the provision of the enlargement in the median slot of each contact member in the portion thereof between the lower end of the member and the contact surface, and the come quent constricted section of the arm, located generally farther away from the slot than the outermost edge of the contact surface is located. It is to be understood however that many departures from the disclosed constructions may be resorted to while still preserving the basic geometry of the invention.
  • a high-load circuit breaking device comprising a pair of relatively movable contact members including a stationary contact member and a movable contact member having fiat portions in substantially parallel relationship to each other when in a closed position, bothv in the form of generally channel-shaped arms having channel flanges directed away from each other,
  • each of said contact members including a protruding contact segment carried on said contact member having a contact surface interengageable with the contact surface on the contact segment on the other of said pair of contact memlbers,
  • each of said contact I members having a configuration with an enlargement between said contact segment and the terminal connected ends of said contact members substantially symmetrical with the midplane of symmetry of said contact members and curving generally outward to said terminal connected ends to define a constricted section in each of said half-arms,
  • each halfarm includes a generally flat portion parallel to said contact surface extending over a substantial length between said constricted section and said contact segment.
  • each said arm is a press-formed stamping.
  • circuit breaking device of claim 1 further characterized by an arc quenching zone positioned adjacent the ends of said contact members away from said terminal connected ends.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US464287A 1964-06-22 1965-06-16 Circuit breaker apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3420971A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR979205A FR1435781A (fr) 1964-06-22 1964-06-22 Perfectionnements aux pôles de contact d'appareils de coupure de courant
FR16966A FR88229E (fr) 1964-06-22 1965-05-13 Perfectionnements aux pôles de contact d'appareils de coupure de courant
FR27011A FR89227E (fr) 1964-06-22 1965-08-03 Perfectionnements aux pôles de contact d'appareils de coupure de courant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3420971A true US3420971A (en) 1969-01-07

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US464287A Expired - Lifetime US3420971A (en) 1964-06-22 1965-06-16 Circuit breaker apparatus
US567508A Expired - Lifetime US3324270A (en) 1964-06-22 1966-07-25 Circuit breaker apparatus having bifurcated contact

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US567508A Expired - Lifetime US3324270A (en) 1964-06-22 1966-07-25 Circuit breaker apparatus having bifurcated contact

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (2) US3420971A (fr)
BE (2) BE665693A (fr)
CH (1) CH443442A (fr)
DE (2) DE1262404B (fr)
DK (1) DK112456B (fr)
FR (3) FR1435781A (fr)
GB (2) GB1104674A (fr)
LU (1) LU48876A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL6507806A (fr)
NO (1) NO116678B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0212983A2 (fr) * 1985-08-23 1987-03-04 BICC Public Limited Company Interrupteur électrique
CN101322208B (zh) * 2005-12-15 2011-07-06 法雷奥电机设备公司 用于电磁接触器的移动元件和包括该元件的接触器

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US3467924A (en) * 1966-12-12 1969-09-16 Ite Imperial Corp Mounting means for electromagnetic armature
US3655934A (en) * 1969-07-23 1972-04-11 Square D Co Movable contact structure for an electric switch
US4006322A (en) * 1975-09-22 1977-02-01 Allis-Chalmers Corporation Auxiliary interlock switch with interchangeable and reversible chisel-shaped contacts and spring biasing mechanism
US4295022A (en) * 1979-03-15 1981-10-13 Gould Inc. Trifurcated arc runner
FR2478867A1 (fr) * 1980-03-24 1981-09-25 Merlin Gerin Disjoncteur rapide limiteur
DE3136354C2 (de) * 1981-09-14 1985-10-17 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Kontaktanordnung für elektrische Schaltgeräte
KR840003135A (ko) * 1982-02-03 1984-08-13 카다야마 히도 하지로 전력 개폐장치
JPS60117546U (ja) * 1984-01-17 1985-08-08 三菱電機株式会社 電磁接触器
DE3480038D1 (en) * 1984-03-31 1989-11-09 Square D Starkstrom Gmbh Switching bridge for electrical switching devices, particularly for contactors
US4922068A (en) * 1988-05-26 1990-05-01 Bangs Edmund R Densified braided switch contact
US6180899B1 (en) * 1999-01-04 2001-01-30 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Semi-bifurcated electrical contacts
US6759612B2 (en) * 2001-09-21 2004-07-06 Siemens Energy & Automation Movable contact and a method of assembling a pusher assembly having a movable contact
DE102010063172A1 (de) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Kontaktanordnung für ein Relais mit zwei Laststrompfaden und einem Querstrompfad und Relais mit Kontaktanordnung
DE102011008834A1 (de) * 2011-01-19 2012-07-19 Abb Ag Installationsschaltgerät
US9842719B2 (en) 2016-02-04 2017-12-12 Cooper Technologies Company Fusible switch disconnect device for DC electrical power system

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US967281A (en) * 1910-02-04 1910-08-16 Gen Electric Magnetic blow-out.
CH100792A (de) * 1922-02-15 1923-08-16 Schaelchlin Walther Abschaltkontakt-Vorrichtung an elektrischen Schaltern.
US2615109A (en) * 1949-12-10 1952-10-21 Gen Electric Zigzag magnetic labyrinth arc muffler
US3106627A (en) * 1960-03-04 1963-10-08 Heinemann Electric Co Circuit breaker with arc chute assembly
US3132225A (en) * 1961-08-23 1964-05-05 Cutler Hammer Inc Electric switch having arcing and current carrying contacts of bridging type

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DE529639C (de) * 1931-07-15 Oerlikon Maschf UEberstromschalter, UEberspannungsableiter o. dgl. mit Hoernerelektroden
DE547335C (de) * 1927-01-22 1932-03-23 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Schalter mit magnetischer Funkenloeschung
DE694353C (de) * 1938-05-17 1940-07-30 Voigt & Haeffner Akt Ges Lichtbogenabreisshorn fuer elektrische Schalter
DE695642C (de) * 1939-01-01 1940-08-29 Voigt & Haeffner Akt Ges Lichtbogenabreisshorn fuer elektrische Schalter
DE911986C (de) * 1950-12-09 1954-05-24 Siemens Ag Schaltkontaktanordnung
US3200225A (en) * 1963-06-03 1965-08-10 Square D Co Articulated reciprocating contact structure
US3272949A (en) * 1964-08-14 1966-09-13 Allen Bradley Co Bifurcated parallel contacts for relay

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US967281A (en) * 1910-02-04 1910-08-16 Gen Electric Magnetic blow-out.
CH100792A (de) * 1922-02-15 1923-08-16 Schaelchlin Walther Abschaltkontakt-Vorrichtung an elektrischen Schaltern.
US2615109A (en) * 1949-12-10 1952-10-21 Gen Electric Zigzag magnetic labyrinth arc muffler
US3106627A (en) * 1960-03-04 1963-10-08 Heinemann Electric Co Circuit breaker with arc chute assembly
US3132225A (en) * 1961-08-23 1964-05-05 Cutler Hammer Inc Electric switch having arcing and current carrying contacts of bridging type

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0212983A2 (fr) * 1985-08-23 1987-03-04 BICC Public Limited Company Interrupteur électrique
EP0212983A3 (fr) * 1985-08-23 1989-05-24 BICC Public Limited Company Interrupteur électrique
CN101322208B (zh) * 2005-12-15 2011-07-06 法雷奥电机设备公司 用于电磁接触器的移动元件和包括该元件的接触器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU48876A1 (fr) 1965-12-20
BE684610A (fr) 1967-01-26
FR89227E (fr) 1967-05-26
DK112456B (da) 1968-12-16
NL6507806A (fr) 1965-12-23
NO116678B (fr) 1969-05-05
GB1151572A (en) 1969-05-07
US3324270A (en) 1967-06-06
DE1262404B (de) 1968-03-07
FR88229E (fr) 1966-07-22
BE665693A (fr) 1965-12-21
DE1590733A1 (de) 1970-10-29
FR1435781A (fr) 1966-04-22
CH443442A (fr) 1967-09-15
GB1104674A (en) 1968-02-28

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