Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
  • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
  • C11D10/042—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on anionic surface-active compounds and soap

Definitions

• Liquid or paste combinations of detergent substances are used for the manufacture of compositions for treating different kinds of sOlid materials, as well as the manufacture of liquid detergents and cleansers.
• compositions can be used as household cleaners, detergents, dish- Washing compounds, cleaners for polished or lacquered surfaces, floor cleaners, wall-covering cleaners, and the like. These compositions may also be used in industrial applications for cleaning or otherwise treating the surfaces of solid materials, such as in laundries, manufacturing plants, and the like, and usually contain, in addition to soap, various accompanying substances originating in their manufacture and conventional additives.
• viscosity of such concentrated liquid or paste detergent compositions is undesirably increased by the soap content, and often may be further increased by the addition of accompanying substances.
• Such high-viscosity compositions are hard to handle; for example, it is diflicult to measure and dilute them rapidly.
• the viscosity of the pastes from which they are made may be undesirably high when they are to be conveyed from place to place, especially when, after the customary additives, if any, are worked in, they are transformed by conventional methods into pourable, granulated products.
• the viscosity of detergent solutions of pastes containing soaps and, if desired, synthetic detergents, wherein the viscosity is at least 50 cp. can be reduced by the addition of salts of alpha-sulfofatty acids having to 12 carbon atoms in the sulfofatty acid radical.
• a di-salt particularly effective comprises the disalt of sulfoluaric acid.
• alpha-sulfofatty acid salts may be effected in any manner desired.
• sulfofatty acid salts are very diflicultly soluble, their ability to reduce the viscosities of soap pastes or solutions is completely unexpected.
• Other components dissolved in the paste have an effect on its viscosity, in addition to the ester salts and the di-salts, especially the inorganic salts.
• the viscosity reduction in soap pastes or solutions by the addition of sulfofatty acid compositions is also found in preparation containing salts.
• the viscosity reduction of the invention achieved by addition of the above-defined sulfofatty acid salts, can be observed over a broad viscosity range.
• the invention is important in the liquefaction of viscous solutions or pastes, such as those having a viscosity of at least 10 cp., or from 50 to 20,000, and preferably from to 10,000 op.
• the viscosity of pastes in which the sulfofatty acids of this invention are effective can run even higher.
• the sulfofatty acids or their salts are referred to as di-salts
• the sulfofatty acid ester salts as ester salts
• any wash-active substances not pertaining to the di-salts, ester salts or soaps as WAS.
• the expression total WAS relates to the sum of soap-s, di-salts and any ester salts or WAS that may be present.
• the di-salts to be used according to the invention which have 10 to 12 carbon atoms in the molecule, may be mixed with higher and possibly also with lower homologs, providing the properties of this mixture are determined substantially by the C and/or C percentage. This is the case with a C and/or C di-salt content of 50 to 65 weight percent (with reference to the total amount of di-salts present) if the rest of the di-salt consists of at least 2, and preferably at least 3, individual disalts which differ in relation to chain length and/or the structure of the sulfofatty acid radical.
• Di-salts of such composition are obtained preferably from the hardened fatty acids of coconut or palm nut oil, or from the C to C fraction of such oils.
• di-salts of fatty acids of synthetic origin are also usable, and they may also be branched.
• the viscosity-reducing effect of the di-salts is apparent at low concentrations, for example, 4 weight percent, and becomes more apparent in the case of higher concentrations', for example, 7 weight percent.
• substantially larger quantities of di-salts may be present, for example, up to 60 weight percent, but preferably 10 to 30 weight percent is suitable.
• weight percentages relate to the total mixture of di-salts, soap and any ester salt that may be present.
• the viscosity-reducing effect appears also when other washactive substances than those named hitherto are present, but their quantity is not to be greater than that of the soap, the soap content of the mixture amounting to at least 25 weight percent and preferably at least 50 weight percent of the total WAS.
• the di-salt is to amount preferably to at least 3 Weight percent of the total WAS.
• the quantity data on the di-salts relate to the C to C component; if lower or higher di-salt homologs are present, they are reckoned as wash-active substances.
• the viscosity-reducing effect of the di-salts becomes perceptible in the case of soaps made from straightchained or branched saturated or unsaturated fatty acids of many different carbon numbers, since the chain length and constitution of the soap fatty acid radical does have some influence on the viscosity.
• pastes made of unsaturated and/or branched fatty acids are less viscous than those made of fatty acids with a straight and/or saturated carbon chain.
• soaps made of fatty acids with 10 to 14 carbon atoms, or of fatty acid mixtures consisting mainly of such fatty acids are transformed at high concentrations into viscous pastes more rapidly than soaps made from fatty acids with at least 16 carbon atoms per fatty acid radical, or with soaps made of fatty acid mixtures which contain similar or identical fatty acids.
• saponaceous detergents and cleaning agents fatty acid and/or mixtures having 10 to 31, and preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms per fatty acid radical, and an unsaturated fatty acid content of at most 50 weight percent, are of special interest.
• the iodine number of these fatty acids is less than 40, and preferably less than 30.
• Such fatty acid mixtures may have different chain length percentages, depending on the planned application: for example, the percentage of C to C and preferably of C may be greater than 50 weight percent; but the C to C percentage can be greater even than 65 percent.
• soaps made of fatty acids comprising more than 50 percent saturated fatty acids with 16 to 18 carbon atoms, and also approximately to 60 percent of saturated fatty acids with 20 to 31, and preferably 20 to 24 carbon atoms, have been proposed, especially in combination with other wash-active substances.
• the natural fats and the fatty acids obtained therefrom are of particular interest for the manufacture of such soaps.
• the fatty acids can originate from plant or animal fats. Those fatty acids are particularly suitable which are ordinarily used for the manufacture of soap cakes, powdered soap products or lubricating soaps, as for example soaps made from coconut and palm nut oil, palm oil, peanut oil, rape oil, cottonseed oil, tallow, train oils and fish oils, and their fractions and! or hydrogenation products and/ or mixtures.
• salt-like wash-active substances including the soaps are available preferably as water-soluble salts, e.g., as salts of the alkalies, especially potassium and sodium or triethanolamine.
• water-soluble salts e.g., as salts of the alkalies, especially potassium and sodium or triethanolamine.
• the surface-active ester salts of sulfofatty acids described in US Patent 2,303,212 may also be present in the preparations according to the invention. They are preferably the esters of sulfa-fatty acids with to 22, and preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and monovalent aliphatic alcohols containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• the chain-length percentages of the sulfo-fatty acid radicals can be adapted to the planned application of the preparations.
• Ester salts having preferably 10 to 14 carbon atoms in the sulfo-fatty acid radical exhibit good solubility and sudsing properties even at room temperature, while those with preferably 16 to carbon atoms in the fatty acid radical are not easily soluble until higher temperatures are reached, but then they develop an excellent washing ability.
• the chain-length range of the fatty acids in the" soaps and of the sulfo-fatty acids in the ester salts can be equal or different.
• soaps made of higher fatty acids i.e., mostly of fatty acids having 16 to 31 and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms per fatty acid radical
• lower ester salts i.e., with those whose fatty acid radicals have preferably 10 to 14 carbon atoms.
• the chain-length distribution can also be made just the opposite.
• the substantially saturated hydrophobic radicals of sulfo-fatty acids contained in the ester salts may be straight-chained or branched.
• the sulfo-fatty acid group is in the alpha position, in contrast to those sulfo-fatty acids which are obtained by the sulfonation of unsaturated fatty acids and/or fatty acids containing hydroxyl groups.
• the ratio and quantities of soap and ester salts varies widely and is governed by the intended application of the preparations of the invention. For example, if a better dispersion of subsequently formed calcium soaps is desired, amounts of 2 to 15 percent, and preferably from 3 to 10 percent, of the weight of the soap and ester sulfonate mixture will suffice. If the washing and cleaning effect of the preparations is based largely on the ester sulfonates, the latter are used in quantities of 15 to 80 percent, and preferably of 30 to percent, of the weight of the soap and ester salt mixture.
• wash-active substances which may be present in addition to soap, ester salts and di-salts include non-ionic surfactants, especially the addition products of ethylene oxide and fatty alcohols, alkyl phenols and high-molecular-weight polypropylene glycols. These products are used primarily in conjunction with synthetic anionic surfactants of the sulfate or sulfonate type, and soap, in low-sudsing surfactant compounds.
• the wash-active substance combinations according to the invention are non-transparent pastes, or more or less turbid solutions, or even clear solutions, depending on their concentration. Often the turbidity does not appear until after relatively long storage. This, however, does not affect the use of the pastes of solutions, because, when, for example, they are used as liquid detergents, other substances causing tunbidity may be contained in them in a dissolved or suspended state.
• the wash-active substance combinations are especially suitable for use with additional substances such as those employed in washing and cleansing operations and include the carbonates, ortho-phosphates, anhydrous phosphates (pyro-phosphates, polyphopsphates and polymetaphosphates) and the silicates of the alkalies, as well as other conventional washing alkalies.
• additional substances such as those employed in washing and cleansing operations and include the carbonates, ortho-phosphates, anhydrous phosphates (pyro-phosphates, polyphopsphates and polymetaphosphates) and the silicates of the alkalies, as well as other conventional washing alkalies.
• the organic chelate formers of the prior art can also be included in the preparations of the invention.
• organic or inorganic colloids, water-soluble substances of high molecular weight, etc. can be added to them, such as those which serve, for example, as dirt carriers in the washing process.
• the total WAS concentration of the pastes or solutions of the invention may range from 5 to 55, and preferably from 10 to 30, percent of the weight of the total solution or paste. No components other than water need to be present.
• the detergent combinations may also contain conventional solubilizers, such as watersoluble organic solvents, or, more specifically, monovalent of polyvalent alcohols, in addition to ethers made of the same or different polyvalent alcohols, or optionally the partial ethers of polyvalent and monovalent alcohols.
• solubilizers such as watersoluble organic solvents, or, more specifically, monovalent of polyvalent alcohols, in addition to ethers made of the same or different polyvalent alcohols, or optionally the partial ethers of polyvalent and monovalent alcohols.
• solubilizers such as watersoluble organic solvents, or, more specifically, monovalent of polyvalent alcohols, in addition to ethers made of the same or different polyvalent alcohols, or optionally the partial ethers of polyvalent and monovalent alcohols.
• Liquid detergents and cleansers based on the washactive substance combinations of the invention having a content of non-surfactant accompanying substances have approximately the following composition:
• wash-active substance combination 5-45 percent, preferably 10-30 percent, by weight, of
• non-surfactant accompanying substances such as:
• anhydrous phosphates or organic chelating agents preferably pyrophosphates or polyphosphates
• foam stabilizers such as fatty acid amides or fatty acid alkylolamides
• solubilizers 0-10 percent, preferably 2-4 weight percent of solubilizers
• liquid washing and cleansing agents can be produced, which contain all of their ingredients in solution or in a non-settling suspension.
• liquid or paste concentrates of wash-active substances are combined in the form of their technical crude products, either as aqueous pastes or as dry products, in the percentage composition (weight percentage) stated in each case. They are then adjusted with water to the desired concentration and completely dissolved by heating. The clear solutions are bottled in sealed containers and stored for three to four weeks.
• the concentrates thus obtained exhibit structural viscosity, which varies during storage, however, the variation decreases in the course of time and is almost negligible after three to four weeks. The change of viscosity is often accompanied by the formation of turbidity or precipitates and losses of homogeneity.
• the absolute values of the viscosities of the washactive substance concentrates depend to some extent on the structure and the composition of the starting products used for their manufacture; for example, the salt content of the technical washactive substances has an influence. For this reason, precise comparisons of viscosities-are possible only in the case of products which have been made from identical starting materials (i.e., from the same charge of a soap, or of a synthetic detergent) and have been treated in the same manner. In the following tables, such comparison is possible only in products having the same example number. The variations in the absolute values of the viscosities of similarly composed products which can be observed due to this circumstance are nevertheless small in comparison to the viscosity reduction achieved according to the invention.
• the anionic surfactants mentioned therein are sodium salts, and in the case of the sulfo-fatty acid salts, they are disodium salts.
• Ester salts and disalts are identified by the chain length or by stating the origin of the fatty acids, followed by a suflix.
• the sufiix is /Di; in the case of the ester salts, the sufiix is a numeral which indicates the chain length of the alcohol radical. Accordingly, C /Di signifies the disalt of sulfolauric acid, while HPK/l. symbolizes the sulfonate made from hydrogenated palm kernel fatty acid methyl ester.
• HPK products described herein were made from a fatty acid fraction ofthe following composition:
• This fatty acid composition corresponds approximately to the C to C fraction of hydrogenated coconut or palm kernel fatty acid, or mixtures of these fractions.
• ester salts increase the viscosity of the composition when the ester salt is utilized as the principal wash-active substance.
• the ester salts, disalts and any other salt-like WAS compounds that may be present may be in the form of sodium salts or in the form of the salts of other cations.
• Such other cations are, in addition to potassium, lithium and ammonium, organic bases such as mono-, dior triethanolamine.
• sodium and potassium salts can be used together, or potassium and triethanolamine salts, or sodium and potassium and triethanolamine salts.
• Wash-active aqueous concentrate having a liquid to pasty consistency which consists essentially of (a) -55% of wash active substances constituting a mixture of fatty acid soaps having -31 carbon atoms in the fatty acid radicals and a-sulfofatty acid salts having 10 to 12 carbon atoms in the fatty acid radical, in which said a-sulfofatty acid salts are present in an amount of about 4-60% of said mixture; and
• a-sulfonated fatty acid aliphatic ester salts having 10 to 22 carbon atoms in the corresponding a-sulfofatty acid radical and 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the corresponding aliphatic ester radical
• said ester salts constituting 2 to 80% of the combined content of such ester salts and said fatty acid soaps
• said fatty acid soaps constituting at least about 25 of the total wash active substances present.
• said miX- ture includes a-sulfofatty acid salts having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the fatty acid radical, at least 50% thereof being said u-sulfofatty acid salts having 10 to 12 carbon atoms in the fatty acid radical.
• Concentrate according to claim 4 wherein at least two such a-sulfofatty acid salts are present which have fatty acid radicals which differ from each other and from said u-sulfofatty acid salts having 10 to 12 carbon atoms, said at least two such a-sulfofatty acid salts together correspondingly representing at most 50% of the total a-sulfofatty acid salts present.
• Concentrate according to claim 1 wherein at least one supplemental washing and cleansing substance is present which is selected from the group consisting of neutrally reacting inorganic salts, alkali carbonates, alkali orthophosphates, anhydrous alkali phosphates, alkali silicates, organic chelate formers, foam stabilizers, dirt carriers, and water-soluble organic solvents.
• Method of improving the viscosity of a wash active aqueous concentrate having a liquid to pasty consistency and consisting essentially of fatty acid soaps having 10-31 carbon atoms in the fatty acid radicals which comprises admixing such concentrate with a-sulfofatty acid salts having 10-12 carbon atoms in the fatty acid radical in a quantity sufficient to provide a resulting wash active mixture in which the a-sulfofatty acid salts are present in an amount of about 4-60% of said mixture, and in which the improved viscosity concentrate consists essentially of -55% of such wash active mixture and -45% of water, with heating of at least one of the mixture components to dissolve at least some of the resulting mass in the water present.

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• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Cited By (4)

Citations (4)

• 1964
  • 1964-01-10 DE DEH51322A patent/DE1225799B/de active Pending
  • 1964-11-30 NL NL646413897A patent/NL145895B/xx unknown
• 1965
  • 1965-01-04 US US423355A patent/US3377289A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1965-01-08 GB GB846/65A patent/GB1025132A/en not_active Expired
  • 1965-01-08 BE BE658031D patent/BE658031A/xx unknown
  • 1965-01-08 AT AT10265A patent/AT255007B/de active
  • 1965-01-09 FR FR1399A patent/FR1426442A/fr not_active Expired

Patent Citations (4)

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