US3370278A - Magnetic bistable device and control system using such devices - Google Patents

Magnetic bistable device and control system using such devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US3370278A
US3370278A US318270A US31827063A US3370278A US 3370278 A US3370278 A US 3370278A US 318270 A US318270 A US 318270A US 31827063 A US31827063 A US 31827063A US 3370278 A US3370278 A US 3370278A
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United States
Prior art keywords
magnetic
elements
source
magnetizing
main
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US318270A
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English (en)
Inventor
Franciscus J J Hendrickx
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0073—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding actuated by relative movement between two magnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C3/00—Sorting according to destination
    • B07C3/003—Destination control; Electro-mechanical or electro- magnetic delay memories
    • B07C3/005—Destination control; Electro-mechanical or electro- magnetic delay memories the transport holders of objects being provided with means for storing the destination signals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C3/00—Sorting according to destination
    • B07C3/10—Apparatus characterised by the means used for detection ofthe destination
    • B07C3/16—Apparatus characterised by the means used for detection ofthe destination using magnetic detecting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/08—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid using a permanent magnet
    • F16K31/082—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid using a permanent magnet using a electromagnet and a permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H01H36/0006—Permanent magnet actuating reed switches

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a magnetic device comprising at least one magnetic element having at least two stable conditions which are determined in association with at least one magnetizing source having two possible output conditions.
  • a magnetic stable device of this general type is disclosed in US. Patent 2,770,796 (H. Boer), granted Nov. 13, 1956, wherein the magnetic element is one which is normally not magnetized and which is subjected to the field produced by said magnetizing source in order to register, by the magnetization produced therein, the condition of the magnetizing source.
  • Such magnetization requires a relatively large magnetic field by virtue of the absence of physical contact between the magnetizing source and the magnetic element, and also due to the high impedance presented by the latter to the magnetic energy of the former.
  • the present magnetic device is characterized by the provision of a magnetic element which is mounted for rotation.
  • This element is a permanent magnet having 2m(m l) poles, which, when moved into proximity to said magnetizing source in one or the other source condition, is either angularlydisplaced or remains stationary so that the part thereof which is nearest to said magnetizing source exhibits a pole having a polarity opposite the one exhibited by the proximate part of said magnetizing source.
  • the device further includes holding means adapted to coact with said magnetic element for maintaining the latter in predetermined angular positions.
  • the present magnetic device is also characterized in that said holding means comprises an auxiliary element which is a permanent magnet having 2m(m21) poles and which is rotatably mounted in close proximity to the main magnetic element.
  • the present control system employs magnetic devices of the above described type and features coding means each of which comprises a magnetizing source having two possible conditions and each coacting with pairs of main and auxiliary permanent magnet elements, each having 2m(m 1) poles which are rotatably mounted in close proximity to each other.
  • the main and auxiliary permanent magnets constituting a magnetic register element are either both angularly displaced, or both remain stationary, whereby the part of the main permanent magnet which is nearest to said magnetizing source exhibits a pole having a polarity which is opposed to the one exhibited by the nearest pole of said magnetizing source.
  • FIG. 1 represents a magnetic bistable device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a detecting means included in a control system according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 represents a control system according to the invention.
  • the present magnetic bistable device includes a magnetizing source 1 and two annular permanent magnets 2 and 3.
  • the magnetizing source 1 includes a core 4 on which is wound a winding 5 which is coupled to a DC source 6 via change-over contacts 7 and 8.
  • the main and auxiliary magnetic elements 2 and 3 respectively, are supported by and freely rotatable about the rigid wires 9 and 10 which pass through their respective centers.
  • the change-over contacts 7 and 8 form part of a manually operable key (not shown) which has two stable positions, namely a rest position wherein the contacts 7, 8 are in the position shown in FIG. 1 and an operative position wherein these contacts are in the opposite work position.
  • the core 4 is so magnetized that its lower end exhibits a north pole.
  • Each of the magnetic elements 2, 3, may have 2m poles, where m is any integer greater than zero, but in the following it is assumed that only two-pole elements are employed, one radial half of the element forming one pole and the other radial half constituting the other pole.
  • the above magnetic bistable device operates as follows. Suppose that the main and auxiliary magnetic elements 2, 3 are in the positions shown i.e. both have their south pole directed towards the core 4. The south pole of the magnetic element 2 is then strongly attracted by the north pole at the lower edge of core 4 when the contacts 7, 8 are in the normal rest position. When an operator sets the above-mentioned key to the active position, the contacts 7, 8 travel to their active positions and due to this the core 4 is magnetized so as to exhibit a south pole at its lower end. This south pole tends to repel the south pole of the magnetic element 2 and the latter, being freely rotatable, tends to pivot about the rigid wire 9 in the sense indicated.
  • the couple of magnetic elements 2, 3 - can be set to one of two stable conditions. It may also be noted that the condition of the magnetizing source remains stably registered in the associated couple of magnetic elements when the latter are moved out of the range of influence of the former. Should the source be in the -condition when the magnetic elements are coupled thereto, the magnetic elements are also set to the O-condition, their south poles being directed towards the core 4 of the source. On the other hand, if the source is in the l-condition, the contacts 7, 8 being then in their active positions, the magnetic elements are also set to the l-condition, their north poles being directed towards the core 4 of the source.
  • the auxiliary magnetic element 3 initially impedes the rotation of the main magnetic element 2 and then rotates therewith.
  • this auxiliary magnetic element 3 constitutes a holding means for the main magnetic element and prevents the latter from pivoting from the 0-position to the 1-position under the influence of forces other than those produced by the magnetizing source 1. If the main magnetic element has 2 poles and is subjected to such an extraneous force, the element will be set to a new condition only if the extraneous force causes the element to undergo a rotational displacement of 180. For an element having 4 poles this safety margin would become equal to 90, etc. i.e. the safety margin becomes smaller as the number of poles is increased.
  • the plane AA passing through the centers of the stationary magnetic elements 2, 3 should not be aligned with the extension of the median plane BB through the core 4, since, in the latter case, the magnetic force vector resulting from the fields produced by the magnetizing source 1 and the magnetic element 2 passes through the center of the element 2 and would hence not produce a torque to pivot the latter.
  • This detecting means is constituted by a reed switch comprising contacts 11-12 which is mounted in a sealed envelope 13 and close to which is mounted a permanent magnet 14 which exhibits north and south poles at its upper and lower ends respectively, this south pole facing the upper part of the reed 11.
  • the attraction force produced by themagnetic field of the permanent magnet in the gap where the reeds 11 and 12 face each other is supposed to be insufficient to realize the contact between these reeds. Due to this, the contacts 11-12 is normally open and it may be said that the permanent magnet polarizes the reed switch 13 in a predetermined or 0-condition.
  • the reed switch is preferably of the wetted contact type, such a type permitting an extremely high number of operations before it begins to deteriorate.
  • the magnetizing sources 1 and the magnetic elements 2, 3 are disposed as shown in FIG. 1 and conveying means are provided for displacing these elements towards detecting means such as shown in FIG. 2 along a horizontal plane aa which is perpendicular to the median plane B--B of the core, or along a cylindrical surface.
  • a control system in which a plurality of code registers are mounted on an endless main conveyor, for the purpose of conveying code signals from a fixed mechanism, operated from an operators keyboard, to control conveying and sorting apparatus.
  • an intermediate endless conveyor is interposed, at each input station, between the fixed mechanism and the main conveyor.
  • This intermediate conveyor is provided with one or more intermediate registers regularly spaced, which transfer the code indication of the fixed mechanism to the registers on the main conveyor.
  • the auxiliary conveyor permits the fixed mechanism to register a given code during a time substantially independent of the number of inputs. In other words, the maximum coding time is given to the operator controlling the keyboard.
  • the code registers on the main conveyor and the intermediate code registers are mechanically operated, so that they are subjected to wear.
  • Another disadvantage of this known control system is that it requires a mechanism having an epicyclic pattern of movement, on which are mounted the intermediate registers, for subjecting the latter to a translation movement only and for ensuring a proper cooperation with the registers on the main conveyor for the transfer of the registered code.
  • FIG. 3 shows a main conveyor 15, a number of code registers 16, an intermediate register 17, a coding circuit 18 which is operated from an operators keyboard (not shown) and a detecting station 19.
  • the keyboard of the operators stage comprises three sets each having ten keys, these sets of ten keys being used for selectively recording the respective units, tens and hundreds digits of a destination.
  • each destination is to be translated in a Z-out-of-S binary code. Therefore each key controls two out of five pairs of change-over contacts, each such pair constituting part of a magnetizing source of the type shown in FIG. 1. In other words, each key is able: to set two out of five magnetizing sources to the l-condition. To each set of ten keys are associated a set of fivemagnetizing sources, and each key of a set controls a different pair of magnetizing sources of the associated set according to the above 2-out-of-5 binary code. The three sets of five magnetizing sources, of which only one source is shown, are mounted next to each other above and transversely with respect to the direction of movement of the conveyor 15.
  • the intermediate conveyor 17 comprises a drum 20 which is rotatable about an axis 21 in the direction shown and which carries a number of pairs of rigid Wires such as 22, 23, this number being equal to the number of operators.
  • the wires 22, 23 extend parallel to the rotation axis 21 of the drum which is parallel to the conveyor 15 and perpendicular to the direction of displacement thereof.
  • each of the wires 22, 23 are threaded three sets of five magnetic elements such as 24, 25, the elements 24 being the main ones and the elements 25 being auxiliary or holding ones.
  • the threaded magnetic elements are all identical and may for instance have a diameter of 20 mm., and a spacing between successive elements, on the same wire, on the order of 25 mm.
  • a support 26 carrying a plurality of parallel rigid wires such as 27, 28 which are situated parallel to the conveyor 15 and which extend transversely thereto.
  • wires 27, 28 are threaded three sets each including five magnetic element such as 29, 30, elements 29 being the main ones and elements 30 being the auxiliary or holding ones.
  • These magnetic elements may for instance each have a diameter of 12 mm., with a spacing of.25 mm. between successive elements on any wire, and with a separation between successive wires 27, of 40 mm.
  • the detecting station 19 includes 1000 groups of detecting means, each such group being disposed above and transversely with respect to the conveyor 15.
  • Each group of detecting means comprises three pairs of reed switches of the type shown in FIG. 2 which are positioned so as to respond simultaneously to the three particular pairs of code bits which characterize the corresponding destination as manifested by the elements 29 on the main conveyor 15.
  • the six reed switch contacts such as 11, 12 of each of the 1000 groups are connected in series with the win-ding of a corresponding one of 1000 electromagnets 31, across the poles of a DC source (not shown). In this manner the electromagnet 31 will be operated only if all six reed switches in series with its winding have been operated simultaneously, and this ocurs only when the associated code signal combination is applied to the reed switches.
  • a magnetic device comprising a permanent magnetic element having at least two poles
  • Magnetic bistable device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said main and auxiliary permanent magnets are identical.
  • Magnetic bistable device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said magnetizing source and said magnetic element are so disposed with respect to each other that the magnetic force vector which results from the fields produced by said magnetizing source and said magnetic element is not confined to the center of said magnetic element.
  • Control system for registering and detecting information, comprising one or more sets of fixedly mounted coding means for coding information,
  • one or more sets of fixedly mounted detecting means including a contact which is polarized by means of a permanent magnet for detecting the thus coded information.
  • conveying means for conveying said magnetic register elements from said coding means towards said de tecting means
  • each of said coding means comprising a magnetizing source having two possible conditions
  • each of said magnetic register elements comprising a magnetic couple including rotatably mounted main and auxiliary permanent magnets, each having at least two poles which are mounted in close proximity to each other, and
  • each said magnetic register element being effective

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Discharge Of Articles From Conveyors (AREA)
  • Control Of Conveyors (AREA)
  • Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)
US318270A 1962-11-12 1963-10-23 Magnetic bistable device and control system using such devices Expired - Lifetime US3370278A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL285390 1962-11-12

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US (1) US3370278A (en:Method)
BE (1) BE639745A (en:Method)
CH (1) CH415751A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE1288195B (en:Method)
GB (1) GB988758A (en:Method)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3445825A (en) * 1965-11-26 1969-05-20 Daymarc Corp Magnetically bistabilized mechanical memory device
US3447105A (en) * 1967-09-21 1969-05-27 Shlesinger Jr Bernard E Polarized magnetic cable switch programming system and apparatus
US3460115A (en) * 1965-08-16 1969-08-05 Ex Cell O Corp Magnetic pin information storage system
US3524176A (en) * 1967-01-25 1970-08-11 Europ Handelsges Anst Magnetic information storage carrier with individual storage elements
WO2010000597A1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2010-01-07 Stem S.R.L. Bistable magnetic proximity sensor
EP4412445A4 (en) * 2021-10-05 2025-08-13 The State Of Israel Ministry Of Agriculture & Rural Development Agricultural Res Organization Aro Vo ADJUSTABLE DRIPPER VALVE AND CORRESPONDING SYSTEM

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2252867C2 (de) * 1972-10-27 1982-06-09 Albert Steinmeier Kg, 7972 Neutrauchburg Meßgerät zur Messung der Bewegung eines Körpers und/oder mit der Bewegung zusammenhängender Größen
DE3375377D1 (en) * 1982-07-19 1988-02-25 Horstmann Electronic Magnetic coding arrangement for a workpiece

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2770796A (en) * 1952-02-23 1956-11-13 Int Standard Electric Corp Registering device for receiving and sending connecting orders, particularly for conveying plants
US2827531A (en) * 1955-05-31 1958-03-18 North American Aviation Inc Magnetically operated switch

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE918499C (de) * 1952-02-24 1954-09-27 Standard Elek Zitaets Ges A G Speichereinrichtung zur Aufnahme und Abgabe von Schaltbefehlen, insbesondere fuer Foerderanlagen

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2770796A (en) * 1952-02-23 1956-11-13 Int Standard Electric Corp Registering device for receiving and sending connecting orders, particularly for conveying plants
US2827531A (en) * 1955-05-31 1958-03-18 North American Aviation Inc Magnetically operated switch

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3460115A (en) * 1965-08-16 1969-08-05 Ex Cell O Corp Magnetic pin information storage system
US3445825A (en) * 1965-11-26 1969-05-20 Daymarc Corp Magnetically bistabilized mechanical memory device
US3524176A (en) * 1967-01-25 1970-08-11 Europ Handelsges Anst Magnetic information storage carrier with individual storage elements
US3447105A (en) * 1967-09-21 1969-05-27 Shlesinger Jr Bernard E Polarized magnetic cable switch programming system and apparatus
WO2010000597A1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2010-01-07 Stem S.R.L. Bistable magnetic proximity sensor
EP4412445A4 (en) * 2021-10-05 2025-08-13 The State Of Israel Ministry Of Agriculture & Rural Development Agricultural Res Organization Aro Vo ADJUSTABLE DRIPPER VALVE AND CORRESPONDING SYSTEM

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Publication number Publication date
BE639745A (en:Method)
GB988758A (en) 1965-04-14
CH415751A (de) 1966-06-30
DE1288195B (de) 1969-01-30

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