US3406137A - Imaging material - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3406137A
US3406137A US451960A US45196065A US3406137A US 3406137 A US3406137 A US 3406137A US 451960 A US451960 A US 451960A US 45196065 A US45196065 A US 45196065A US 3406137 A US3406137 A US 3406137A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
ink
weight
parts
wax
copies
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US451960A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jack H Terry
Herbert N Johnston
Rexford W Jones
Helmuth O Schoen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Priority to US451960A priority Critical patent/US3406137A/en
Priority to GB17935/66A priority patent/GB1149055A/en
Priority to SE05660/66A priority patent/SE336860B/xx
Priority to DE1571874A priority patent/DE1571874C3/de
Priority to FR59334A priority patent/FR1477912A/fr
Priority to BE680375D priority patent/BE680375A/xx
Priority to NL666605867A priority patent/NL147769B/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3406137A publication Critical patent/US3406137A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/025—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet
    • B41M5/03—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by transferring ink from the master sheet by pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/10—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by using carbon paper or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C08G77/20—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/70—Siloxanes defined by use of the MDTQ nomenclature

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an image pressure transfer duplicating technique and, more particularly, to an ink formulation adapted for use therein.
  • duplicating techniques such as spirit duplicating, mimeograph, offset and the like. Although some of these techniques produce copies which are vastly superior to carbon copies, they are somewhat more expensive than the use of carbon paper for short runs, sometimes involve messy liquids, and require the typing of a separate master apart from the original.
  • duplicating techniques which utilize a master are capable of producing copies at a relatively low cost which is even competitive with carbon copies when a large number of copies are reproduced, the time required and cost of materials involved in producing a master with these processes requires that the master making cost be amortized over a large number of copies.
  • present day duplicating techniques require a fairly large capital investment in equipment while no such investment is required in making carbon copies. Accordingly, these techniques become prohibitive in cost if they are used to produce less than about twenty copies.
  • an extremely simple duplicating process for making copies from an original directly by pressure transfer involves typing the original with a ribbon bearing an ink which is specially adapted to the process, placing the original in face-to-face contact with a transfer sheet and pressing the two together as with a pair of rollers so as to transfer a portion of the original ink to the transfer sheet. After separation of the transfer sheet and original, which leaves a portion of the original ink on each of these two members, the ink transfer sheet is pressed in face-to-face contact with the copy sheets so as to transfer a portion of the ink on the master to each of these copy sheets and form a rightreading duplicate of the original on them.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel ink formulation adapted for use in pressure transfer imaging.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide an ink adapted for use in a pressure transfer process whereby increased transferability of the image is accomplished.
  • Another still further object of this invention is to provide a novel process for making an ink formulation adapted for pressure transfer.
  • Yet another object of this invention is to provide an ink formulation whereby the number of images transferred in a given pressure transfer process is significantly increased.
  • Yet still another further object of this invention is to provide an ink formulation for pressure transfer capable of producing a high number of copies of good quality.
  • pigments are of difierent sizes and are used in ratios to provide maximum packing density which gives better density and more smudge resistance. Too much pigment results in lower resolution and increased smudging. On the other hand, if too little pigment is used, the proper density cannot be maintained.
  • Any suitable pigment material may be used depending upon the eifect and color desired. Typical pigments are carbon black, black and red iron oxide of the magnetic and non-magnetic types, chromium oxide, chrome yellow and green, toluidine red toner, phthalocyanine, molybdates and iron blues, zinc powder, bronze powder, aluminum powder, and mixtures thereof. Fillers such as barium sulfate and graphite flour can also be used and are comprehended within the term pigments.
  • wax soluble or wax dispersible dyes in the ink formulation increases uniformity, since the dye colors areas inside of the characters which may be coated only with clear wax or other portions of the ink vehicle. Selective balancing of the amounts of Waxoline blue and Waxoline black is important since undesirable coloring and bleeding results if the portions deviate from that used in the formula above.
  • Any suitable dye in lieu of or in addition to the waxolines mentioned above, may be used in the ink formulation.
  • Typical wax soluble dyes are Victoria blue (C H N HCl), Methyl Violet (methylrosaniline chloride), Nigrosine Base NB and mixtures thereof.
  • a combination of waxes, a silicone such as dimethylpolysiloxane gum and adhesive resin provides a vehicle or binder with the desired rheological properties for the ink formulation.
  • the waxes, resin and silicone form an incompatible but uniform and homogeneous mixutre that fractures easily without spreading under high rates of shear and yet permits partial transfer under low rates of shear.
  • initial transfer of almost the whole ink layer is normally by a high shear rate typing action and subsequent partial transfers are by a low shear rate roller action, the necessity of the foregoing characteristics becomes apparent.
  • the ability of the ink to fracture and almost wholly transfer under high shear rates without spreading and flow under low shear rates hereinafter will be referred to as its dilatancy.
  • Suitable wax materials in sufiicient quantity provide an excellent dispersing medium for the pigment particles. As the softer wax, beesway plasticizes the harder microcrystalline Wax thereby enhancing the transferability desired.
  • Other suitable waxes may be substituted for the microcrystalline wax and beeswax in the formulation above. Typical waxes are parafiin, ouricoury wax, polyethylene wax mixtures, candelilla wax, hard microcrystalline wax which is mixed with plasticizers, such as, mixed cresyl diphenyl phosphates and mixtures thereof.
  • an adhesive resin reduces smudging by improving the oveall cohesion of the ink formulation.
  • Any suitable adhesive resin may be used.
  • Typical adhesive resins are polystyrene, styrene-butad-iene, polyethylene, polyvinylacetate, polyterpenes such as those made from pinenes, chlorinated rubber, tall oil rosin, and mixtures thereof.
  • the silicone gum used in the formula is a clear viscous dimethylpolysiloxane gum with a plasticity number ranging from to 120, as measured with the Williams plasticity number test, ASTM, -D-926, room temperature for 3 minutes. It should be noted that the incompatibility between the silicone gum and the other materials in the binder, i.e., waxes and resin, is a key factor in achieving the desired rheological properties mentioned above. Any suitable polysiloxane having a viscosity greater than about 30,000 centistokes may be employed whether it is a highly viscous liquid or a solid. Typical polysiloxanes include dimethyl, methyl vinyl, methyl phony], etc. of various molecular weights.
  • silicone gum is dissolved in xylene.
  • the dyes are then melted together with the waxes and resin by heating them to about 250 F. for approximately twenty minutes.
  • the solution of silicone gum is added to the foregoing melted mass and ground in a ball mill for about one hour.
  • the dry pigments are mixed in a roller mill for about one hour and the resulting mixture is added to the foregoing mixture and milled until the pigment is well wetted.
  • the ink formulation is then coated onto a substrate or ribbon with a wire wound rod after which the xylene is driven off by heat.
  • Suitable coatings range from 2.4-11 lbs/ream in which 500 sheets (20" x 30") make up a ream.
  • Suitable substrates for the ink are Mylar (polyethylene terephthalate), paper, polyethylene, polypropylene, Nylon 66 (hexamethylene adipamide), cellulose acetate, Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene), cellophane, rubber sheeting, tissue paper and typewriter ribbon paper. Good results have been obtained with a substrate thickness varying from .25 to 1 mil.
  • the ink of this invention has been designed primarily for use in the specific duplicating technique described supra its good properties recommend it for other uses involving transfer imaging.
  • a suitable inked strip is placed into an automatic typewriter and typed onto bond paper. After removal from the typewriter, the original image is partially transferred to a sheet of commercial wax paper (Freshrap) by insertion between steel rollers at a pressure of 200 lbs. per lineal inch. The transfer sheet is then used for making copies in the same pressure device.
  • This ink formulation gives a dense original, a somewhat fuzzy transfer sheet, and about 3 to 5 legible, but less dense, copies with a drastic drop in density after the third copy.
  • Example II Three more tests are run in the same manner as Example I but with modifications in the ink formulation including the use of (2) a harder microcrystalline wax, (3) carnauba wax and (4) increased amounts of carbon black. Formulations 2-4 did not show any significant improvements over the ink formulation used in Example I.
  • EXAMPLE V An ink formulation is made with iron oxide in the pigment as follows:
  • octadecane 70, octadecane 5) 2 8 Victoria Blue BOC 1.8
  • Copies produced in the manner described in Example I are very fuzzy and illegible after about the fourth copy. Also, it is noted that there is a tendency for the copies to smudge easily.
  • EXAMPLE VI The same test is made with an ink formulation that has the same ingredients as are used in Example VI except three high viscosity dimethyl polysiloxane oils (viscosi-ties 30,000, 60,000 and 100,000 centistokes) are substituted for the silicone gum, in Examples VII-IX, while a methyl vinyl polysiloxane and a methyl phenyl polysiloxane are used in Examples X and XI. Almost as many copies are produced in all instances as in Example V1 with only a slight decrease in density. There is also seen to be an increase in smudging as the viscosity of the oils decreases.
  • a pressure transfer ink comprising from about 33 to about 72 parts by weight of pigment dispersed in a binder, said binder comprising from about 3 to about 11 parts by weight of wax, from about 3 to about 10 parts by weight of an adhesive resin selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, styrene-butadiene, polyethylene, polyvinylacetate, poly-terpenes, chlorinated rubber, tall oil rosin, and mixtures thereof and from 25 to about 50 parts by weight of a high molecular weight polysiloxane having a viscosity of about at least 30,000 centistokes which is incompatible with said wax and said adhesive resin.
  • an adhesive resin selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, styrene-butadiene, polyethylene, polyvinylacetate, poly-terpenes, chlorinated rubber, tall oil rosin, and mixtures thereof and from 25 to about 50 parts by weight of a high molecular weight polysiloxane having a
  • a pressure transfer ink according to claim 1 further including from about 1 to about 10 parts by weight of dye which is soluble in at least one component of said binder.
  • a pressure transfer ink comprising from about 33 to about 72 parts by weight of pigment dispersed in a binder, said binder comprising from about 25 to about 50 parts by weight of a polysiloxane gum, from about 3 to about 10 parts by weight of an adhesive resin, from about 1 to about 4 parts by weight of beeswax, from about 2 to about 7 parts by weight of microcrystalline wax, and from about 1 to about 10 parts by weight of at least one wax soluble dye.
  • a method of making a transfer ink comprising dissolving from about 25 to about 50 parts by weight of a polysiloxane in an organic solvent, blending a hot melt of from about 3 to about 10 parts by weight of an adhesive thermoplastic resin, from about 1 to about 4 parts by weight of beeswax and from about 2 to about 7 parts by weight of a microcrystalline wax with from about 1 to about 10 parts by weight of wax soluble dye, combining said polysiloxane solution with said hot melt and blending the two together and adding from about 33 to about 72 parts by weight of pigment thereto and mixing until the pigment is well wetted therein.
  • a pressure transfer ink comprising from about 15 to about 40 parts by weight of iron oxide, from about 15 to about 25 parts by weight of carbon black, from about 3 to about 7 parts by weight of coal fines, from about 2 to about 10 parts by weight of wax soluble dye, from about 2 to about 7 parts by weight of microcrystalline wax, from about 1 to about 4 parts by weight of beeswax, from about 3 to about 10' parts by weight polystyrene, and from about 25 to about 50 parts by weight of polysiloxane.
  • a pressure transfer ink comprising about 26 parts by weight of iron oxide, about 21 parts by weight of carbon black, about 5 parts by weight of coal fines, about 10 parts by weight of wax soluble dye, about 5 parts by 3,262,806 7/1966 Gourge 106-31 X weight of microcrystalline wax, about 2 parts by weight of beeswax, 'about 8 parts by weight of polystyrene, and 2,519,321 3 1950 Newman 105.31 about 30 parts by weight of polysiloxane. 55 7 12/1958 Hart 0 References Cited 5 JAMES A. SEIDLECK, Primary Examiner. UNITED STATES PATENTS J. B. EVANS, Assistant Examiner.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
  • Duplication Or Marking (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
US451960A 1965-04-29 1965-04-29 Imaging material Expired - Lifetime US3406137A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US451960A US3406137A (en) 1965-04-29 1965-04-29 Imaging material
GB17935/66A GB1149055A (en) 1965-04-29 1966-04-25 Pressure transfer inks
SE05660/66A SE336860B (enrdf_load_html_response) 1965-04-29 1966-04-26
DE1571874A DE1571874C3 (de) 1965-04-29 1966-04-26 Farbmasse für Druckübertragungsmaterialien
FR59334A FR1477912A (fr) 1965-04-29 1966-04-27 Encre pour report sous pression et procédé de reproduction au moyen de cette encre
BE680375D BE680375A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1965-04-29 1966-04-29
NL666605867A NL147769B (nl) 1965-04-29 1966-04-29 Werkwijze ter bereiding van een door druk overdraagbare inkt.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US451960A US3406137A (en) 1965-04-29 1965-04-29 Imaging material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3406137A true US3406137A (en) 1968-10-15

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ID=23794431

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US451960A Expired - Lifetime US3406137A (en) 1965-04-29 1965-04-29 Imaging material

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US (1) US3406137A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE680375A (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE1571874C3 (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1149055A (enrdf_load_html_response)
NL (1) NL147769B (enrdf_load_html_response)
SE (1) SE336860B (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3944695A (en) * 1972-08-12 1976-03-16 Toyo Soda Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Heat printing sheet
US4046505A (en) * 1968-04-08 1977-09-06 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Post dyeing resin particles fixed to resin base
US4218251A (en) * 1978-08-24 1980-08-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Driographic ink
US4304601A (en) * 1975-06-04 1981-12-08 Mallinckrodt, Inc. Planographic printing ink
US4403550A (en) * 1979-08-23 1983-09-13 Ppg Industries, Inc. Process for planographic printing
US4604139A (en) * 1982-02-02 1986-08-05 Sakura Color Products Corp. Dual color ink composition
US4657591A (en) * 1983-03-18 1987-04-14 Sakura Color Products Corp. Ink composition
US4903599A (en) * 1981-10-10 1990-02-27 Basf Farben & Fasern Akg. Printed products and a process for their manufacture
US5345254A (en) * 1991-05-16 1994-09-06 Xerox Corporation Ink jet printing process
US6561713B2 (en) 1999-10-12 2003-05-13 Dri Mark Products, Inc. Metallic ink composition for wick type writing instruments

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH674989A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1988-09-05 1990-08-15 Sicpa Holding Sa

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2519321A (en) * 1946-03-18 1950-08-15 Columbias Ribbon And Carbon Mf Transfer ink
US2866711A (en) * 1956-03-30 1958-12-30 Moore Business Forms Inc Carbon paper inks and method for making same
US3016308A (en) * 1957-08-06 1962-01-09 Moore Business Forms Inc Recording paper coated with microscopic capsules of coloring material, capsules and method of making
US3262806A (en) * 1961-12-16 1966-07-26 Azoplate Corp Three component magnetic developer for electrophotographic purposes and method for using it

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2519321A (en) * 1946-03-18 1950-08-15 Columbias Ribbon And Carbon Mf Transfer ink
US2866711A (en) * 1956-03-30 1958-12-30 Moore Business Forms Inc Carbon paper inks and method for making same
US3016308A (en) * 1957-08-06 1962-01-09 Moore Business Forms Inc Recording paper coated with microscopic capsules of coloring material, capsules and method of making
US3262806A (en) * 1961-12-16 1966-07-26 Azoplate Corp Three component magnetic developer for electrophotographic purposes and method for using it

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4046505A (en) * 1968-04-08 1977-09-06 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Post dyeing resin particles fixed to resin base
US3944695A (en) * 1972-08-12 1976-03-16 Toyo Soda Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Heat printing sheet
US4304601A (en) * 1975-06-04 1981-12-08 Mallinckrodt, Inc. Planographic printing ink
US4218251A (en) * 1978-08-24 1980-08-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Driographic ink
US4403550A (en) * 1979-08-23 1983-09-13 Ppg Industries, Inc. Process for planographic printing
US4903599A (en) * 1981-10-10 1990-02-27 Basf Farben & Fasern Akg. Printed products and a process for their manufacture
US4604139A (en) * 1982-02-02 1986-08-05 Sakura Color Products Corp. Dual color ink composition
US4657591A (en) * 1983-03-18 1987-04-14 Sakura Color Products Corp. Ink composition
US5345254A (en) * 1991-05-16 1994-09-06 Xerox Corporation Ink jet printing process
US6561713B2 (en) 1999-10-12 2003-05-13 Dri Mark Products, Inc. Metallic ink composition for wick type writing instruments

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1571874C3 (de) 1973-10-18
GB1149055A (en) 1969-04-16
BE680375A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1966-10-03
DE1571874B2 (de) 1973-03-08
SE336860B (enrdf_load_html_response) 1971-07-19
NL147769B (nl) 1975-11-17
DE1571874A1 (de) 1970-08-13
NL6605867A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1966-10-31

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