US3399680A - Apparatus for the treatment of vegetable matter, in particular tobacco - Google Patents

Apparatus for the treatment of vegetable matter, in particular tobacco Download PDF

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Publication number
US3399680A
US3399680A US568457A US56845766A US3399680A US 3399680 A US3399680 A US 3399680A US 568457 A US568457 A US 568457A US 56845766 A US56845766 A US 56845766A US 3399680 A US3399680 A US 3399680A
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tobacco
gaseous medium
cell
treatment
compartment
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Expired - Lifetime
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US568457A
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English (en)
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Egri Laszlo
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Tamag Basel AG
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Tamag Basel AG
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Priority to US728247A priority Critical patent/US3545455A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/12—Steaming, curing, or flavouring tobacco
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/02—Humidifying packed raw tobacco

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to an improved apparatus for the treatment of vegetable matter, in particular tobacco, by means of a streaming gaseous medium.
  • the inventive apparatus is of the type comprising a plurality of tower-like cells superimposed on top of one another to provide at least one column, each cell being laterally bounded by cell wall means and having a gas permeable partition member situated within each such cell for subdividing the latter into a charging compartment for the tobacco and a flow compartment for the gaseous medium, the charging compartment of each such cell being arranged above its flow compartment.
  • Raw tobacco is subjected to a previous treatment before it is processed into the actual smoking article, for instance, pipe tobacco, cigarettes or cigars.
  • This treatment is quite different, depending upon the origin of the tobacco itself and the smoking article to be produced. However, for most practical purposes it can be classified into three main treating techniques, namely, fermentation, mellowing and wetting or moistening.
  • the tobacco During fermentation the tobacco must be brought to a certain moisture content and temperature in order to produce certain changes in the compounds contained in the tobacco.
  • stack or pile fermentation primarily employed for cigarette tobacco, the required heat or thermal energy is delivered by exothermic fermentation. Due to the cooling and drying at the marginal region of the stack, it is necessary to re-stack the tobacco a number of times. Such re-stacking requires a considerable expenditure of labor and also the uniformity of the thus obtained material leaves something to be desired.
  • chamber fermentation employed primarily for neutral tobaccos, especially cigarette tobacco, the tobacco units are washed with conditioned air in closed insulated compartments.
  • the tobacco is permeated by a gaseous medium which removes from such tobacco a portion of its nicotine and ammonia. Finally, during moistening or wetting, the tobacco is treated with a gaseous medium containing water vapor and from which it can remove the required moisture.
  • This tube and the chamber are connected via a conduit with a circulation pump mounted externally of the chamber, so that gaseous medium can be sucked through the tobacco bales out of the chamber and removed by means of the tube located in the bales.
  • a circulation pump mounted externally of the chamber, so that gaseous medium can be sucked through the tobacco bales out of the chamber and removed by means of the tube located in the bales.
  • Still a further significant object of this invention concerns the provision of an improved apparatus for the treatment of tobacco or the like wherein fermentation, mellowing and moistening can be carried out in succession or as individual treatments with a minimum expenditure of time and under optimum conditions, with space requirements and mechanical work being held to a minimum because the tobacco from the time of introduction up to drying remains in the same apparatus.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved apparatus which renders it possible to free the tobacco during every treatment with a gaseous medium from certain undesired volatile components, particularly alkali components, without removing to an undesirable degree desired tobacco components, such as aroma components.
  • Yet a further object of this invention is to provide tobacco treating apparatus which enables utilization of the sensible heat of the tobacco developed during fermentation to be employed for the most part for carrying out the fermentation operation itself.
  • An ancillary yet equally significant object of the present invention is directed to an improved apparatus of the type described rendering possible an exact control of the dilferent treating operations.
  • the inventive apparatus is manifested by the features that the flow compartment of each cell is provided with a conduit for the infeed or outfeed of the gaseous medium, whereas cover means is provided for the uppermost cell and floor means for the lowermost cell of the column. Further, such cover means cooperate with the uppermost cell to provide therebetween an additional fiow compartment, and a further conduit for the gaseous medium communicates with such additional flow compartment.
  • gaseous medium suitable for the purposes of the present invention are mixtures of air, water vapor, ammonia, volatile oxidizing agents and the like, as such are employed for tobacco treatment.
  • FIGURE 1 schematically depicts a cross-section of one cell of the inventive treatment apparatus and providedwith a floor and a cover portion;
  • FIGURE 2 schematically depi-cts a column provided H with floor and cover portion and assembled from a number of cells of the type shown in FIGURE 1, further depicting infeed and outfecd conduits for the gaseousmedium;
  • FIGURE 3 schematically depicts the circuit diagram of an installation formed from a number of columns of the type shown in FIGURE 2 and having two separate re-circulation systems, each of which contains one circulation pump, an air conditioning unit, at least one analysis device and one of them has a trap or separator.
  • FIGURE 1 it will be noted that the therein depicted cell or cabinet C embodies four cell side walls arranged relative to one another so as to provide a substantially square cross-sectional configuration for instance, two of such side walls 11, 12 being visible in cross-section. These side walls 11, 12 etc. are connected at the top and bottom with a flat frame member 13 and 14 respectively. A thin layer of foam material 15 is secured to the upper frame member 13. In the exemplary embodiment, these side walls 11, 12, etc.
  • heat insulation can also be provided by having a double wall construction of the side walls, in which case then, appropriate heating elements or the like can be mounted between such side walls.
  • This double wall construction can also be used for conducting the gaseous medium into the flow compartment 22 of the corresponding cell or cabinet C as will be more fully developed shortly.
  • the portion or compartment of the chamber D arranged between the perforated partition member or sheet metal plate 18 and the upper frame member 13- serves to receive the tobacco, and hereinafter will be conveniently referred to as the filling or charging compartment 21.
  • the portion or compartment of the cell chamber D located between the perforated partition member 18 and the lower frame member 14 serves to facilitate the uniform throughfiow of the gaseous medium, and hereinafter will be conveniently referred to as the flow compartment 22.
  • One of these side walls of the flow compartment 22, such as side wall 16, is provided with a hole or aperture 16:: in which there is set a tube or pipe 19 equipped with a regulating and shut-off valve 20 of any suitable construction.
  • a tube or pipe 19 equipped with a regulating and shut-off valve 20 of any suitable construction.
  • the depicted cell C is about 60 centimeters high and possesses a free internal cross-section of about 1 square meter.
  • the perforated sheet metal plates or partition member 18 is situated about 10 centimeters above the lower frame member 14.
  • the floor 23 has the same cross-sectional configuration as the lower frame member 14 of the cell and is covered at its upper end with suitable layer of foam material 24.
  • a cover portion or member E At the top of the cell or cabinet C can be closed or obturated by a cover portion or member E.
  • the latter incorporates a bearing surface 28 which fits onto the frame member 13 of the cell C, flat side walls and an upper closure plate 26, all of which encompass an internal compartment 27.
  • a tube or pipe 29 piercingly extends through one of the side walls, such as the one shown at the right of FIGURE 1, and is provided with a suitable regulating and shut-off valve 30.
  • FIGURE 2 schematically depicts the manner in which a number of such cells or cabinets C can be stacked on top of one another to form a vertical column, generally designated by reference character F.
  • the lowermost cell 200 is placed upon the floor member 100 and the intermediate layer of foam material 124 insures for a practically air-tight connection between cell and floor.
  • 6 cells or cabinets are stacked upon one another in the described manner, but obviously a greater orless number could be employed.
  • the laterally protruding conduits or pipes 219, 319, 419, 519, 619, 719 of each tube neighboring elevationally arranged cells always are directed in the opposite sense.
  • the depicted column F is sealed at the top by the cover member 800, the conduit or pipe 829 of which is directed in the same manner as would be the conduit of a cell standing in its place.
  • These cells are loosely stacked and only scaled by the layer of foam material provided at the upper frame members.
  • the individual pipes or conduits are detachably connected with both of the stationary conduits 40 and 41, the conduit 41 ⁇ serving for the infeed of the streaming gaseous medium and the conduit 41 for outfeed or delivery thereof.
  • the tobacco treating installation schematically depicted in FIGURE 3 contains three columns, 50, 51 and 52, each of which consists of individually stacked cells C, just as was the case with the column F depicted in FIG- URE 2.
  • the pipes or conduits 140, 240 and 340 correspond to the conduit 40 of FIGURE 2 and the pipes or conduits 141, 241 and 341 to the conduit 41 thereof.
  • each aforementioned conduit thereof can be selectively connected, through the agency of associated control valves 142, 242, 342 and 143, 243, 343, to one of two different re-circulatiori systems or cycles. To be able to better distinguish between these two re-circulation systems, one of them is depicted in solid line and the other with dashed lines.
  • the re-circulation system or cycle shown with solid or full lines contains a circulation pump 60 for the gaseous medium, an air-conditioning installation 61, which can simultaneously be employed for the infeed or outfeed, for mo-istening or drying and for heating or cooling of the gaseous medium.
  • an analyzer which examines the gaseous medium for properties important for the tobacco treatment.
  • a pressure line or conduit 62 leads from the output side of the analyzer 65, via the control valves 142, 242, 342 and the conduits 140, 240, 340, to the columns 50, 51, and 52.
  • the re-circulation system depicted in dashed or broken lines in FIGURE 3 likewise contains a circulation pump 70 for the gaseous medium, the delivery capacity of which, however, is considerably greater than that of the circulation pump 60, and an air-conditioning installation or plant 71 which, like the conditioning plant 61, can be employed for the infeed or removal, moistening or drying, heating or cooling of the gaseous medium.
  • an analysis device 75 At the output side of this air-conditioning installation 71 there is arranged an analysis device 75, similar to the analysis device 65 previously considered.
  • a pressure conduit 72 leads from the analysis device 75 to the control valves 142, 242 and 342 and, from this location, through the same pipes or conduits as previously considered, to the different columns 50, 51 and 52.
  • the return flow from these columns takes place via the control valves 143, 243 and 343 and a suction conduit 73 directly to the circulation pump 70, in other words the circulation system with the greater delivery capacity does not possess any separator.
  • FIGURE 3 There will now be considered the mode of operation of the schematically depicted installation of FIGURE 3 for a complete tobacco treatment consisting of fermentation, mellowing, wetting and drying.
  • the charging compartment of a larger number of cells or cabinets C are filled with raw tobacco, thereafter the filled cells stacked into a column F, as shown for instance in FIGURE 2, and this column is then connected to two re-circulation systems as shown in FIGURE 3.
  • Circulation pump 60 delivers air which is preheated in the airconditioning plant or installation 61, through the pressure conduit 62 and the conduits 140, 240 and 340.
  • the circulation of the hot air internally of the cells C of a column F is schematically represented in FIGURE 2 by broken lines having applied thereto arrow heads.
  • the warm air moves from the conduit 40 through the valves 220, 420, 620 and 830 into the respective flow compartments 222, 422, 622 and the hollow internal compartment of the cover portion 800.
  • the warm air coming from the lowermost flow compartment 222 and the internal compartment 827 of the cover portion 800 only has the possibility of streaming through the neighboring charging compartment 221 and 721 respectively.
  • the warm air arriving in the flow compartments 422, 622 streams through the neighboring charging compartments 321, 421 and 521, 621 respectively.
  • the inlet valves are accordingly regulated such that through each of the valves 420 and 620 approximately twice as much warm air flows as through each of the valves 220 and 830.
  • the hot air after it has streamed through the charging compartments 221, 321 and 421, 521 and 621, 721, collects in the flow compartments 322, 522 and 722 respectively. From this location it moves through the outlet valves 320, 520 and 720 into the conduit 41, the latter of which is operatively connected with the suction conduit 61 of the recirculation system of FIGURE 3.
  • the streaming warm air brings about fermentation of the tobacco located in the charging compartments.
  • the beginning, the course and the end of fermentation can be monitored with the aid of the analysis or analyzer device 66 by controlling the air emanating from the columns 50, 51 and 52.
  • it is not necessary that fermentation take place in the streaming medium rather such stream can be cut off after the beginning of fermentation and, only for the purpose of analysis switched in at greater time intervals, or else the quantity of the circulated medium can be strongly throttled.
  • Separator 64 insures that gaseous or vaporous compounds produced during fermentation, and which should not again be brought into contact with the tobacco, are selectively separated from the circulated medium.
  • the composition of the warm air in the air-conditioning installation 61 is changed, a change which can be monitored by the analyzer device 65.
  • the air which is now charged with vapors which render the tobacco mellower is conducted in the same manner as described above, through the individual cells C loaded with tobacco.
  • the mellowing of the tobacco is controlled by analyzing the air leaving the cells by means of the analyzer 66.
  • the separator 64 can also be employed during mellowing to free the circulated gaseous medium selectively from certain components.
  • control valves 142, 242, 342 and 143, 243 and 343 are adjusted such that the columns 50,
  • the circulation pump delivers air, which is moistened by the air-conditioning installation 71 and the moisture content of which is controlled in the analyzer 75, through the pressure conduit 72 into the conduits 140, 240 and 340, and from this location to the cells C containing the tobacco to be treated. After the moistened air has streamed through the tobacco it is returned to the circulation pump 70 via the suction conduit 73, whereby such circulation pump 70 again forces this air into the air-conditioning installation 71.
  • the air-conditioning installation 71 is switched over from wetting to drying and excess moisture is removed for such time from the circulating air until the tobacco located in the cells C has attained a predetermined moisture content.
  • the heretofore described installation according to the exemplary embodiments given herein can, of course, be modified in a number of different ways depending upon specific requirements.
  • the individual cells need not possess a square cross-sectional configuration, rather could equally well have a rectangular or circular one, or any other suitable shape.
  • the conduits of the stacked cells could for instance also all be directed in the same direction or sense.
  • an analyzer or a pressure or temperature measuring device could be mounted at the pipe or conduit of each individual cell, whereby the individual stages of the treatment for relatively small quantities of tobacco can be individually controlled.
  • a treatment installation such as depicted in FIGURE 3 can incorporate less than or more than three columns, depending upon the capacity of the re-circulation system, the number of cells in each column and the time required for treatment.
  • the individual columns are concerned it is completely irrelevant whether the direction of flow of the gaseous medium is as shown by the arrows in FIGURE 2 or in the opposite direction thereof. The flow direction is determined by the external re-circulation system.
  • the tobacco is preferably distributed in a number of superimposed layers of small height, wherein the individual layers are preferably arranged at a distance from one another and are passed or permeated throughout their entire width practically uniformly by the gaseous medium.
  • the stage for the selective removal or separation of components of the recirculating medium which either emanate from a previous treatment or from the tobacco itself and as a general rule are alkali reacting volatile components, such as ammonia, nicotine, pyridine and the like, can constitute a conventional absorber for instance.
  • There the gaseous medium is treated with an acidic washing medium such as aqueous sulfuric acid.
  • the re-circulating stream of gaseous medium is conditioned, that is, is regulated to a certain temperature and moisture content.
  • sulphuric acid as absorption agent is preferred, because this acid also renders possible the adjustment of a desired atmospheric moisture in the gaseous medium.
  • the absorption stage can also be used to advantage for removing the carbon dioxide formed primarily during fermentation, and indeed, independent of the removal of alkali components or together with such.
  • the absorber is preferably charged with an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution.
  • the fermentation process can be controlled by continuously measuring the value of the pH in the re-circulation system, the content of ammonia, CO nicotine and the like.
  • EXAMPLE In order to carry out tobacco fermentation it is possible to operate in the following manner: Dried tobacco bushels or loose tobacco leaves, in a layer height of about 40 to 60 centimeters thickness, are placed into the individual cells of a column of the type depicted in FIGURE 2, whereby free air passages are prevented by appropriate packing.
  • the moisture content of the tobacco amounts to about 17% to 22%, the specific value being dependent upon the climate.
  • the charging density amounts to about 200 to 250 kilograms per cubic meter.
  • the air delivered through the conduit 62 for instance, under the action of the ventilator or pump 60 is heated in the air-conditioning installation 61.
  • the tobacco contains a larger portion of green material, one starts with an approximately 80% to 90% relative humidity of the air by appropriate introduction of water or vapor to the air-conditioning installation 61.
  • the temperature of the re-circulating air is regulated to 40 C. to 50 C. After about 24 hours the temperature of the re-circulating air is increased to 55 C. to 65 C. and the moisture content of the tobacco is brought to 18% to 23%.
  • such are advantageously provided with insulating walls or with a double wall construction through which the re-circulating gaseous medium flows. In this manner it is possible to prevent condensation of moisture in the walls of the columns.
  • the absorption function of the separator or absorber 64 is brought into operation, for instance by charging such apparatus 64 with sulphuric acid until the air is practically neutral.
  • fermentation is terminated in that the tobacco is dried in the installation. This can be carried out most simply by shutting off the water supply for the air-conditioning installation, whereby, if necessary, the absorption stage can be called upon for drying the re-circulating gas.
  • removal of water can also take place directly in the air-conditioning installation 61, for instance through condensation. Thereafter, the tobacco is brought to a moisture content of 14% to 17% and at the same time cooled to 25 C.
  • this treatment step can be quickly and simply carried out by appropriate control of the delivery capacity and operation of the air-conditioning unit or installation. Thereafter, the tobacco is removed from the cells of the column or columns and pressed.
  • Apparatus for the treatment of vegetable matter, in particular tobacco by means of a gaseous medium, comprising a plurality of tower-like cells superimposed on top of one another to provide at least one column, each cell being laterally bounded by wall means, a gas permeable partition member situated within each cell for subdividing the latter into a charging compartment for the tobacco and a flow compartment for the gaseous medium, said charging compartment of each cell being arranged above said flow compartment thereof, conduit means for con veying the gaseous medium provided for each flow compartment, cover means for the uppermost cell of said column, floor means for the lowermost cell of said column, said cover means cooperating with said uppermost cell to provide therebetween an additional flow compartment, a conduit for the gaseous medium communicating with said additional flow compartment.

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US568457A 1965-08-02 1966-07-28 Apparatus for the treatment of vegetable matter, in particular tobacco Expired - Lifetime US3399680A (en)

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US728247A US3545455A (en) 1966-07-28 1968-05-10 Process for the fermantation of tobacco

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1084265A CH438126A (de) 1965-08-02 1965-08-02 Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Tabak

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US (1) US3399680A (de)
AT (1) AT272914B (de)
CH (1) CH438126A (de)
DE (1) DE1692955A1 (de)
SE (1) SE336979B (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3821960A (en) * 1968-05-13 1974-07-02 Tamag Basel Ag Tobacco denicotinization process
US3932946A (en) * 1972-09-11 1976-01-20 Research Corporation Modular tobacco handling and curing system and method
US3935648A (en) * 1974-11-07 1976-02-03 Cox Jack R Tobacco curing apparatus and method
US4380127A (en) * 1978-09-24 1983-04-19 Roberts Elliott D Dehydrator apparatus with unidirectional air flow control means
US5025570A (en) * 1990-10-19 1991-06-25 Moffat William A Modular convective oven with anti-contamination features

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US259553A (en) * 1882-06-13 Richard kissling
US533339A (en) * 1895-01-29 Hurbert c
US1523509A (en) * 1923-01-24 1925-01-20 Gen Fire Extinguisher Co Drier
US1778586A (en) * 1924-10-07 1930-10-14 Moore Dry Kiln Company Apparatus for kiln-drying lumber and other substances
US2136485A (en) * 1936-02-18 1938-11-15 Berka Fritz Method of denicotinizing tobacco
US2229943A (en) * 1938-11-22 1941-01-28 Wurton Machine Company Method for conditioning air
US2281339A (en) * 1940-08-02 1942-04-28 Joseph I Taggart Incubator
US2634511A (en) * 1950-07-21 1953-04-14 Wilford H Underwood Rice drier
US2856937A (en) * 1955-01-06 1958-10-21 Harris Eddie Maxwell Haney Apparatus for treating tobacco
US3084488A (en) * 1960-01-19 1963-04-09 Simonini Gian Carlo Process for the treatment of vegetable material, particularly tobacco leaf, for the purpose of making it ready for commercial shipment
US3335499A (en) * 1963-09-03 1967-08-15 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Method for humidifying boards of wood fibre or similar material

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US259553A (en) * 1882-06-13 Richard kissling
US533339A (en) * 1895-01-29 Hurbert c
US1523509A (en) * 1923-01-24 1925-01-20 Gen Fire Extinguisher Co Drier
US1778586A (en) * 1924-10-07 1930-10-14 Moore Dry Kiln Company Apparatus for kiln-drying lumber and other substances
US2136485A (en) * 1936-02-18 1938-11-15 Berka Fritz Method of denicotinizing tobacco
US2229943A (en) * 1938-11-22 1941-01-28 Wurton Machine Company Method for conditioning air
US2281339A (en) * 1940-08-02 1942-04-28 Joseph I Taggart Incubator
US2634511A (en) * 1950-07-21 1953-04-14 Wilford H Underwood Rice drier
US2856937A (en) * 1955-01-06 1958-10-21 Harris Eddie Maxwell Haney Apparatus for treating tobacco
US3084488A (en) * 1960-01-19 1963-04-09 Simonini Gian Carlo Process for the treatment of vegetable material, particularly tobacco leaf, for the purpose of making it ready for commercial shipment
US3335499A (en) * 1963-09-03 1967-08-15 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Method for humidifying boards of wood fibre or similar material

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3821960A (en) * 1968-05-13 1974-07-02 Tamag Basel Ag Tobacco denicotinization process
US3932946A (en) * 1972-09-11 1976-01-20 Research Corporation Modular tobacco handling and curing system and method
US3935648A (en) * 1974-11-07 1976-02-03 Cox Jack R Tobacco curing apparatus and method
US4380127A (en) * 1978-09-24 1983-04-19 Roberts Elliott D Dehydrator apparatus with unidirectional air flow control means
US5025570A (en) * 1990-10-19 1991-06-25 Moffat William A Modular convective oven with anti-contamination features

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE336979B (de) 1971-07-19
AT272914B (de) 1969-07-25
DE1692955A1 (de) 1972-01-27
CH438126A (de) 1967-06-15

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