Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
  • A61K9/2806—Coating materials
  • A61K9/282—Organic compounds, e.g. fats
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
  • A61K9/2806—Coating materials
  • A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K9/284—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
  • A61K9/28—Dragees; Coated pills or tablets, e.g. with film or compression coating
  • A61K9/2806—Coating materials
  • A61K9/2833—Organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K9/2853—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, poloxamers, poly(lactide-co-glycolide)

Definitions

• This invention relates to a novel film coating composition for solid pharmaceutical forms such as compressed tablets, pills, pellets and the like, a pharmaceutical form substantially covered with said coating and a rapid and inexpensive process for coating said forms.
• this invention relates to coated pharmaceutical forms having a novel film coating which has as a main ingredient Water soluble shellac.
• Shellac is Well known as a coating material in the art. However, whenever shellac is employed as a coating agent for a pharmaceutical form the prior art reveals that the coated product is either enteric or sustained release in nature. In other words when a tablet is coated with shellac the prior art teaches that the tablet will possess a delayed release of medicament.
• shellac has been utilized to cover tablets that have been previously sugar coated in order to facilitate printing or to provide a waterproof or moisture barrier for a tablet core prior to sugar coating.
• sugar coating of the tablet is an additional step.
• sugar coating cannot be used for coating scored or grooved tablets and tablets with engraved monograms because the total number of coats required obliterates the groove and monogram.
• the finished tablet is approximately 50% greater in volume or usually double the weight of the uncoated tablet.
• a still further drawback is that the tablet must be compressed relatively hard in order to withstand the vigorous rolling and tumbling in the coating pan. This hard compression often results in a delay in disintegration time.
• novel coating composition When the novel coating composition is applied to pharmaceutical forms according to the process of this invention it is possible to obtain a fast drying, thin, transparent film coat. Sugar coating with all of its build up steps is completely eliminated. The time required to coat the tablets is reduced from days to minutes because of the relatively few coats that are necessary. Therefore, in
• the coating composition of this invention is comprised of wax free shellac which is rendered Water soluble by dissolving the shellac in water and ammonia until a solution results.
• Other ingredients such as plasticizing agents, opaquing agents and coloring materials may be added to the coating solution to enhance the properties of the coating.
• the shellac will be present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the total coating composition advantageously from about 1% to about 3% by weight of the total coating composition.
• the ratio of water and ammonia to the wax free shellac would be evident to one skilled in the art, using just enough necessary to dissolve the shellac.
• Preferably twice as much water and 28% ammonia solution (U.S.P.) used in a ratio of from about 10:1 to about 30:1 is used to dissolve the shellac.
• an or anic solvent may be added to the above shellac concentrate to hasten the evaporation of the coating.
• plasticizers When plasticizers are advantageously employed in the coating composition they will be present in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 15% by weight of the total coating composition preferably from about 1% to about 10% by Weight of the total coating composition.
• plasticizing agents which may be employed are any of those well known to the art, such as for example, solid polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, diisobutyi adipate, castor oil, mineral oil, propylene glycol, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol and the glyceridcs of higher fatty acids.
• solid polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone are used either alone or preferably a mixture of both as plasticizers in carrying out the method of this invention.
• this novel combination of water soluble shellac, solid polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone is employed it imparts improved iiowability and results in a coating composition which is more flexible and smoother.
• the added ingredient, solid polyethylene glycol also acts as an anti-tacking agent and prevents the sticking of the tablets to one another as they are rotated in the coating pan.
• a solid polyethylene glycol such as for example, polyethylene glycol 6000, adds gloss to the tablet coat and eliminates the necessity of a final separate polish coating.
• the polyethylene glycols used in the coating composition of this invention are solid, waxy materials having a molecular weight as high as 20,000.
• the polyethylene glycols employed will have a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 10,000.
• These solid poly- 9 ethylene glycols are well known in the art and sold under the tradename of Carbowax.
• any of the nontoxic pigments, lakes and dyes which have been certified for use in the food, drug and cosmetic industries may be used.
• the nontoxic coloring agent when employed will be present in an amount to provide the desired color and shade preferably from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight of the total coating composition.
• Exemplary of the preferred dyes and lakes are those coal tar colors listed under their Food and Drug Administration designations such as, for example FD & C blue No. 6, D 8; C blue No. 9, D & C green No. 6, D 8: C violet No. 2, D 8: C red No. 17, D & C orange No. 5, D 81 C yellow No. 7, D & C green No. 1, PD & C yellow No. 6 lake, FD & C blue No. 2 lake, FD & C red No. 2 lake, FD & C violet No. 1 lake and FD & C green No. 3 lake.
• compositions of this invention may also contain a substantially water insoluble, colorless, nontoxic opaque material such as calcium carbonate, barium sulfate or preferably titanium dioxide.
• a substantially water insoluble, colorless, nontoxic opaque material such as calcium carbonate, barium sulfate or preferably titanium dioxide.
• the nontoxic opaque constituent when employed will amount to from about 0.25% to about by weight of the coloring composition.
• the novel coating composition is prepared by first forming the shellac concentrate by dissolving the wax free shellac and when employed, the plasticizer in Water and strong ammonia solution. The shellac concentrate is then diluted with organic solvents, such as for example, alcohol and chloroform containing either the dye, pigment or lake. The coating composition is now ready for use and it may be poured or sprayed on the solid pharmaceutical forms.
• the method of coating the solid pharmaceutical forms such as compressed tablets, pills, pellets, troches and the like in accordance with this invention comprises placing said solid forms, as for example tablets containing a medicament and filler, in a coating pan.
• the tablets are thoroughly and evenly wetted with the coating solution.
• the tablets are dried while rotating in the coating pan.
• Advantageously air is passed over the tablets during the drying process. Further coats are applied by repeating the above procedure. Normally 10 to coats are sufficient, more can be applied if desired.
• the coated tablets can be polished or not as desired.
• the solid pharmaceutical forms which are also an important aspect of this invention are solid pharmaceutical forms such as tablets, pills, pellets, troches and the like substantially completely coated with a film forming polymer containing water soluble shellac as defined above. These forms are comprised of a core containing the medicament normally with a filler surrounded by said film forming polymer.
• the thickness of said coatings advantageously is in the range of from about 0.0001 to about 0.002" preferably from about 0.0005" to about .001". Generally it is satisfactory for the coating to be from about 0.3% to about 3% of the total weight of the tablet, preferably from about 0.5% to about 2% and as indicated above it substantially completely covers the core form.
• Tablets coated using this procedure and coating composition yield a smooth glossy coat.
• the total thickness of the combined coats is such that the detail of the surface of the core is retained, for instance monograms or scores.
• Example 1 Shellac concentrate-Solution A Ingredients: Percent w./v. Wax free shellac 15.34
• Solution B Ingredients: Amount Shellac concentrate ml 300 Isopropyl alcohol ml 4500 Chloroform ml 600 Titanium dioxide gms 180 ED & C yellow No. 5 lake gms 18 The shellac concentrate, isopropyl alcohol and chloroform are mixed and the titanium dioxide and FD & C yellow No. 5 lake are suspended in the mixture with continued agitation to form the coating composition. Tablet cores of inch diameter containing trifiuoperazine and filler are placed in a rotating 12 inch coating pan and are thoroughly and evenly wetted by spraying on the above coating composition. The tablets are dried while being rotated and passing air over them. This procedure is followed until approximately 15 coats have been applied leaving a hard thin film coat on the tablets.
• Example 2 Shellac concentrate--Solution A Ingredients: Percent w./v. Wax free shellac 20.4 Strong ammonia solution 28% (U.S.P.) 2.04 Distilled water, q.s., 100.00 ml.
• the shellac is dissolved in the strong ammonia solution and the water with stirring and the application of heat, approximately heated to C.
• Solution B Ingredients: Amount, ml.
• Shellac concentrate Isopropyl alcohol 4500 Chloroform 600 The shellac concentrate, isopropyl alcohol and chloroform are thoroughly mixed to form the coating composition.
• Tablet cores containing dextroamphetamine and filler are placed in a rotating 12 inch coating pan and are thoroughly and evenly wetted by spraying on the above coating composition. The tablets are dried While being rotated and passing air .over them. This procedure is followed until approximately 15 coats have been applied leaving a hard thin film coat on the tablets.
• Example 3 Shellac concentrateSolution A Ingredients: Percent w./v. Wax free shellac 16.0
• the shellac and Carboxaw are dissolved in the strong ammonia solution and water with the aid of heat to form a shellac concentrate.
• Solution B Ingredients: Amount Shellac concentrate ml 200 Isopropyl alcohol ml 4500 Chloroform ml 600 FD & C Yellow No. 5 gms 1.8
• the shellac concentrate, chloroform and alcohol which has the FD & C Yellow No. 5 added are thoroughly mixed to form the coating composition.
• Tablet cores containing chlorpromazine hydrochloride and filler are placed in a rotating 12 inch coating pan and are thoroughly and evenly wetted by spraying on the above coating composition. The tablets are dried while being rotated and passing air over them. This procedure is followed until approximately 15 coats have been applied leaving a hard thin film coat on the tablets.
• a film-coated pharmaceutical form comprising a solid medicament-containing core, that has not been previously coated having a coating that provides neither a water-proof or moisture barrier nor is enteric or sustained release in nature comprising from about 10 to about 20 coats of Wax-free ammonia solubilizecl water soluble shellac, said coating being from 0.0005 inch to about 0.0-01 inch thick and being from about 0.3% to about 3.0% of the total weight of the tablet.
• a film-coated pharmaceutical form comprising a solid medicament-containing core that has not been previously coated having a coating that provides neither a Waterproof or moisture barrier nor is enteric or sustained release in nature comprising from about 10 to about 20 coats of Wax-free ammonia solubilized Water soluble shellac and a plasticizer selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone or solid polyethylene glycol said coating being from 0.0005 inch to about 0.001 inch thick and being from about 0.3% to about 3.0% of the total weight of the tablet.
• a film-coated pharmaceutical form comprising a solid medicament-containing core that has not been previously coated having a coating that provides neither a water-proof or moisture barrier nor is enteric or substained release in nature comprising from about 10 to about 20 coats of wax-free ammonia solubilized Water soluble shellac and solid polyethylene glycol said coating being from about 0.3% to about 3.0% of the total weight of the tablet.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=23667779

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (18)

Families Citing this family (4)

Citations (12)

• 1964
  • 1964-12-23 US US420771A patent/US3390049A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1965
  • 1965-11-26 GB GB50472/65A patent/GB1086150A/en not_active Expired
  • 1965-12-13 DE DE1492156A patent/DE1492156C3/de not_active Expired
  • 1965-12-16 BE BE673869D patent/BE673869A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (12)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events