Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/046—Salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0039—Coated compositions or coated components in the compositions, (micro)capsules
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
  • C11D17/0052—Cast detergent compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
  • C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
  • C11D17/0073—Tablets
  • C11D17/0086—Laundry tablets
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
  • C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
  • C11D3/10—Carbonates ; Bicarbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
  • C11D3/221—Mono, di- or trisaccharides or derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
  • C11D3/384—Animal products

Definitions

• the invention provides a process for preparing a detergent tablet in which a detergent tablet containing a liquefiable substance and other ingredients, said liquefiable substance being capable of being liquefied by heating without affecting said other ingredients, is agglomerated into the form of a tablet; the agglomerated detergent powder is heated at a temperature and for a time sufii cient to convert at least part of said liquefiable substance into liquid but insufiicient to affect said other ingredients; and the agglomerated detergent powder is cooled to convert said liquid into solid material, whereby said solid material binds the agglomerated detergent powder into a tablet.
• the liquefiable substance referred to must be compatible with the other ingredients of the detergent powder and its liquefaction temperature must not be too high.
• Suitable substances include salts containing water of crystallization such as sodium sulphate -hydrate, sodium carbonate l-hydrate, sodium perborate 4-hydrate, aluminum sulphate IS-hydrate, sodium borate IO-hydrate and alum 24-hydrates, especially potassium aluminum sulphate 24-hydrate.
• salts such as anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium hexametaphosphate which, it is believed, become at least partially hydrated when incorporated in a detergent powder by absorption of water from the other ingredients of the powder and from the atmosphere may be suitable under certain conditions.
• Other substances which may be used are sugar and gelatin.
• Heating may be carried out in such a way that the agglomerated detergent powder is uniformly heated or that only the surface of the agglomerated powder is heated.
• heating may be conveniently carried out in microwave furnaces or by means of capacitive heating apparatus; in the second case heating may be carried out by contact heating, that is, the surface of the agglomerated detergent powder may be heated by contact for a short time with hot plates or hot air.
• Contact heating gives particularly good results when hydrated sodium perborate is used as the liquefiable substance.
• Contact heating may be carried out so that the tablet formed has a hard smooth crust, and a core of powder. The crust sufiiciently protects the powder contained in the interior of the tablet while the tablet is being handled.
• the heating process of the invention may be compared to a sintering process, for the heating process must be such that the detergent powder is not completely melted.
• the temperature to be used during the process of the invention depends on the liquefiable substance which is used, the composition of the detergent powder and the desired qualities of the product. If hydrated sodium perborate, which is the preferred material, is used the temperature used is preferably between 60 and C. if all the agglomerated powder is heated, in order to restrict the decomposition of the perborate, but if only the surface of the agglomerated powder is heated, much higher temperatures may be used. When heat is applied only to the surface of the agglomerated powder, the heat conductivity of the material is of importance. If the heat penetrates only slowly into the powder it is in general possible to use temperatures of up to 300 C. In other modifications of the invention temperatures as low as 40 C. may be used depending on the type of composition.
• the amount of the liquefiable substance to be used also depends on the properties of the substance itself and the detergent powder.
• the minimum amount of the liquefiable substance must be such that a satisfactory sintering action is obtained.
• the minimum amount of liquefiable substance is about 2% by weight of the powder; the upper limit is determined by the properties of the product which are desired. Percentages as high as 40% of liquefiable substance by weight of detergent powder may be used.
• the agglomerate After the agglomerated detergent powder has been heated, the agglomerate must be left for a certain time to cool before a satisfactory tablet results. This resting time may be very much shortened by irradiating the product or placing it in a stream of air or under vacuum. In the last case, resting times of a few minutes are sufficient to obtain a very good hard product.
• the tablet may be further improved by a coating with a suitable substance.
• a suitable substance As g; sulastgpc gjhere maybe used, for example, xinyljfilfgl f iggl ng; water glass.
• Very slight pressure is needed to bring the detergent powder into the enecessary agglomerated form for heat treatment; if it is desired to make a very compact tablet, the pressure employed in this operation may be slightly increased but it is a feature of the invention that tablets may be obtained without the use of high pressure compacting.
• Example 1 A high sudsing heavy duty detergent powder base of the following composition was made:
• the metal container may also be heated by means of high-frequency inductive heating (eddy-currents and/or hysteresis losses).
• Example 2 A controlled sudsing heavy duty detergent powder base of the following composition was made:
• Tablets were also produced by homogeneously sintering the powder together by means of capacitive heating.
• the agglomerated detergent powder was brought between two condenser plates, to which an alternating voltage of 30 me. was applied.
• the tablets obtained were readily soluble, but somewhat brittle.
• Tablets were made of similar detergent powders in which the sodium perborate was replaced by an equal amount of powdered sugar, sodium carbonate 10-hydrate, potassium aluminum sulphate 24-hydrate and aluminum sulphate 18-hydrate. Tablets with the same good properties were obtained.
• Tablets prepared without the addition of the above-mentioned components were very soft and rapidly fell to pieces.
• Example 3 To each of a number of the units of agglomerated detergent powder described in Example 2, 1.2 kcal. heat was transferred in 90 seconds by means of inhomogeneous heating. Subsequently the disintegration time under practical conditions of the tablets obtained was measured. This was done by moving the tablets constantly up and down in a basket in a certain amount of water at a constant temperature. The disintegration time of tablets obtained by using inhomogeneous heating methods with a heat transfer of 1.2 kcal. per 90 seconds, varied between 30 and 15 seconds. The disintegration time of tablets obtained by using more heat, namely, 3.5 kcal. in 8.5 min., on average was 45 seconds.
• Example 4 A controlled sudsing heavy duty detergent powder base of the following composition was made:
• the tablet was brought into an electrically heated oven and heated for about 2 to 3 minutes with hot air, the temperature in the oven ranging from 240 to 275 C. In view of the low heat-conductivity of the powder the heating is inhomogeneous. The temperature inside the tablet reached values up to 65 C.
• Example 5 A controlled sudsing heavy duty detergent powder base of the following composition was made:
• the agglomerate was heated in an oven by means of circulating hot air to a temperature of about 190 C. for 6 minutes.
• the temperature in the centre of the tablet was about 65 C. After cooling the tablet thus obtained could be dropped more than twenty times before breaking. It dissolved in water in less than seconds. The tablet was totally hardened.
• Example 6 To a controlled sudsing heavy duty detergent powder base of the composition given in Example 2, 10% by weight of sodium perborate tetrahydrate was added. After thorough mixing a quantity of the detergent powder was heated in a perforated metal box having dimensions of 10 x 22 x 27 mm. by flame. A strong tablet was obtained, which readily disintegrated in water. The decomposition of perborate, however, was relatively high and more than 20% of the perborate originally present in the superficial layer was decomposed. A quantity of the same detergent powder W45 heated in a metal mould of dimensions 50 x 50 x 30 mm., placed in a transformer coil, as described in Example 1. In this way the heating conditions could be better controlled, which resulted in a reduced decomposition of the perborate.
• the resting time of the tablets made according to the foregoing examples can be reduced to a few minutes by cooling the tablets after the heating step under vacuum.
• the surface of the tablets can be made smooth by additional surface treatments, e.g. by treating the surface with steam, or hot water.
• the appearance of the tablets can be further improved by coating the surface with polyvinyl alcohol, paraffin wax or water glass. A surface treatment with steam or hot water did not increase the disintegration time of the tablets. Coating the tablets with water glass, however, resulted in a slight increase of the disintegration time. Tablets with a disintegration time of 15-30 seconds had, after coating with water glass, a disintegration time of about 50 seconds.
• a process for the preparation of a strong, hard surface, rapidly disintegrating and dissolving detergent tablet which comprises thoroughly mixing together a powdered detergent composition and from about 2% to about 40% by weight of the powdered detergent composition of a liquefiable substance selected from the group consisting of hydrated sodium sulfate, hydrated sodium carbonate, hydrated sodium perborate, hydrated aluminum sulfate, hydrated sodium borate, hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate, anhydrous sodium carbonate, anhydrous sodium hexametaphosphate, sugar and gelatin having a liquefication temperature from about 40 C. to about 300 C.
• a liquefiable substance selected from the group consisting of hydrated sodium sulfate, hydrated sodium carbonate, hydrated sodium perborate, hydrated aluminum sulfate, hydrated sodium borate, hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate, anhydrous sodium carbonate, anhydrous sodium hexametaphosphate, sugar and gelatin having a liquefication temperature from about
• the resulting mixture having the compatible liquefiable substance uniformly distributed therethrough into the shape of a tablet, heating the tablet-shaped mixture at a temperature from about 40 C. to about 300 C. for from about 90 seconds to about 6 minutes to liquefy thereby at least the portion of the liquefiable substance at the surface of the tablet-shaped mixture without completely melting the powdered detergent composition, and cooling the tablet-shaped mixture to convert the liquefied liquefiable substance to solid state and thereby bind together at least the portion of the powdered detergent composition at the surface of the tablet-shaped mixture, whereby there is formed a strong detergent tablet which disintegrates and dissolves in water in about 15 to 75 seconds and which has a hard agglomerated surface portion and a center portion having a consistency in the range from hard agglomerates to loose powder.
• a detergent tablet prepared by the process of claim 4 which comprises hard agglomerates throughout.
• a detergent tablet prepared by the process of claim 6 which comprises a hard agglomerated surface portion and a center portion of loose powder.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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ID=10096900

Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (20)

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Citations (7)

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• 0
  • BE BE617684D patent/BE617684A/xx unknown
  • NL NL278464D patent/NL278464A/xx unknown
• 1961
  • 1961-05-15 GB GB17536/61A patent/GB972239A/en not_active Expired
• 1962
  • 1962-05-14 DE DEU8954A patent/DE1290282B/de active Pending
  • 1962-05-14 US US194658A patent/US3366570A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (7)

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