US3372102A - Electrophoretic printing using source sheet containing an adsorbent material - Google Patents

Electrophoretic printing using source sheet containing an adsorbent material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3372102A
US3372102A US338245A US33824564A US3372102A US 3372102 A US3372102 A US 3372102A US 338245 A US338245 A US 338245A US 33824564 A US33824564 A US 33824564A US 3372102 A US3372102 A US 3372102A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
dye
particles
sheet
adsorbed
dye particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US338245A
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English (en)
Inventor
Donald J J Lennon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carters Ink Co
Original Assignee
Carters Ink Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carters Ink Co filed Critical Carters Ink Co
Priority to US338245A priority Critical patent/US3372102A/en
Priority to BE658190D priority patent/BE658190A/xx
Priority to GB1473/65A priority patent/GB1029843A/en
Priority to FR1820A priority patent/FR1424047A/fr
Priority to LU47787A priority patent/LU47787A1/xx
Priority to DE1696517A priority patent/DE1696517C3/de
Priority to NL656500591A priority patent/NL145058B/xx
Priority to US476385A priority patent/US3409528A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3372102A publication Critical patent/US3372102A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/06—Developers the developer being electrolytic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/20—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein using electric current
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/14—Transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G13/16—Transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G17/00—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process
    • G03G17/04—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process using photoelectrophoresis

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrophoretic printing and more particularly to an improved source sheet for use in electrophoretic printing.
  • Electrophoretic printing is described in the United States Patent application of Gerald Oster, Ser. No. 152,579, filed Nov. 15, 1961 now US. Patent No. 3,145,- 156.
  • it includes a source sheet incorporating ionizable dye particles.
  • a source sheet incorporating ionizable dye particles.
  • an electrical field of appropriate polarity applied across the sheets will cause the ionized dye particles to transfer from the source sheet to the recipient sheet, printing the receipient sheet.
  • the pattern printed on the recipient sheet may be controlled, for example, by shaping the moistened area, the applied electrical field, or by placing a stencil between the sheets.
  • the primary object of this invention is to provide a source sheet in which the dye particles will not readily migrate when ionized, but from which ionized dye particles will readily transfer to the adjacent surface of a recipient sheet in liquid phase therewith under the influence of an electric field.
  • the source sheet of the present invention includes an adsorbent material having ionizable dye particles adsorbed thereon.
  • the adsorptive force binds the dye particles to the adsorbent material and impedes migration of the dye particles when ionized.
  • the surface of the source sheet containing the adsorbed dye particles is placed in contiguous liquid phase with the surface of a recipient sheet, the liquid ionizing the dye particles, and an electrical field is applied across the sheets to overcome the adsorptive force and cause the ionized dye particle to transfer to the recipient sheet.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a particle of adsorptive material having dye particles adsorbed thereon;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation in cross-section of a simple arrangement of electrodes and source and recipient sheets arranged for electrophoretic printing.
  • a particle of adsorptive material 1 is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1. On it have been adsorbed dye particles 2, schematically indicated by cross signs.
  • the adsorptive force between the adsorptive material 1 and the dye particles 2 binds the dye particles to the adsorptive material and prevents their random migration from the adsorptive material.
  • the dye particles conveniently may be adsorbed on the particles of adsorptive material by first forming a slurry of the adsorptive particles in a liquid, and then adding the dye particles to the slurry until substantially the maximum amount of dye is adsorbed by the adsorptive particles.
  • a slurry may be made from adsorptive grade finely ground carbon black particles and water. This slurry will appear black due to the carbon particles, but around the meniscus, the carbon particles are discernible.
  • the dye particles are added slowly, either as a dry powder or as a solution, and the slurry of carbon black particles containing dye particles shaken or thoroughly stirred as the dye is added until the water around the meniscus begins to take on the tinge of the dye.
  • the adsorptive carbon black particles will have adsorbed substantially the maximum quantity of the dye particles. More dye will be adsorbed if the slurry is first allowed to sit for a while, and then more dye particles are added. However, this final bit of dye tends to migrate and readily separate from the adsorptive particles, which is not desirable.
  • the quantity of dye adsorbed by the particles is dependent on many factors, among which are the size of the adsorptive particles and the dye particles, the ionic characteristics of the dye, the chemical characteristics of the dye, and the liquid used to form the slurry.
  • the various factors effecting adsorption are discussed at length in volume five of a series titled Technique 'of Organic Chemistry, published in 1951 by Interscience Publishers,
  • the adsorption characteristics of the dye and adsorbent particles may be balanced against the desorption characteristics during electrophoretic printing to achieve the desired printed dye intensity while minimizing the tendency of the adsorbed dye particles to migrate over a period of time either to oppositely charged dye particles or to adjacent sheets when ionized.
  • the adsorbent material with the adsorbed dye particles may be coated or impregnated on the surface of the source sheet or incorporated into the paper during the papermaking process, or it may be deposited on the source sheet in a selected pattern by printing or writing the material onto the source sheet.
  • the surface of a source sheet on which the adsorbent material with its dye particles 2 have been deposited is placed in contiguous fluid phase with the surface of a recipient sheet 4, as by wetting the contacting faces with water, to ionize the dye particles.
  • Sheet electrodes 5 and 6 are placed over the outer surface of the source and recipient sheets, and a source of direct electric potential 7 connected between the electrodes to apply an electric field of the appropriate polarity and magnitude across the sheets.
  • This field overcomes the adsorptive force and causes the adsorbed ionized dye particles to be transferred to the surface of the recipient sheet, which is thereby printed.
  • the dye particles are held by the adsorptive particles to the source sheet. They will transfer only after they have been ionized, and an appropriate electric field applied to them. They have no tendency to naturally migrate.
  • the adsorbed dyes on the source sheets showed no substantial tendency to migrate, even when purposely ionized.
  • oppositely ionizing dyes No. 3 and No. 4 were deposited on the same source sheet, they also showed substantially no tendency when ionized to migrate together, or precipitate.
  • the source sheets were used in electrophoretic printing, and excellent transfer of the dyes to the recipient sheet was obtained.
  • the dyes listed above are only exemplary of those which may be employed in electrophoretic printing. It is to be understood that any other ionizable dye, such as those listed in Table I of the Oster application supra, also may be used, either singly or in combination with one another.
  • the adsorbent particles carrying different adsorbed dyes may be mixed and applied to the source sheet without fear of the dyes precipitating and migrating together. If the dyes were not adsorbed, they would have to be separately applied to the sheet, or they would precipitate.
  • colorless adsorbents such as alumina or silica gel
  • dyes of different color and relative printing mobility may be adsorbed on such colorless adsorbents and one dye removed from a selected area of the source sheet by electrophoresis to leave a corresponding area of a different color on the source sheet.
  • the natural black color of such adsorbents may be utilized to completely conceal the color of the dye or dyes adsorbed thereon.
  • These particles may be used in ordinary black or white printing processes, and the genuineness of the article printed with such particles may be ascertained by retrieving the adsorbent dye or dyes by electrophoresis. After ascertaining the genuineness of such printed sheets, the carbon particles would remain black and the printing will not be rendered illegible or distorted. Dyes of different polarity or mobility may be adsorbed together on the material used in an ordinary printing process.
  • Any selected dye could be withdrawn by electrophoresis from the printed sheet by selecting the correct polarity and duration of the applied electrical field to thereby retrieve different quanta of information. Also, by adsorbing dyes of different colors on the adsorbent material, multi-color printed images can be obtained.
  • Adsorbent particles carrying adsorbed dye or dyes may be included in the paper-making process, and the resultant source sheet subsequently coated with a layer of cellulose fibers. After ionizing the adsorbed dye particles of such a source sheet, the ionized dye particles could be transferred by electrophoresis to the surface of the source sheet, producing an image, or even to the surface of a recipient sheet in fluid contact with the source sheet, printing it.
  • a process of electrophoretic printing which comprises providing a source sheet having at one surface a fluid phase containing an adsorbent material having ionizable dye particles adsorbed thereon, placing a recipient sheet in surface-to-surface contact with said surface of the source sheet and in contiguous fluid phase with said adsorbed ionized dye particles, and applying an electrical field across said sheets to cause said adsorbed ionized dye particles to be transferred to the recipient sheet to print the recipient sheet.
  • a process of electrophoretic printing which comprises providing a source sheet having at one surface a fluid phase containing an adsorbent material having ionizable dye particles of different relative characteristics including color, mobility and electrical charge adsorbed thereon, the color of the adsorbent material dominating and concealing the dye particles, the dye particles and adsorbent material being disposed on said source sheet in selected patterns, placing a recipient sheet in surface-tosurface contact with said surface of the source sheet and in contiguous fluid phase with said ionized dye particles, and applying an electrical field across said sheets of se- 5 lected polarity and intensity for a selected interval to cause a selected group of said ionized dye particles to be transferred to the recipient sheet whereby the pattern of a selected group of dye particles is transferred to the recipient sheet.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Color Printing (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
US338245A 1964-01-16 1964-01-16 Electrophoretic printing using source sheet containing an adsorbent material Expired - Lifetime US3372102A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US338245A US3372102A (en) 1964-01-16 1964-01-16 Electrophoretic printing using source sheet containing an adsorbent material
BE658190D BE658190A (un) 1964-01-16 1965-01-12
FR1820A FR1424047A (fr) 1964-01-16 1965-01-13 Impression par électrophorèse
GB1473/65A GB1029843A (en) 1964-01-16 1965-01-13 Electrophoretic printing
LU47787A LU47787A1 (un) 1964-01-16 1965-01-14
DE1696517A DE1696517C3 (de) 1964-01-16 1965-01-15 Farbstoffträgerblatt zum Drucken mittels Elektrophorese
NL656500591A NL145058B (nl) 1964-01-16 1965-01-18 Werkwijze voor het elektroforetisch drukken en bronvel te gebruiken bij deze werkwijze.
US476385A US3409528A (en) 1964-01-16 1965-08-02 Two-color electrophoretic printing

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US338245A US3372102A (en) 1964-01-16 1964-01-16 Electrophoretic printing using source sheet containing an adsorbent material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3372102A true US3372102A (en) 1968-03-05

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US338245A Expired - Lifetime US3372102A (en) 1964-01-16 1964-01-16 Electrophoretic printing using source sheet containing an adsorbent material
US476385A Expired - Lifetime US3409528A (en) 1964-01-16 1965-08-02 Two-color electrophoretic printing

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US476385A Expired - Lifetime US3409528A (en) 1964-01-16 1965-08-02 Two-color electrophoretic printing

Country Status (7)

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US (2) US3372102A (un)
BE (1) BE658190A (un)
DE (1) DE1696517C3 (un)
FR (1) FR1424047A (un)
GB (1) GB1029843A (un)
LU (1) LU47787A1 (un)
NL (1) NL145058B (un)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3493481A (en) * 1966-10-27 1970-02-03 Photocircuits Corp Method of testing printed circuit boards
US3637360A (en) * 1969-08-26 1972-01-25 Us Industries Inc Process for making cubical sintered aluminous abrasive grains
US3720617A (en) * 1970-05-20 1973-03-13 Xerox Corp An electrostatic developer containing modified silicon dioxide particles
US4013531A (en) * 1975-03-26 1977-03-22 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of producing high molecular film containing ionized material
US4115234A (en) * 1975-04-17 1978-09-19 Stork Brabant B.V. Electrophoretic transfer process
US4298448A (en) * 1979-02-02 1981-11-03 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Electrophoretic display
US20080137081A1 (en) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 Fujifilm Corporation Method and system for raman spectroscopy with arbitrary sample cell

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3787206A (en) * 1971-10-21 1974-01-22 Xerox Corp Photoelectricphoretic imaging method including at least one electrode carrying a pattern
US5538601A (en) * 1995-09-14 1996-07-23 Elcorsy Inc. Electrocoagulation printing and apparatus

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3145156A (en) * 1961-11-15 1964-08-18 Carter S Ink Co Electrophoretic printing

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3145156A (en) * 1961-11-15 1964-08-18 Carter S Ink Co Electrophoretic printing

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3493481A (en) * 1966-10-27 1970-02-03 Photocircuits Corp Method of testing printed circuit boards
US3637360A (en) * 1969-08-26 1972-01-25 Us Industries Inc Process for making cubical sintered aluminous abrasive grains
US3720617A (en) * 1970-05-20 1973-03-13 Xerox Corp An electrostatic developer containing modified silicon dioxide particles
US4013531A (en) * 1975-03-26 1977-03-22 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of producing high molecular film containing ionized material
US4115234A (en) * 1975-04-17 1978-09-19 Stork Brabant B.V. Electrophoretic transfer process
US4298448A (en) * 1979-02-02 1981-11-03 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Electrophoretic display
US20080137081A1 (en) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 Fujifilm Corporation Method and system for raman spectroscopy with arbitrary sample cell

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1696517C3 (de) 1974-06-06
DE1696517B2 (de) 1973-10-31
LU47787A1 (un) 1965-03-15
NL145058B (nl) 1975-02-17
BE658190A (un) 1965-04-30
NL6500591A (un) 1965-07-19
DE1696517A1 (de) 1971-11-11
US3409528A (en) 1968-11-05
GB1029843A (en) 1966-05-18
FR1424047A (fr) 1966-01-07

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