US3372023A - Method of monitoring and controlling the oxygen blowing process - Google Patents

Method of monitoring and controlling the oxygen blowing process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3372023A
US3372023A US456713A US45671365A US3372023A US 3372023 A US3372023 A US 3372023A US 456713 A US456713 A US 456713A US 45671365 A US45671365 A US 45671365A US 3372023 A US3372023 A US 3372023A
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Prior art keywords
oxygen
metal bath
amount
carbon
controlling
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Expired - Lifetime
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US456713A
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English (en)
Inventor
Krainer Helmut
Maatsch Jurgen
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Beteiligungs und Patentverwaltungs GmbH
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Beteiligungs und Patentverwaltungs GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of monitoring and automatically controlling the reactions occurring in the oxygen blowing process between the metal bath, the slag and the gas phase.
  • NTP oxygen per each ton of pig iron whereby one part of the oxygen may also be added in the form of ores.
  • other undesirable accompanying elements such as silicon, phosphorus, sulphur, etc. must be removed during the refining process. Essentially, these substances are in the slag in the form of oxide compounds. For this purpose, the formation of a slag of suitable composition is required.
  • the ingredients remaining in the finished steel depend not only upon the thermodynamic equilibria, but particularly upon the reaction speed, which, in turn, is dependent upon the mass-transport-processes.
  • the mass exchange at the interface between the metal bath and the slag can be enhanced by a stirring effect of the carbon oxide rising from the metal bath, as well as by the additional mechanical agitation by means of the oxygen jet.
  • the slag formation and the stirring action are dependent, on the one hand, upon the manner, in which the blown-in oxygen enters into a chemical and mechanical reciprocal action with the metal bath and the slag, and, on the other hand, upon the fact whether the oxygen reacts directly or by way of the slag with the metal bath, and also, how the oxygen is distributed in the metal bath onto the individual components, such as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, iron, etc.
  • the metal bath is essentially affected by the characteristics of the oxygen blowing jet, in the area of impingement, such as the momentum of the stream and the stream density.
  • a characterizing measure for the slag formation and the reactions between the slag and the metal bath is the distribution of the oxygen blown onto the metal bath upon the reactions with the carbon of the metal bath,
  • a characteristic for the distribution of the oxygen blown onto the metal bath, with respect to the various reactions, is the ratio of the oxygen amount bound in the carbon of the metal bath per time unit, denoted dO /dt, i.e. the
  • one object of the present invention to provide a method of monitoring and controlling automatically the reactions taking place in the oxygen blowing process between the metal bath, the slag and the gas phase, wherein by means of various values, continually measured and fed into an electronic or other computer, and relating to the oxygen flow rate, the waste gas stream, as well as to the chemical composition of the waste gases with respect to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen and hydrogen, a characteristic 0 for the distribution of oxygen for the reactions occuring in the reaction vessel is calculated according to about the following equation:
  • V O the flow rate of dry waste gases converted to standard conditions, e.g. 0 C. and one atmosphere
  • C0, CO 0 and H the volumetric percentage values of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen and hydrogen, respectively, contained in the dry exhaust gases within the gas exhaust system of the reaction vessel.
  • the hydrogen content has to be considered only, if substantial amounts are formed owing to a reaction of carbon monoxide with water vapor in the gas exhaust system at a point located upstream of the taking of a gas sample.
  • the oxygen distribution can be altered during the blowing process within a wide range and can be adjusted to a value favorable for the metallurgical course of the process by changing the distance between the blowing nozzle and the metal bath surface and/ or the pressurized oxygen jet stream, which both affect the momentum and the stream density of the pressurized oxygen jet within the region of impinging.
  • Another control can further be obtained by feeding additives to the bath.
  • a desired value is fed to set value transmitter for the characteristic of the oxygen distribution 0 and with the aid of this desired value for the characteristic of the oxygen distribution 0,, the pressurized oxygen jet stream and/or the distance between the blowing nozzle and the metal bath surface, and/ or also the feeding of additives, are controlled during the course of the process.
  • the desired value for the oxygen distribution characteristic 0 set either manually or by feeding a function, variable according to the duration of the oxygen blow, into an electronic computer or like means.
  • other measured values can also furnish information on the prevailing metallurgical conditions of the metal bath and of the slag in the reaction vessel. It is, therefore, advantageous to correct the aforementioned function variable with the oxygen blowing time for the desired value of the characteristic of the oxygen distribution O by further measured values, for example, the temperature of the metal bath, the intensities of certain frequencies of the converter noise, the conductivity between the oxygen blowing lance, suspended in an electrically insulated manner, and the metal bath, the speed of the carbon removal, and amount of the carbon removed from the metal bath, respectively.
  • the characteristic of the oxygen distribution is obtained with a certain indication delay, depending primarily upon the speed of the applied gas-analysis process, it is furthermore advantageous to control step by step the pressurized oxygen jet stream, the distance between the jet nozzle and the metal-bath surface, as well as the addition of additive substances, and furthermore, to stop intermittently after each control step, depending upon the delay of the indication.
  • a converter 3 contains a metal-slag bath 4 and is provided with conventional inlet and outlet openings.
  • An oxygen blowing lance 1 projecting into the converter 3 in conventional manner feeds the presurized oxygen indicated by the arrow 2 onto the metal-slag 4, and reacts there substantially with the metalloids contained in the pig iron, as carbon, phosphorus, silicon, etc.
  • the converter waste gases created during the reaction of the oxygen with the carbon, which waste gases are indicated by the arrows 5, are caught in a gas receiving hood 6 and are fed through cooled conduits 7, for instance into a waste heat boiler 8.
  • gas cooling devices 9 and in a dust remover 10 the gases are cooled and cleaned.
  • the cooled and cleaned waste gases are fed off by means of a blower 11.
  • the oxygen blowing lance 1 is equipped with a device 12 for lifting and lowering, and an indicating device 13 indicating the lance position.
  • a feeding device 14 serves for the feeding of additives into the converter.
  • the oxygen characteristic 0 is defined by the ratio between the amount of oxygen dO /dt reacting with the carbon of the metal bath per time unit, i.e. the speed of oxidation of the carbon, and the amount of oxygen blown onto the metal bath per time unit,dO /dt, namely the oxygen flow rate
  • the determination of the oxygen flow rate takes place in a pressurized oxygen feeding conduit 16, connected with the oxygen blowing lance 1 by means of a connecting tube 15 by a presure measurement at the point 17 and a temperature measurement at the point 18 and a differential pressure measurement at the point 19.
  • the determined measured values are electrically transmitted to one electronic computer 21, as indicated by the arrows 20.
  • the determination of the volume of the dry exhaust gas stream V takes place in the gas conduits 7 with the aid of a pressure measuring point 22 disposed beyond the dust separator 10, a temperature measuring point 23 and a difierential pressure measuring point 24.
  • the values of the volume of the waste gas stream obtained by these measurements are transmitted electrically to the electronic computer 21, as indicated by the arrows 25.
  • All measuring values fed into the electronic computer 21, as well as the intermediate and end values calculated therefrom, such as the pressurized oxygen stream, the amount and the composition of the waste gases, etc. are indicated and recorded, respectively on indicating and recording devices 30 continuously.
  • a desired value for the characteristic of the oxygen distribution 0 during the blowing of oxygen is fed into the set point transmitter 31 either manually or by way of an empirically obtained function depending upon the oxygen blowing time, as indicated by the arrow 32.
  • measuring values 33 are fed into the transmitter 31, which measuring values render information regarding the prevailing metallurgical state of the metal-slag bath 4 within the converted 3, such as, for example, the temperature of the metal bath, the intensity of particular frequencies of the converter noise, the conductivity between the oxygen blowing lance 1, suspended in an electrically insulated manner, and the metal bath, the speed of the carbon removal and the carbon amount burnt in the metal bath, respectively.
  • the pressurized oxygen stream is controlled by an oxygen valve 34 acted upon by a controller 35; the position of the oxygen blowing lance 1 with its lifting and lowering device 12 is controlled by the way of a controller 36, and the feeding of additives by means of the feeding device 14 is controlled by means of a controller 37.
  • upper and lower limiting values are preset, as indicated by additional arrows 38.
  • the characteristic for the oxygen-distribution is indicated with a certain delay, e.g., of sec., it is favorable to raise and to lower, respectively, stepwise the oXygen blowing lace 1 and/or to increase and to throttle the oxygen supply stepwise, respectively.
  • the same expedient is applied when feeding additives thereto.
  • the control function ceases for a short time period, for example, 20 seconds, whereby the length of this time period is a function of the indication delay.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
US456713A 1964-05-23 1965-05-18 Method of monitoring and controlling the oxygen blowing process Expired - Lifetime US3372023A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1964B0076907 DE1433443B2 (de) 1964-05-23 1964-05-23 Verfahren zur ueberwachung und regelung der sauerstoffauf blasverfahren

Publications (1)

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US3372023A true US3372023A (en) 1968-03-05

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US456713A Expired - Lifetime US3372023A (en) 1964-05-23 1965-05-18 Method of monitoring and controlling the oxygen blowing process

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US (1) US3372023A (enExample)
AT (1) AT289873B (enExample)
BE (1) BE664269A (enExample)
DE (1) DE1433443B2 (enExample)
FR (1) FR1444240A (enExample)
GB (1) GB1097455A (enExample)
LU (1) LU48662A1 (enExample)
NL (1) NL6506507A (enExample)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3450867A (en) * 1966-03-14 1969-06-17 Leeds & Northrup Co Estimated tap temperature calculator for basic oxygen furnace
US3485619A (en) * 1965-10-04 1969-12-23 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Method of automatic control and adjustment of oxygen blowing processes
US3505062A (en) * 1965-10-24 1970-04-07 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Method for positioning an oxygen lance
US3520678A (en) * 1967-12-12 1970-07-14 United States Steel Corp Method of operating basic oxygen furnace
US3522035A (en) * 1966-12-14 1970-07-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Determining operation of furnace vessel
US3528800A (en) * 1966-02-14 1970-09-15 Leeds & Northrup Co Optimized blowing control for basic oxygen furnaces
US3534143A (en) * 1968-10-25 1970-10-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Computer control of metal treatment furnace operation
US3533778A (en) * 1966-04-20 1970-10-13 Centre Nat Rech Metall Automatic control of pig iron refining
US3540879A (en) * 1967-06-27 1970-11-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method for controlling phosphorus removal in a basic oxygen furnace
US3542539A (en) * 1968-07-25 1970-11-24 Bethlehem Steel Corp Process for controlling the refining of a molten ferrous bath in a basic oxygen furnace
US3561743A (en) * 1967-10-17 1971-02-09 Gen Electric Use of stack gas as oxygen potential measurements to control the bof process
US3598386A (en) * 1967-10-09 1971-08-10 Crucible Steel Co America Apparatus for making steel
US3619174A (en) * 1965-11-27 1971-11-09 Sumitomo Metal Ind Method for controlling the carbon content in and/or the temperature of the steel
US3653650A (en) * 1968-12-27 1972-04-04 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Method of controlling the exhaust gas flow volume in an oxygen top-blowing converter
US3719469A (en) * 1970-07-22 1973-03-06 Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc Control for basic oxygen steelmaking furnace
US3720404A (en) * 1967-06-27 1973-03-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp System for controlling carbon removal in a basic oxygen furnace
US3741557A (en) * 1970-08-13 1973-06-26 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Apparatus for control of carbon content in steel produced in basic oxygen furnace process
US3773495A (en) * 1968-06-26 1973-11-20 Centre Rech Metallurgique Process for the automatic control of the pig iron refining operation
US3796421A (en) * 1970-02-18 1974-03-12 Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk Process for producing chrome steels and a converter for carrying out the process
US3847593A (en) * 1971-07-13 1974-11-12 Centro Speriment Metallurg Process for refining metals, in particular liquid pig iron, in oxygen converters with continuous control of the operative procedure
US3895784A (en) * 1972-10-06 1975-07-22 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for and method of optimum burning of carbon monoxide in a converter
US4251503A (en) * 1978-09-19 1981-02-17 Erco Industries Limited Efficiency control system for chlorine dioxide plants

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU52150A1 (enExample) * 1966-10-11 1968-05-07
AU505706B2 (en) * 1976-02-24 1979-11-29 Nippon Steel Corporation Controlling molten steel temperature and carbon content in oxygen converter
NL1006553C2 (nl) * 1997-07-11 1999-01-12 Hoogovens Staal Bv Werkwijze voor het sturen (control) van een smelting reduction process.
DE102009030190A1 (de) * 2009-06-24 2011-01-13 Lischka, Helmut, Dr. Injektionsmetallurgisches Einblasverfahren
CN113512620B (zh) * 2020-04-10 2024-04-26 北京凯德恒源科技发展有限公司 气体分析+副枪的转炉冶炼全过程终点碳动态控制方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3100699A (en) * 1959-09-11 1963-08-13 Huettenwerk Oberhausen Ag Control system and process for refining metals
US3236630A (en) * 1961-10-23 1966-02-22 United States Steel Corp Oxygen steelmaking

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3100699A (en) * 1959-09-11 1963-08-13 Huettenwerk Oberhausen Ag Control system and process for refining metals
US3236630A (en) * 1961-10-23 1966-02-22 United States Steel Corp Oxygen steelmaking

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3485619A (en) * 1965-10-04 1969-12-23 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Method of automatic control and adjustment of oxygen blowing processes
US3505062A (en) * 1965-10-24 1970-04-07 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Method for positioning an oxygen lance
US3619174A (en) * 1965-11-27 1971-11-09 Sumitomo Metal Ind Method for controlling the carbon content in and/or the temperature of the steel
US3528800A (en) * 1966-02-14 1970-09-15 Leeds & Northrup Co Optimized blowing control for basic oxygen furnaces
US3450867A (en) * 1966-03-14 1969-06-17 Leeds & Northrup Co Estimated tap temperature calculator for basic oxygen furnace
US3533778A (en) * 1966-04-20 1970-10-13 Centre Nat Rech Metall Automatic control of pig iron refining
US3522035A (en) * 1966-12-14 1970-07-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Determining operation of furnace vessel
US3720404A (en) * 1967-06-27 1973-03-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp System for controlling carbon removal in a basic oxygen furnace
US3540879A (en) * 1967-06-27 1970-11-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method for controlling phosphorus removal in a basic oxygen furnace
US3598386A (en) * 1967-10-09 1971-08-10 Crucible Steel Co America Apparatus for making steel
US3561743A (en) * 1967-10-17 1971-02-09 Gen Electric Use of stack gas as oxygen potential measurements to control the bof process
US3520678A (en) * 1967-12-12 1970-07-14 United States Steel Corp Method of operating basic oxygen furnace
US3773495A (en) * 1968-06-26 1973-11-20 Centre Rech Metallurgique Process for the automatic control of the pig iron refining operation
US3542539A (en) * 1968-07-25 1970-11-24 Bethlehem Steel Corp Process for controlling the refining of a molten ferrous bath in a basic oxygen furnace
US3534143A (en) * 1968-10-25 1970-10-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp Computer control of metal treatment furnace operation
US3653650A (en) * 1968-12-27 1972-04-04 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Method of controlling the exhaust gas flow volume in an oxygen top-blowing converter
US3796421A (en) * 1970-02-18 1974-03-12 Maximilianshuette Eisenwerk Process for producing chrome steels and a converter for carrying out the process
US3719469A (en) * 1970-07-22 1973-03-06 Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc Control for basic oxygen steelmaking furnace
US3741557A (en) * 1970-08-13 1973-06-26 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Apparatus for control of carbon content in steel produced in basic oxygen furnace process
US3847593A (en) * 1971-07-13 1974-11-12 Centro Speriment Metallurg Process for refining metals, in particular liquid pig iron, in oxygen converters with continuous control of the operative procedure
US3895784A (en) * 1972-10-06 1975-07-22 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for and method of optimum burning of carbon monoxide in a converter
US4251503A (en) * 1978-09-19 1981-02-17 Erco Industries Limited Efficiency control system for chlorine dioxide plants

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1444240A (fr) 1966-07-01
GB1097455A (en) 1968-01-03
NL6506507A (enExample) 1965-11-24
DE1433443B2 (de) 1972-01-27
BE664269A (enExample) 1965-09-16
DE1433443A1 (de) 1968-12-19
LU48662A1 (enExample) 1965-07-21
AT289873B (de) 1971-05-10

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