US3402700A - Structural panel for a steam generator - Google Patents

Structural panel for a steam generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3402700A
US3402700A US5671333A US67133366A US3402700A US 3402700 A US3402700 A US 3402700A US 5671333 A US5671333 A US 5671333A US 67133366 A US67133366 A US 67133366A US 3402700 A US3402700 A US 3402700A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
panel
panels
steam generator
walls
areal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US5671333A
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English (en)
Inventor
Brunner Alfred
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sulzer AG filed Critical Sulzer AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3402700A publication Critical patent/US3402700A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/36—Arrangements for sheathing or casing boilers
    • F22B37/365—Casings of metal sheets, e.g. expansion plates, expansible joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/40—Applications of laminates for particular packaging purposes
    • B65D65/403—Applications of laminates for particular packaging purposes with at least one corrugated layer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B7/00—Steam boilers of furnace-tube type, i.e. the combustion of fuel being performed inside one or more furnace tubes built-in in the boiler body
    • F22B7/16—Component parts thereof; Accessories therefor, e.g. stay-bolt connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3444—Corrugated sheets
    • E04C2002/345—Corrugated sheets with triangular corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3444—Corrugated sheets
    • E04C2002/3466—Corrugated sheets with sinusoidal corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3472—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets with multiple layers of profiled spacer sheets

Definitions

  • the panels are disposed about the chamber walls of the .steam generator in order to support the walls against outward bulging under the forces generated in the interior of the chamber.
  • the tie bars maintain the panels in position about the chamber.
  • the panels can also have parallelogram surfaces which are formed with pectinated free edges in order to damp sound vibration.
  • This invention relates to a structural panel. More particularly, this invention relates to a thermally stressed wa'll constructed with structural panels.
  • the chambers of a steam generator have been lined with walls constructed of tubes which are used to carry a heated working medium. Since the pressures acting on such tube Walls are generally greater on the inside than the outside, the tube walls have been supported circumferentially by a system of girders which are tied together so as to resist the outward expansion forces imposed on the tube walls.
  • the portions of the tube walls between adjacent girders have been left in an unsupported condition due to a spacing between these girders. Because of this, these unsupported portions have been subjected to localized'bending forces from the pressure within the steam generator chamber. In addition, these unsupported portions of the tubes have been subjected to localized thermal stresses from the heated working medium flowing through the tubes. Thus, in many instances, since the superposition of these bending forces and thermal stresses would otherwise result in a total stress which exceeds the maximum strength of the tube portions, either the walls of the tube portions have been made thicker or the temperature of the heated flow medium has been reduced in order to withstand or reduce the superimposed bending forces and thermal stresses. However, in the case of using a thicker wall in the tubes, the total weight of the tube walls has'become greater. Also, in the case of reducing the temperature of the heated flow medium, the capacity and efficiency of the steam generator have been reduced.
  • the girders which have been used to support and restrain the tubular walls have required relatively large spaces outside the useful working space of the tube walls of the steam generator.
  • the overall space requirements of the steam generators have been relatively substantial.
  • the girder systems have become prohibitively heavy and massive.
  • the invention provides a steam generator having chamber walls formed of interconnected heat carrying tubes with an enclosure for the walls formed of structural panels.
  • the structural panels are disposed to the exterior of the chamber walls so as to support the walls against outward bulging or buckling.
  • the panels are formed of a minimal total thickness so as to function within a limited space such that for a given steam generator output, a smaller overall space is occupied as compared to the heretofore steam generator structures.
  • the panels are extended across substantially the entire exterior surface of the chamber walls so as to support all the surface of the chamber walls.
  • the panels are made of materials in a manner such that the overall weight of the panels in the steam generator installation is maintained as a minimum.
  • the structural panel of the invention is composed of at least one areal structure sandwiched between a pair of flat sheets.
  • the areal structure is formed by skewed parallelogram surfaces inclined relative to a plane parallel to the areal structure. Because of this structure the structural panels possess the properties of a spatial lattice thereby allowing the panels to have a wide range of application. For example, since the structural panels have a good load-supporting capacity as well as a simplicity of design which permits easy fabrication, the panels are useful as structural panels in building construction and carpentry. In addition, the panels provide good sound and/or heat insulating properties.
  • the panel of the invention is suitable as a packaging material since it combines adequate stability with a relatively low weight, especially When made of plastics or board. Also, the panels of the invention may be used in the construction of steam generators to serve as plane surface walls in supercharged boilers.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a View taken on line A-B of FIG. 2 of a first embodiment of a panel according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a view taken on line C-D of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a diagrammatic view of a steam generator in which panels of the invention are employed as a covering
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the disposition of the panels on a combustion chamber wall of the steam generator of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a view taken on line K-L of FIG. 4
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a modification of the panel of the invention
  • FIG. 7 illustrates another modification of the panel of the invention
  • FIG. 8 illustrates another modification of the panel of the invention
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a view taken on line E-F of FIG. 10 of an embodiment modified relative to the modified panel of FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a view taken on line GH of FIG. 9 rotated through in the drawing plane.
  • the panel 1 consists of two plane sheets 2 and 3 between which an areal structure 4 is disposed which is permanently connected with the sheets 2 and 3, for example, by means of welding, brazing or glueing.
  • the areal structure 4 consists of skewed parallelogram surfaces 5 which are inclined relative to each other and relative to a plane disposed parallel to the areal structure.
  • Two adjacent parallelogram surfaces 5 abut in the plane of intersection C-D at an edge 6 which is inclined at an angle ,6 (FIG. 2) relative to the plane extending in parallel to the areal structure and amounting to 45.
  • the parallelogram surface may have an acute angle 7 of 52 and an obtuse angle 6 of 128. These two angles are not directly indicated in FIG.
  • the panel 1 because the surfaces 5 are not disposed in the drawing plane.
  • the two angles 7 and 6 result in a conjoint angle a which in this case amounts to approximately 60.
  • the panel 1 is suitable for absorbing bending moments, point loads, and loads which are uniformly distributed over the panel surface.
  • a plurality of panels 1 are secured to the sides of a steam generator 29 in which combustion takes place in a combustion chamber at positive pressure; the steam generator therefore being a supercharged boiler.
  • the combustion chamber of the steam generator 29 is suspended on a supporting frame 30 (FIG. 3) by means of supporting rods or supporting pipes 31 through which the working medium of the generator flows.
  • the combustion chamber is bounded by pipes 32 which iii are closely welded to each other, preferably via the fins or connecting webs 33 (FIGS. 4 and 5) disposed between the individual pipes.
  • Ties 34 which extend in parabola form over each of the walls of the combustion chamber and which are preferably connected with each pipe 32, for example by welding, are provided on the side of the combustion chamber pipes facing away from the firing system and are uniformly distributed over the height of the combustion chamber.
  • each panel 1 extends over the entire width of a combustion chamber wall and is retained at each end by the ends of a pair of ties 34 of the combustion chamber wall perpendicular thereto.
  • the ties 34' parallel to the retained panel 1 are positioned inside the retained panel.
  • the steam generator is thus completely surrounded by panels 1 which may consist of steel or aluminum plate and which prevent the plane pipe walls of the combustion chamber from bulging due to the effect of the positive pressure.
  • the edges of the panels 1 are provided with inclined slits 35 through which the ends 36 of the ties 34 extend.
  • the ends 36 of the ties 34 are hook-shaped to mount rollers 37 therein which engage the panels 1.
  • insulating bricks 38 are provided between the panels 1 and the wall formed by the pipes 32 with Z-shaped retaining plates 39 disposed between every two superjacent bricks.
  • the length of the legs of each plate 39 is longer than half the height of the insulating bricks so that the upper leg of a lower retaining plate and the lower leg of an upper retaining plate overlap to some extent.
  • the insulating bricks 38 are so disposed that several superjacent rows are retained in each case by one panel 1.
  • the adjacent bricks between two superjacent panels 1 are not connected to each other by means of Z-shaped retaining plates, instead plates 39 and 39 are provided for surrounding the bricks of the lowest or uppermost row on the underside or upperside respectively.
  • the insulating bricks 38 are provided with hollow spaces in order to minimize the weight of the bricks.
  • the panel may also be advantageously employed as bottom panel, for example for covering a hollow space disposed below floor level; the panel being preferably made of metal, for example steel or aluminum plate.
  • the optimum dimensions of the angles a and B, the height h of the areal structure, the strip width b, the longitudinal division 0, the wall thicknesses s s and s may be determined in accordance with the spans along the principal directions of the panel, the total load- 4 ing, the maximum surface loading and the properties of the material, for example by empirical means.
  • two areal structures 7 and 8 are disposed between two fiat sheets 2 and 3 to form a panel.
  • the areal structures 7, 8 are shaped differently in that they have different heights while having the same angle of inclination 5.
  • the areal structure edges which face each other are connected by means of a third fiat sheet 9.
  • the two areal structures 7 and 8 are disposed so that the conjoint angles at of both structures extend in the same direction.
  • the conjoint angle a of the areal structure 8 may extend in the opposite direction to the conjoint angle on of the areal structure 7, for example, when the panel is used as a bottom panel to which a point load is applied.
  • the panel can be increased in size by the attachment of one or more areal structures to the upper sheet 2 or to the lower sheet 3 in order to improve the ability to support point loads.
  • two identically formed areal structures 11 and 12 are joined to form a panel without a separate sheet therebetween.
  • the areal structures 11 and 12 are therefore disposed together between the two sheets 2 and 3.
  • three areal structures 15, 16, 17 are combined between two sheets 2 and 3 into a panel.
  • the three areal structures have the same conjoint angle a, the same strip width 6 and the same longitudinal pitch c. While the two areal structures 15 and 17 have the same height and are each directly connected with one of the two sheets 2 and 3, the third areal structure 16 disposed between the structures 15 and 17, has a larger angle of inclination B and a larger height than the structures 15 and 17.
  • the areal structure 16 is so disposed between the areal structures 15 and 17 that the edges 19 between two parallel surfaces of one side each of the areal structure 16 are connected with corresponding edges 20 of structure 15 and 17 respectively; the edges 20 being mounted on sheets 2 or 3 respectively.
  • a panel of this kind can be conveniently employed as insulation against heat and/or sound.
  • a panel corresponding in fundamental construction to that of the panel according to FIG. 8 provides the free edges 22 of the areal structures 15 and 17 with cuts 26 so that the edges 22 are pectinated thereby making the panel particularly suitable for applications in which sound vibrations are to be damped.
  • the cuts 26 are dimensioned so that the natural flexural frequency of the teeth remaining between the aforementioned cuts fall within the range of the vibrations to be attenuated.
  • the disposition of the teeth is preferably modified so that the teeth respond to an entire frequency spectrum. Upon excitment of the panel by external vibrations, the teeth vibrate in resonance so that vibrational energy is absorbed due to friction in air.
  • the spaces formed between the areal structure or the areal structures and the sheets may be filled with liquids, powders, fiber bulk or foam substances. Such fillings may then improve the thermal insulation or sound attenuations or increase the thermal inertia.
  • the aforementioned spaces may also be employed for the conduction of liquid or gaseous thermal transfer media or electric heating units may be mounted into these spaces.
  • An embodiment of the invention is so constructed that the material of at least one of the sheets is different from the material of the areal structure.
  • the sheets can be constructed from a plastic panel provided with a design and the areal structure can be constructed of metal.
  • one sheet consists of a light alloy plate, with an anodically oxidised external surface, such a panel can also be employed for facades.
  • the areal structures may be produced by folding, pressing, deep-drawing, vacuum forming or extruding.
  • the panels may be constructed not only from homogeneous materials such as metals and plastics but also sintered materials or fibers or chips, such as fiber glass, wood fibers, wood chips etc. which are bonded by plastics. Panels made of wood fibers and wood chips bonded by plastics can be employed in carpentry, for example for doors.
  • each said wall including a plurality of tubes for conveying a heated medium; a plurality of structural panels disposed about the exterior of said walls to enclose said walls, each of said structural panels comprising a pair of spaced parallel plane sheets, and at least one areal structure disposed between said plane sheets in fixed relation thereto, said areal structure having a plurality of surfaces disposed at angles relative to said plane sheets, and means for securing said panels in place about said walls whereby said panels support said walls against outward bulging due to a higher pressure in said chamber than outside said panels.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US5671333A 1965-07-22 1966-07-22 Structural panel for a steam generator Expired - Lifetime US3402700A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1031365A CH440638A (de) 1965-07-22 1965-07-22 Platte, insbesondere für Konstruktions- und Verpackungszwecke

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3402700A true US3402700A (en) 1968-09-24

Family

ID=4361852

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US5671333A Expired - Lifetime US3402700A (en) 1965-07-22 1966-07-22 Structural panel for a steam generator

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3402700A (forum.php)
BE (1) BE684394A (forum.php)
CH (1) CH440638A (forum.php)
GB (1) GB1139910A (forum.php)
NL (1) NL6511367A (forum.php)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3793991A (en) * 1972-12-26 1974-02-26 Combustion Eng Expansion plate
NL2000060C2 (nl) * 2006-04-21 2007-10-23 Unda Maris Holding N V Plaatvormig materiaal.

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL189665C (nl) * 1979-02-22 1993-06-16 Univ Cardiff Warmte-isolerend materiaal.
EP0560810A1 (en) * 1990-11-23 1993-09-22 ELLIS, Colin, Mark, Richard Structural member and method of manufacture
WO1998018614A1 (en) * 1996-10-30 1998-05-07 Best Carton, Ltd. Production of corrugated board structures

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1644199A (en) * 1917-10-05 1927-10-04 Frank J Moore Wall board and method of forming the same
US2120129A (en) * 1936-06-24 1938-06-07 Babcock & Wilcox Co Furnace
US2700403A (en) * 1952-07-01 1955-01-25 George C Herschell Panel core assembling machine
US2959257A (en) * 1957-03-18 1960-11-08 James R Campbell Honeycomb core and panel utilizing same
US2963128A (en) * 1958-04-21 1960-12-06 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Sandwich-type structural element
US2983038A (en) * 1958-03-24 1961-05-09 Bahia Mision Dev Co Inc Method of attaching a structural member to a core of a structural sandwich
US3086625A (en) * 1959-03-19 1963-04-23 Triar Inc Cellular core and method of making same
US3108924A (en) * 1959-04-14 1963-10-29 Adie George Mountford Structural element

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1644199A (en) * 1917-10-05 1927-10-04 Frank J Moore Wall board and method of forming the same
US2120129A (en) * 1936-06-24 1938-06-07 Babcock & Wilcox Co Furnace
US2700403A (en) * 1952-07-01 1955-01-25 George C Herschell Panel core assembling machine
US2959257A (en) * 1957-03-18 1960-11-08 James R Campbell Honeycomb core and panel utilizing same
US2983038A (en) * 1958-03-24 1961-05-09 Bahia Mision Dev Co Inc Method of attaching a structural member to a core of a structural sandwich
US2963128A (en) * 1958-04-21 1960-12-06 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Sandwich-type structural element
US3086625A (en) * 1959-03-19 1963-04-23 Triar Inc Cellular core and method of making same
US3108924A (en) * 1959-04-14 1963-10-29 Adie George Mountford Structural element

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3793991A (en) * 1972-12-26 1974-02-26 Combustion Eng Expansion plate
NL2000060C2 (nl) * 2006-04-21 2007-10-23 Unda Maris Holding N V Plaatvormig materiaal.
WO2007123398A3 (en) * 2006-04-21 2008-03-20 Unda Maris Holding N V Plate-shaped material
US20090092798A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2009-04-09 Unda Maris Holding N.V. Plate-Shaped Material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6511367A (forum.php) 1967-01-23
CH440638A (de) 1967-07-31
BE684394A (forum.php) 1967-01-20
GB1139910A (en) 1969-01-15

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