US3382085A - Cladding of strip material - Google Patents

Cladding of strip material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3382085A
US3382085A US337895A US33789564A US3382085A US 3382085 A US3382085 A US 3382085A US 337895 A US337895 A US 337895A US 33789564 A US33789564 A US 33789564A US 3382085 A US3382085 A US 3382085A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
strip
powder
particles
metal
coating
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Expired - Lifetime
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US337895A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wren Brian Vickerson
Barratt Clifford
Swales Peter David
Lawson Kenneth Thomas
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Head Wrightson and Co Ltd
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Head Wrightson and Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
    • B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/04—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a rolling mill
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/06—Compressing powdered coating material, e.g. by milling

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT F THE DISCLOSURE A method of coating a strip formed from any one or combination of a large number of metals with a protective surface of a differing metal which also may be any one of or combination of a large number of metals.
  • the strip is wetted by immersion in a bath ⁇ containing any of a number of liquids, preferably Iof relatively low surface tension.
  • a powder containing electrostatically charged particles of metal differing from the metal of the strip is applied to the wetted strip.
  • the metal strip and metallic powder are dried and the powder is compacted against the surface of the strip to provide the aforesaid coating. Subsequent heating of the metal strip and coating combination provides bonding of the coating to the strip.
  • This invention relates to an improved method of coating metal strip with a protective surface of another metal, when applied as a powder using an electrostatic technique.
  • the process hitherto has been applied primarily to aluminium powder, but other metallic powders such as nickel and stainless steel are suitable.
  • powdered metal can be sprayed .from a commercially-available spray gun, such as the electrostatic spray gun, known as the Strajet, or it can be blown across or otherwise introduced to a high voltage field, which is capable of inducing a corona effect between charged electrodes and the metal strip.
  • the application of high voltage (9C-150 kv.) between the gun and the metal strip has the effect of electrostatically charging the particles of metal powder on leaving the gun.
  • the charged particles, which repel one another, are attracted to the strip and adhere to the strip under the influence of the electrostatic forces.
  • the degree of adherence of the particles to the strip depends on their ability to retain the electrostatic charge, which ability depends on the resistivity of the particles.
  • particles with a high resistivity e.g.
  • plastic powders lose their charge very slowly and adhere firmly for a long time.
  • metallic powders have a low resistivity, lose their charge very quickly and fall olii ⁇ the strip almost immediately.
  • Some metals, however notably aluminium have an oxide lm on the surface which due to its high resistivity helps to retain the electrostatic charge. Despite the presence of the oxide film it is not sufficient to promote good adhesion and after an aluminium powder is sprayed onto a dry surface, only the very lightest particles remain on the surface so that the coating remains thin and is easily dislodged.
  • the present invention relates to a method of promoting the adherence of all types of metal powders to conducting surfaces.
  • the surface of the rneta1 strip is wetted prior to application of the surface coating.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic view of a strip coating and treatment line in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGURES 2 and 3 are diagrammatic views showing two alternative lforms of coating (nitrogen) chamber for use in the treatment line shown in FIGURE l.
  • coiled metal strip S is drawn olf a reel or uncoiler 1 whence it passes over a guide sheave 2 into the end compartment 3 of a three-compartment tank 4 and thence through successive compartments 5, 6, in passage between which it passes over and under further guide sheaves as sh-own. From the compartment 6 the strip S is fed to a coating chamber 7.
  • the three compartments 3, 5 and 6 contain cleaning fluid, rinse liquid and wetting liquid respectively. It will be understood that the last compartment 6 functions as the wetting tank so that the strip S before entering the coating chamber 7 is thoroughly and evenly wetted on both sides.
  • the strip may be wetted by immersion in a bath containing a liquid having a low surface tension.
  • the chosen liquid may be supplied to the strip through sprays.
  • the process has been successfully carried out with water together with the use of a suitable wetting agent, or by immersion in methyl and ethyl alcohols, but several other types of liquids and solutions have been found suitable.
  • any surplus liquid is removed from the strip using a wiper seal or squeegee rolls 15 so that the emergent strip has a thin film of liquid over its entire surface.
  • the effect of the liquid film is to increase the eliiciency of the deposition process and to improve the bond that can be obtained between the metallic powder and the surface of the strip.
  • the strip In passage through the coating chamber 7 the strip is sprayed with powder in -a field of high potential (9D-150 kv.), whereupon the powder adheres firmly to the Wet strip.
  • the powder coating so applied can subsequently be compacted to a homogeneous layer by passing the coated strip through a rolling mill 10, which, if followed by a heat treatment, will improve the bond between the aluminium and the steel or other metal basev strip.
  • the strip is passed through an oven 11 and thence to a recoiler.
  • Well-oiled, bright rolled mild steel strip of specification En. 2 .010 thick, 6" wide was fed continuously from an uncoiler at 15 ft./minute into a cleaning or degreasing compartment where the stri-p surfaces were scrubbed with wire brushes whilst subject to jets of an alkaline degreasing liquid.
  • the strip was then passed to a rinse compartment and rinsed in cold water.
  • the strip then was passed to a dip or wetting tank containing a 21/2% solution of hydrochloric acid to neutralise the remaining alkalis.
  • Lissapol NDB is a dilution of Lissapol N, the latter being an aqueous solution of nonylphenol ethylene oxide condensate, that is, one of the most recently developed types of surfaceactive agent containing a polyethylene glycol chain, and represented by the formula R-O-C2H4 DOH Whilst still wet the strip was then passed under an electrostatic powder spraying head which was held at 90,000 volts.
  • Atomised aluminium powder in the size range 250 mesh/ dust was conveyed pneumatically to the head using nitrogen as the conveying gas.
  • the nitrogen usage was 2.4 cu. ft./minute.
  • the aluminium powder was attracted to the strip where it adhered firmly.
  • the strip was then dried by a 6 kw. radiant heater and subjected to a rolling load of 42 tons to compact the aluminum powder into a continuous layer. After rolling, the metal clad strip was recoiled.
  • the coil of clad strip was then placed in a gas fired semi-muffle furnace and heated to 500 C. and held at that temperature for one hour. On examination it was seen that a continuous coating of aluminium had been obtained which was securely bonded to the base steel. In a cup test in which the 'coated steel was deformed by a steel ball, it was Lfound that the bond was such that the base steel cracked before the coating became delaminated. The coating had a thickness which varied between .0007" and .0001.
  • the powder was conveyed to the discharge nozzle of the spray gun by an inert gas, e.g. nitrogen.
  • an inert gas e.g. nitrogen.
  • the spraying may be carried out in a nitrogen environment in a sealed chamber.
  • the presence of the inert atmosphere is not essential to the process of deposition but is desirable as a means of reducing the risk of explosion.
  • aluminium it has .only been found necessary to convey the powder in an inert atmosphere and the spraying can be carried out in air.
  • a sealed chamber would be necessary if it was desired to spray, say magnesium.
  • the metal strip S passes into the chamber 7 through a self sealing opening 12, -where it is subjected to the ⁇ action of a series of Spray guns 13, 13' arranged to spray opposite sides of the strip.
  • a Wi'per type seal 12 at the ingoing end of the chamber 7, to avoid its use on the coated strip at the outgoing end, which would tend to dislodge the deposited particles
  • the wiper seal is arranged to co-operate with the surfaces of the rolls of the mill 10.
  • the roll mill or part .of it can be installed inside the chamber 7.
  • Spraying may be carried out while the strip is moved in any direction.
  • a horizontal pass may be used and this simplifies operation of the plant and gives the cheapest form of plant installation.
  • the drying unit may be of small capacity since only a relatively small, controlled amount of liquid has to be removed by drying.
  • a method of coating at least one surface of metal strip with a different metal comprising (i) wetting the surface to be coated with a liquid of high resistivity and low surface tension;
  • a method of coating at least one surface of metal strip with aluminum comprising (i) wetting the surface to be coated with a liquid of high resistivity and low surface tension;
  • a method of coating at least one surface of metal strip with a different metal comprising:
  • a method of coating at least one surface of metal strip with a different metal l comprising (i) wetting ⁇ the surface to be coated with a liquid of high resistivity and low surface tension;
  • a method of coating at least one surface of metal strip with a different metal comprising (i) wetting the surface to be coated with a liquid of high resistivity and low surface tension;
  • a method of coating both surfaces of metal strip strip is heated to a temperature below the fusion point of with aditerent metal comprising: 5 said different metal to bond the particles of the different (i) wetting both surfaces of said strip; with a liquid metal to the strip.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
US337895A 1963-01-17 1964-01-15 Cladding of strip material Expired - Lifetime US3382085A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB218463 1963-01-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3382085A true US3382085A (en) 1968-05-07

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US337895A Expired - Lifetime US3382085A (en) 1963-01-17 1964-01-15 Cladding of strip material

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US3382085A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1298382B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1023224A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3485654A (en) * 1966-03-15 1969-12-23 Nat Steel Corp Method of preparing metal coated metallic substrates
US3503775A (en) * 1966-04-12 1970-03-31 Nat Steel Corp Method of preparing metal coated metallic substrates
US3575138A (en) * 1968-01-05 1971-04-20 Nat Steel Corp Electrostatic coating of metal powder on metal strip
US3661612A (en) * 1967-12-14 1972-05-09 Summers & Sons Ltd John Method of coating a moving metal strip
US3711310A (en) * 1971-07-26 1973-01-16 United Aircraft Corp Repair process for aluminum and magnesium articles
US3887720A (en) * 1971-06-29 1975-06-03 British Steel Corp Method and apparatus for coating a metallic strip
US10443132B1 (en) 2019-02-18 2019-10-15 Kuwait Institute For Scientific Research Method for doping magnesium with nickel by cold spray technique

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1023224A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1963-01-17

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1023224A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1963-01-17
US1922254A (en) * 1926-05-20 1933-08-15 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Thermionic tube electrode
US2719820A (en) * 1951-01-26 1955-10-04 United States Steel Corp Method for coating steel strip
US2877738A (en) * 1954-03-01 1959-03-17 Heck Friedrich Apparatus for rolling metallic powder on a strip
US2990293A (en) * 1956-01-13 1961-06-27 Ohio Commw Eng Co Method of impregnating and rustproofing metal articles

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH137286A (de) * 1929-01-19 1929-12-31 Koch & Co F Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Überzuges auf Wandflächen etc.
US2020775A (en) * 1930-11-07 1935-11-12 Bela Gaspar Method of producing photographic pictures in colors
DE766247C (de) * 1941-08-27 1953-10-05 Ernst Dr-Ing Lanzendoerfer Verfahren zum UEberziehen metallener Gegenstaende durch Aufschmelzen von in Pulverform vorliegenden Korrosionsschutzstoffen
DE904748C (de) * 1943-03-27 1954-02-22 Stahl Und Walzwerke Rasselstei Verfahren zur Metallisierung von Eisenbaendern oder -drahten
DE860301C (de) * 1945-03-28 1953-01-19 Ver Deutsche Metallwerke Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum ununterbrochenen Herstellen von Verbundmetallen aus Doppel- oder Mehrfacherzeugnissen, vorzugs-weise in Bandform
US2548872A (en) * 1948-08-10 1951-04-17 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method of fixing particles to sheet material
CH281452A (fr) * 1948-11-16 1952-03-15 Edras Procédé de formation d'au moins une couche métallique adhérente à la surface d'un support également métallique.
US3024128A (en) * 1955-11-14 1962-03-06 Dawson Armoring Company Method of coating metal article with hard particles

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1922254A (en) * 1926-05-20 1933-08-15 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Thermionic tube electrode
US2719820A (en) * 1951-01-26 1955-10-04 United States Steel Corp Method for coating steel strip
US2877738A (en) * 1954-03-01 1959-03-17 Heck Friedrich Apparatus for rolling metallic powder on a strip
US2990293A (en) * 1956-01-13 1961-06-27 Ohio Commw Eng Co Method of impregnating and rustproofing metal articles
GB1023224A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1963-01-17

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3485654A (en) * 1966-03-15 1969-12-23 Nat Steel Corp Method of preparing metal coated metallic substrates
US3503775A (en) * 1966-04-12 1970-03-31 Nat Steel Corp Method of preparing metal coated metallic substrates
US3661612A (en) * 1967-12-14 1972-05-09 Summers & Sons Ltd John Method of coating a moving metal strip
US3575138A (en) * 1968-01-05 1971-04-20 Nat Steel Corp Electrostatic coating of metal powder on metal strip
US3887720A (en) * 1971-06-29 1975-06-03 British Steel Corp Method and apparatus for coating a metallic strip
US3711310A (en) * 1971-07-26 1973-01-16 United Aircraft Corp Repair process for aluminum and magnesium articles
US10443132B1 (en) 2019-02-18 2019-10-15 Kuwait Institute For Scientific Research Method for doping magnesium with nickel by cold spray technique

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Publication number Publication date
DE1298382B (de) 1969-06-26
GB1023224A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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