US3406725A - Variable height pile cutting means for double pile fabric looms and the method therefor - Google Patents

Variable height pile cutting means for double pile fabric looms and the method therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3406725A
US3406725A US609867A US60986767A US3406725A US 3406725 A US3406725 A US 3406725A US 609867 A US609867 A US 609867A US 60986767 A US60986767 A US 60986767A US 3406725 A US3406725 A US 3406725A
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pile
knife
race
cutting means
loom
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US609867A
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Hastewell Claude Hubert
Hardcastle Leonard
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G H NORTON AND CO Ltd
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G H NORTON AND CO Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D39/00—Pile-fabric looms
    • D03D39/16—Double-plush looms, i.e. for weaving two pile fabrics face-to-face
    • D03D39/18—Separating the two plush layers, e.g. by cutting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D39/00—Pile-fabric looms
    • D03D39/16—Double-plush looms, i.e. for weaving two pile fabrics face-to-face

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE In a double pile fabric loom in which a face-to-face weaving process is performed a knife reciprocating between the two interconnected woven fabrics to cut the pile yarn, provision is made for producing woven fabrics having varying pile heights by repetitively adjusting the position of the plane of movement of the knife relative to the planes of the two face-to-face fabrics as weaving proceeds.
  • This invention relates to woven pile fabrics or materials and is particularly concerned with looms for the manufacture of woven pile fabrics or materials such as, for example, imitation fur fabrics, carpets, rugs and the like.
  • two pile fabrics or materials are woven face-toface with at least one common pile-forming yarn or filament interconnecting the parallel ground yarns or filaments of said fabrics or materials, cutting means being provided which travels between the face-to-face fabrics or materials to cut the pile yarn or filament and thus produce two face-to-face pile fabrics or materials.
  • the present invention is based on the concept of achieving the desired effect in such a process by making the positive of the travelling cutting means automatically variable relative to the ground yarns or filaments of said fabrics or materials in predetermined manner as weaving proceeds so as to bring about a predetermined variation in the height of the cut pile of the two face-to-face pile fabrics or materials produced.
  • the invention provides, in a weaving loom for carrying out the face-to-face Weaving process as defined above and including cutting means movable between the two woven fabrics or materials transversely of the direction of weaving to cut the pile yarn or filament, adjusting means for automatically im- 3,406,725 Patented Oct. 22, 1968 ice posing on the transverse cutting motion of the cutting means as weaving proceeds a predetermined variation of the position of the cutting means relative to the ground yarns or filaments so as, in operation, to bring about a predetermined variation in the height of the cut pile of the two face-to-face pile fabrics or materials thus produced.
  • the cutting means will, as is often the case in known face-to-face weaving looms, preferably be arranged to cut a single transverse row of the pile yarn or filaments at each of its movements-across and between the woven fabrics or materials, i.e. on each of its strokes, and it will be understood that the height of the pile produced on one of the said fabrics or materials will differ from the height of the pile on the other fabric or material unless, of course, the cutting point of the cutting means lies exactly midway between the two ground yarns or filaments.
  • the position of the cutting means relative to the ground yarns or filaments may if desired be varied during its stroke so as to produce differing pile heights in individual transverse pile rows.
  • suitable programming means such as electronic or mechanical means will be provided to control the variations in position of the cutting means. More simply and in particular to produce an imitation for fabric it may be sufficient to alter the position of the cutting means between strokes thereof so that the pile heights of the two face-to-face fabrics or materials produced at each stroke are constant and vary merely from row to row.
  • the cutting means will have two or more positions relative to the ground yarns or filaments between which it is repetitively movable in operation to provide a corresponding number of different pile heights in each of the face-to-face fabrics or materials.
  • positions may be symmetrically spaced to one side and the other of an imaginary plane of reference lying between and parallel to the planes of the ground yarns or filaments in operation.
  • apparatus may be set up and operated in accordance with the invention to produce cut piles whose heights vary in all manner of patterns.
  • the cutting means has only two positions relative to the ground yarns or filaments of the fabrics or materials which are situated equidistantly one on each side of a plane midway between the planes of the two ground yarns or filaments in operation and the cutting means is arranged to alternate between such two positions.
  • Alternate rows of pile in each of the face-to-face fabrics or materials will therefore be of mutually equal height and the pile rows in each piece of fabric or material will be in turn long and short.
  • the long pile rows in each respective piece will be of the same height as one another, as will the short pile rows.
  • the cutting means in a faceto-face loom usually comprises a knife mounted on a carriage movable along a knife race.
  • the mounting of the race it is possible to adapt the mounting of the race to vary the position of the knife race eg by mounting it for rectilinear or pivotal movement transverse to the plane of weaving, i.e. up and down where the knife race extends horizontally and weaving takes place in a horizontal plane, so as to enable the position of the knife to be varied in the desired manner.
  • the knife itself may be mounted for movement, e.g.
  • such means may take the form of stationary control elements engageable with the knife or its mounting at the end of each stroke thereof to bring about such adjustment either mechanically or electrically, e.g. by some kind of overdead-centre spring control means associated with the knife or by electrically operated solenoid means.
  • Direct or indirect movement of the knife or knives referred to above may be effected in any suitable manner, e.g. mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically, generally depending upon what is most convenient having regard to the particular type of loom to which the invention is to be applied.
  • any suitable manner e.g. mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically, generally depending upon what is most convenient having regard to the particular type of loom to which the invention is to be applied.
  • such movement is effected by hydraulic jack means acting on the race, e.g. in the form of a pair of hydraulic slave cylinders arranged one at each end of the race and controlled by a master cylinder.
  • the primary control for instigating each variation of the position of the cutting means and thus synchronising such variation with the weaving operation of the loom may in suitable cases be taken from some readily accessible part of the loom itself which performs movement related to each successive step in the forward motion of the woven product in operation, i.e. related to the formation of each successive row of the pile.
  • control may be effected by programming means not forming an essential part of the loom but whose operation is synchronised therewith.
  • the said adjusting means is arranged repetitively to vary the position of the knife race to adjust the position of a single knife by hydraulic jack means acting on the knife race, the operation of such jack means may conveniently be controlled by rotary cam means driven by the loom mechanism.
  • operation of the hydraulic jack means to effect lifting and lowering of the knife race is effected by a first rotary cam, a mechanical linkage being provided between the said first rotary cam and the said hydraulic jack means, and means for rendering such linkage alternately operative and inoperative so as to control the frequency of lifting and lowering of the said knife race.
  • the said means acting on the said linkage may then be controlled by a second rotary cam.
  • the above mentioned linkage includes a lever adapted to be rotated above a first axis by the said first rotary cam to operate the said master cylinder to lift the knife race, releasable locking means arranged automatically to maintain such lever in its master cylinder operating position when it is moved thereto by said first rotary cam, said second rotary cam being arranged repetitively to release said locking means and to cause said lever to be rotatable about a second axis whereby the knife race is lowered and operation of the master cylinder by said lever is temporarily prevented.
  • the said first rotary cam is driven in rotation by the low shaft of the loom
  • a loom embodying the invention may easily be set to produce any desired pattern ofpile heights by suitable choice of the configuration ofthe rotary cams referred to above and/or of their rate of rotation, which latter feature of the cam operation may be adjusted by suitable choice of gearing through which the cams are-driven or by mounting the cams on different rotary parts of the loom which rotate at varying rates relative to the forward movement of the woven product in operation.
  • the apparatus may also include means whereby the positions to which the cutting means is repetitively adjusted in operation may be varied without difliculty so as to set up the apparatus to produce various desired pile heights.
  • a facility may be provided by the provision of appropriate meansfor varying the working strokes of the said hydraulic cylinders.
  • the invention is by no means limited to the provision of means for adjusting the position of the cutting means after every successive cutting stroke thereof or, indeed, in a manner to cut each pile row in a different position from the previous one.
  • the position of the cutting means may be so controlled as to effect the cutting of a number of successive pile rows in the same position if desired, followed by adjustment of the cutting means to a new position; it will, in fact, be understood that the apparatus may be set to operate automatically in very many different ways depending upon the desired characteristics of the pile in the finished prodnot.
  • the invention also extends to a method of producing a woven pile fabric or material having a pile of different heights, by operating the face-to-face weaving process as hereinbefore defined in a weaving loom including cutting means movable between the two woven fabrics or materials transversely of the direction of weaving to cut the pile yarn or filament, such method comprising automatically imposing on the transverse cutting motion of the cutting means as weaving proceeds a predetermined variation of the position of the cutting means relative to the ground yarns or filaments so as, in operation, to bring about a predetermined variation in the height of the cut pile of the two face-to-face pile fabrics or materials thus produced.
  • the invention further extends to a woven pile fabric or material having a pile of different heights, when produced by the method set forth above.
  • FIGURE 1 is a view in elevation, looking from the downstream end of the loom, of the knife race and its supports, with the central part of the race removed;
  • FIGURE 2 is a diagrammatic side elevation of the loom, looking from the left-hand side thereof relative to the FIG. 1 illustration;
  • FIGURE 3 is an enlarged side elevation of part of the loom as seen in FIG. 2, showing the elements of the knife race adjusting mechanism in a first condition of adjustment;
  • FIGURE 4 is a View similar to FIG. 3 but showing such mechanism in a second condition of adjustment.
  • FIGURE 5 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view illustrating the manner in which the two woven pile products are separated by the cutting means.
  • the invention is applied to a faceto-face weaving loom of a kind in which the normally fixedly mounted knife race may conveniently be adapted for vertical reciprocating movement.
  • the invention is applied in its simplest form, to vary the position of the single knife relative to the ground yarns or filaments of the woven fabrics or materials between an upper and a lower level spaced equidistantly above and below a plane midway between and parallel to the planes of the upper and lower ground yarns or filaments.
  • the effect of the apparatus of the invention is to cause a knife race 1 carrying a knife carriage 2 mounting a knife blade 4 to be reciprocated vertically between a lower position shown in full lines and an upper position shown in dashed lines.
  • a cutting stroke of the knife with the race in its lower position will clearly produce a transverse pile row 50 having a short pile in the lower fabric or material 51, whose ground yarn or filament is indicated at 52, and a transverse pile row 53 having a long pile in the upper fabric or material 54 whose ground yarn or filament is indicated at 55.
  • Subsequent movement of the race to its upper position will clearly have the opposite effect, so that a predeterminable series of rows of long and short pile will be produced in each piece of fabric or material.
  • the knife race 1 has the knife carriage 2 reciprocable back and forth along it by means of an endless rope which runs over a reciprocating drive pulley 3 at each end of the race; each run of the knife carriage 2 in each direction constitutes a pile cutting stroke.
  • Upper and lower honing stones (not shown) between which the knife blade 4 (FIGS. 2 to 5) passes during each stroke are, as usual, provided in association with the knife race and are secured to the same to move up and down with it.
  • the knife race is mounted adjacent each of its ends on a vertical pillar 5 carrying a horizontal cross-bar 6 at its top secured to the underside of the race 1, such pillars 5 being vertically slidable in fixed sleeves 7 mounted on two of the main frame members 8 of the loom.
  • Compression springs 10 bias the slave cylinder-s to their rest conditions and act to prevent the knife race bouncing; a heavy tension spring 11 connected between the race and a fixed part of the loom frame also biases the race downwardly.
  • the said slave cylinders 9 are controlled by a master cylinder 12 which is actuated in a manner now to be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • the master cylinder 12 is provided with an operating rod 13 inward movement of which, i.e. as indicated by the arrow A in FIG. 3, operates the master cylinder and the slave cylinders 9 to lift the knife race to its upper position shown in dashed lines in FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • Such inward operative movement of the rod 13 is brought about by way of a main operating lever 14.
  • the lower end of the lever 14, which carries a trunnion 15 entrapped in a slideway 16 is secured for pivotal movement of the lever about the axis of its trunnion, the trunnion being held at the right-hand end of the slideway 16 by a pivotally mounted locking dog 17. Pivotal movement of the lever 14 clockwise as seen in FIG. 3 will clearly move the rod 13 to the right to operate the master cylinder 12.
  • Such movement of the lever 14 is brought about by the action of a first rotary cam 18 on a cam follower roller 19 mounted on the lever, the lever being biassed against such cam by a tension spring 20 acting on its lower extremity.
  • the cam 18 is keyed on the low shaft 21 of the loom.
  • the lever 14 is in the process of its movement to the right to operate the master cylinder.
  • the lever is automatically locked in its operative position by a locking arm 22 freely pivotally mounted on a fixed upright 23, which locking arm is slidable in a slot formed in the upper end of the lever and drops into its position shown in dashed lines to lock the lever in its said operative position.
  • Further mechanism is provided for periodically releasing the lever 14 for return movement to the left as seen in FIGS. 3 and 4 under the influence of the spring 20, so as to cause the knife race to be lowered.
  • Such mechanism comprises a release shaft 24 mounted on one end of a double-armed lever 25 biased in the anticlockwise sense by a tension spring 26 secured to the loom frame.
  • the release shaft 24 has two compression springs 27 and 28 mounted thereon, the spring 27 engaging under the locking dog 17 and the spring 28 under the locking arm 22. It will thus be seen that upward movement of the release shaft 24 will cause the dog 17 to be lifted to free the trunnion 15 at the lower end of the lever 14 for movement along the slideway 16, and the arm 22 also to be lifted to free the upper end of the lever 14 for movement to the left.
  • FIG. 4 shows the dog 17 and the arm 22 in their raised positions.
  • Rotation of the double-armed lever 25 to raise and lower the release shaft 24 is controlled by a second rotary cam 29.
  • Such cam is driven in rotation via reduction gears 30 and 31 from the shedding tappet box shaft 32 of the loom; the shedding tappet box of the loom, which is generally indicated at 33 in FIG. 2, is a conventional part of the loom mechanism by which the structure of the woven fabric or material is determined.
  • the cam 29 actuates a rocker arm 34 via a cam follower roller 35, the rocker arm being linked to the left hand end of the doublearmed lever 25 and thereby biased downwardly by the action of the spring 26 so as to maintain the roller 35 in engagement with the cam 29.
  • the knife race will be continuously raised and lowered as weaving proceeds.
  • the frequency with which the race is raised and lowered relative to the rate of production of transverse pile rows in the loom will, of course, depend on the rate of rotation and the particular synchronization of the two cams 18 and 29, and will be set in dependence on the effect which it is desired to produce in the finished fabric or material.
  • the mechanism could if desired be set to produce alternate long and short pile rows in each of the finished fabrics or materials, by causing the knife race to be raised or lowered between each pick of the loom, i.e. at the same rate as the rate of production of transverse pile rows.
  • the knife race may be caused to be held in its raised and/or lowered position each time for more than one pick of the loom whereby a corresponding number of transverse pile rows will be cut without the knife race altering its position. It is not, of course, an essential feature of the apparatus that the knife race should be held in its upper position for the same number of picks of the loom as it is held in its lower position during each cycle; in'this way the numerical relationship of long and short pile rows may be made to ditfer in the two woven fabrics or materials which are produced.
  • the rate of rotation of -the cams 18 and 29 may be adjusted by suitable choice of driving gears therefor; the cam 18 may of course be driven through gears if desired, as is the cam 29. Also different rates of rotation of such cam may be achieved by driving them from parts of the loom mechanism other than the low shaft and the shedding tappet box shaft respectively; the latter members are thus only two examples of parts of the loom mechanism from which rotation may be imparted to the cams.
  • the invention is applicable in a simple robust and versatile manner to known looms. Moreover this invention removes a necessity for reliance to be placed on special methods to control shrinkage or for any other special finishing processes specifically for the purpose of bringing about a contrast in pile length. It neither requires nor precludes the use of yarns or filaments with specific shrinkage characteristics which may otherwise be suitable and any normal shrinkage which may take place during the normal finishing processes appropriate to pile fabrics is in no way detrimental to fabrics produced by this method.
  • adjusting means for automatically imposing on the transverse cutting motion of the cutting means as weaving proceeds a predetermined variation of the position of the cutting means relative to the ground material so as, in operation, to bring about a predetermined variation in the height of the cut pile material of the two faceto-face pile fabrics produced.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 including means for actuating said adjusting means between transverse cutting movement of said cutting means; said cutting means cutting a single transverse row of pile material during each cutting movement.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein said means for actuating said adjusting means comprises loom mechanism operable in synchronism with the weaving of successive pile rows.
  • said adjusting means comprises hydraulic motor means drivingly connected to said knife race.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 9 including rotary cam means driven by said loom for controlling the operation of said master cylinder device.
  • said rotary cam means comprises a first rotary cam for effecting operation of said motor means to lift and lower said knife race; a mechanical linkage drivingly connecting said first rotary cam to said master cylinder device; and
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 11 including a second rotary cam comprising said means for rendering said linkage operative and inoperative.
  • the said mechanical linkage includes a lever pivotally mounted for rotation about a first axis by the said first rotary cam to operate the said master cylinder device to lift the knife race, and releasable locking means arranged to automatically maintain said lever in its master cylinder operating position when it is moved thereto by said first rotary cam, said second rotary cam being arranged to repetitively release said locking means and to cause said lever to be moved away from said master cylinder device whereby the knife race is lowered and operation of said master cylinder device by said lever is temporarily prevented.
  • a method of producing a woven pile fabric having a pile of different heights by performing a face-to-face weaving process to produce face-to-face pile fabrics having ground material and pile material, such process being carried out in a loom including cutting means movable between the two woven fabrics transversely of the direction of weaving to cut the pile material, such method comprising automatically imposing on the transverse cutting motion of the cutting means, as weaving proceeds, a predetermined variation of the position of the cutting means relative to the ground materials so as to bring about a predetermined variation in theheight 0f the cut pile of the two face-to-face pile fabrics produced.

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US609867A 1966-01-18 1967-01-17 Variable height pile cutting means for double pile fabric looms and the method therefor Expired - Lifetime US3406725A (en)

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GB2371/66A GB1127341A (en) 1966-01-18 1966-01-18 Improvements in or relating to woven pile products and the weaving thereof

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US3406725A true US3406725A (en) 1968-10-22

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BE (1) BE692794A (de)
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4892120A (en) * 1987-10-10 1990-01-09 N.V. Michael Van de Weile Apparatus for regulating the jaw of the cutting rails in face-to-face weaving looms
EP2135983A1 (de) * 2008-05-22 2009-12-23 NV Michel van de Wiele Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Schnittpolgewebes mit variabler Polhöhe
US20180073171A1 (en) * 2015-03-12 2018-03-15 Nv Michel Van De Wiele Adjustment of the mutual position of the latitudinal parts of a fabric guiding device
CN115198427A (zh) * 2022-09-13 2022-10-18 苏州力致高性能纤维预制体产业研究院有限公司 一种机上花式割绒装置、割绒方法及三维特种织机

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2493355A1 (fr) * 1980-11-04 1982-05-07 Avrin Bernard Dispositif de controle des variations de hauteur de poils de velours

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1520274A (en) * 1923-01-25 1924-12-23 Sanford Mills Double-pile-fabric loom
US3187779A (en) * 1962-12-20 1965-06-08 Lees & Sons Co James Variable height pile cutting apparatus in axminster looms

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1520274A (en) * 1923-01-25 1924-12-23 Sanford Mills Double-pile-fabric loom
US3187779A (en) * 1962-12-20 1965-06-08 Lees & Sons Co James Variable height pile cutting apparatus in axminster looms

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4892120A (en) * 1987-10-10 1990-01-09 N.V. Michael Van de Weile Apparatus for regulating the jaw of the cutting rails in face-to-face weaving looms
EP2135983A1 (de) * 2008-05-22 2009-12-23 NV Michel van de Wiele Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Schnittpolgewebes mit variabler Polhöhe
BE1018157A3 (nl) * 2008-05-22 2010-06-01 Wiele Michel Van De Nv Wekwijze en inrichting voor het vervaardigen van weefsels met gesneden pool met variabele poolhoogte.
US20180073171A1 (en) * 2015-03-12 2018-03-15 Nv Michel Van De Wiele Adjustment of the mutual position of the latitudinal parts of a fabric guiding device
CN115198427A (zh) * 2022-09-13 2022-10-18 苏州力致高性能纤维预制体产业研究院有限公司 一种机上花式割绒装置、割绒方法及三维特种织机
CN115198427B (zh) * 2022-09-13 2023-01-06 苏州力致高性能纤维预制体产业研究院有限公司 一种机上花式割绒装置、割绒方法及三维特种织机

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GB1127341A (en) 1968-09-18
BE692794A (de) 1967-07-18
DE1710395A1 (de) 1971-11-18

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