US3364086A - Propellants containing nitrocellulose - Google Patents

Propellants containing nitrocellulose Download PDF

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Publication number
US3364086A
US3364086A US512813A US51281365A US3364086A US 3364086 A US3364086 A US 3364086A US 512813 A US512813 A US 512813A US 51281365 A US51281365 A US 51281365A US 3364086 A US3364086 A US 3364086A
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Prior art keywords
nitrocellulose
granules
combustion
cast
propellants
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Expired - Lifetime
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US512813A
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English (en)
Inventor
Oversohl Wilhelm
Segura Manuel
Blotz Stanislaus
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Nitrochemie Muhldorf GmbH
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Nitrochemie Muhldorf GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
    • C06B25/18—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition
    • C06B25/20—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition with a non-explosive or a non-explosive or a non-thermic component
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
    • C06B21/0058—Shaping the mixture by casting a curable composition, e.g. of the plastisol type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
    • C06B21/0091—Elimination of undesirable or temporary components of an intermediate or finished product, e.g. making porous or low density products, purifying, stabilising, drying; Deactivating; Reclaiming
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/001—Fillers, gelling and thickening agents (e.g. fibres), absorbents for nitroglycerine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
    • C06B25/18—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition

Definitions

  • solid propellants In View of the importance of solid propellants other methods have been sought for increasing their rates of combustion. Of interest are the solid propellants containing nitrocellulose, and of particular interest are the socalled POL compositions, i.e. powder without solvent.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a method for increasing the rate of combustion of solid propellants containing nitrocellulose.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a method for increasing the rate of combustion of POL solid propellants containing nitrocellulose.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a method for increasing the rate of combustion of cast POL solid propellants containing nitrocellulose.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide solid propellants having a high rate of combustion.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide solid nitrocellulose propellants having a high rate of combustion.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide POL solid nitrocellulose propellants having a high rate of combustion.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide cast POL solid nitrocellulose propellants having a high rate of combustion.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a method for producing porous nitrocellulose granules.
  • the cast POL propellants are prepared, for example, by admixing the nitrocellulose granules with polyalcohol nitrates, such as nitroglycerin and other liquid plasticizers, to a mass capable of being cast, which mass is then poured into a mold of the proper shape. By subsequent heat treatment, the nitrocellulose granules gelatinize and the entire mixture sets up into a homogeneous mass.
  • polyalcohol nitrates such as nitroglycerin and other liquid plasticizers
  • the nitrocellulose granules are prepared from nitrocellulose or nitrocellulose compositions which are capable of gelatinization in the nitroglycerin and other plasticizers used in making the cast composition.
  • the compositions used in preparing the nitrocellulose granules may contain stabilizers, solvents and other ingredients.
  • the composition is thereafter gelatinized in a kneading apparatus under the addition of a water soluble salt. The gelatinized mixture is then extruded, the strands obtained cut into appropriate size, and the solvents and salts removed.
  • the granules are thereafter compounded with the appropriate ingredients for preparation of the cast charge.
  • the nitrocellulose In order that the porosity of the nitrocellulose granules be retained during the preparation of the cast charges, the nitrocellulose should be of a type that does not gelatinize all the way through under the conditions employed for the preparation of the cast charges. In other words, the nitrocellulose should be capable of partial gelatinization. In order to accomplish this, it was found that a nitrocellulose having a nitrogen content of about 12.9 to 13.2% produces the desired degree of gelatinization under the condition employed for preparing the cast charges. The nitrogen content may, however, fall below or may exceed this percentage according to the heat treatment employed in casting the charges.
  • the rate of combustion of the charges of this invention may be controlled to a large extent by the gradation of the porosity of the nitrocellulose granules used.
  • the porosity in turn, may be controlled by the amount and grain size of the water soluble salt utilized in producing the porous nitrocellulose granules.
  • Any Water soluble salt may be utilized for the preparation of the granules. Salts such as alkali metal sulfates, chlorides and nitrates may be used. Good results have been produced using potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate or sodium chloride.
  • the content of the Water soluble salt When, for example, sodium chloride is used, its content may be varied fromabout 10 to 300%, by weight based on the content of nitrocellulose.
  • the porosity of the nitrocellulose granules increases, thereby increasing the rate of combustion of the finished charge.
  • the average grain size of the Water soluble salt should be about 50 t0 ZOO/1..
  • porous nitrocellulose granules it is possible to mix porous nitrocellulose granules with non-porous granules and thereby vary the rate of combustion and ballistic characteristics of each cast 3 batch.
  • about to 90%, by weight, of porous granules may be combined with 90 to 10%, by weight, of non-porous granules.
  • the rate of combustion may be further accelerated by any of the conventional methods heretofore known.
  • metal wires may be worked into the cast charges.
  • the charge compositions to which this invention is applicable are any of the presently known nitrocellulose solid propellant systems. Depending upon whether the compositions contain only nitrocellulose, have nitroglycerin as a second combustible ingredient, or contain nitroguanidine in addition to nitroglycerin and nitrocellulose, these propellants are known as single-, double-, or triple-base.
  • nitrocellulose solid propellant systems Depending upon whether the compositions contain only nitrocellulose, have nitroglycerin as a second combustible ingredient, or contain nitroguanidine in addition to nitroglycerin and nitrocellulose, these propellants are known as single-, double-, or triple-base.
  • the following table lists the general types of material, the range of percentages for typical nitrocellulose propellants, together with some examples of typical ingredients.
  • inorganic oxidizing agents may be added.
  • perchlorates or nitrates such as potassium perchlorate, ammonium perchlorate, or ammonium nitrate may be added.
  • the inorganic oxidizing agent may be used expediently in amounts of about 20 to 40%, by weight, of the total composition.
  • EXAMPLE I 75.0 kg. nitrocellulose (13.1% N) moistened with an aqueous ethanol mixture containing 28% ethanol 82.0 kg. of sodium chloride 0.525 kg. of dibutylphthalate 1.24 kg. of diphenylamine 0.04 kg. of graphite
  • the above composition was gelatinized in a mixture of 6 liters of ethanol and 90 liters of ether. This batch, after gelatinization, was then pressed through a matrix having a 1.8 mm. diameter and then cut into lengths of 1.8 mm. to form individual granules. The granules were then soaked in water for about 40 hours at a temperature of 40 to 65 C. to remove the solvent and the sodium chloride. Thereafter, the granules were air dried to produce the porous granule.
  • EXAMPLE II In a mixer commonly used for the preparation of explosives, 45.5 kg. of the porous granules as prepared in Example I were mixed with 41.0 kg. of nitroglycerin and 13.5 kg. of triacetin for about minutes. The viscous batch was then filled into the charge mold and shaken for about 10 minutes. After being held in a warming cabinet for 3 days at a temperature of 50 to 55 C., the charge was hardened.
  • the rate of combustion of the cast charge thus prepared was measured in the Crawford Bomb and found to be mm./sec. at a pressure of 10 atmospheres and 20 C.
  • EXAMPLE III This example demonstrates a charge containing porous and nonporous nitrocellulose.
  • Non-porous nitrocellulose granules were prepared with the following components:
  • the alcohol moist nitrocellulose was admixed in a kneading apparatus of 400 liter capacity with centralite I, acardite 11, lead salicylate and polyacetylene for 20 minutes.
  • the lead ethylhexoate diluted with 5 liters of warm alcohol, was added to this mixture, and the batch was kneaded for 20 minutes more.
  • a mixture of ether and alcohol, in equal parts were added and then the mass was kneaded for 3 hours more. For each parts of nitrocellulose parts of solvent were used.
  • the kneaded batch was stored for 1 day in sealed containers for the purpose of aging. Thereafter, the mass was pressed into strands over an unheated press through matrices of 1.5 mm. to 2 mm. in diameter. These strands were then cut to a length of 1.5 to 2 mm. in the cutter to form granules. The granules, in a solvent-moist condition, were subsequently dried for 3 to 5 days at a temperature of 50 to 60 C., and then freed of under-and over-size granules by screening.
  • the batch used for pressing was homogeneous, well gelatinized and of gummy consistency.
  • a pressure of 160 to 200 kg./cm. was required.
  • composition of this type of batch was as follows:
  • the ballistic additives and the stabilizers were worked in during the preparation of the granules.
  • the batch had an explosion heat of 940 kcaL/kg.
  • the rate of combustion in the Crawford Bomb amounted to 75 mm./sec. at a pressure of 70 atmospheres and a temperature of 20 C.
  • EXAMPLE IV A cast charge was prepared according to Example III, except that all of the porous granules were substituted by non-porous granules.
  • the rate of combustion was only 20 mm./sec. at a pressure of 70 atmospheres and a temperature of 20 Ct as measured in the Crawford Bomb.
  • a process for the preparation of cast solid nitrocellulose propellants which comprises:
  • nitrocellulose has a nitrogen content of from about 12.9 to 13.2%.
  • porous nitrocellulose contains at least one member selected from the group consisting of stabilizers, plasticizers, agents and ballistic additives.
  • a process for the preparation of cast solid nitrocellulose propellants which comprises:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
US512813A 1964-12-09 1965-12-09 Propellants containing nitrocellulose Expired - Lifetime US3364086A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1964N0025948 DE1446933A1 (de) 1964-12-09 1964-12-09 Feststofftreibsaetze mit hoher Brenngeschwindigkeit

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US3364086A true US3364086A (en) 1968-01-16

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US (1) US3364086A (fr)
BE (1) BE673046A (fr)
CH (1) CH456422A (fr)
DE (1) DE1446933A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1456283A (fr)
GB (1) GB1127077A (fr)
NL (1) NL6515410A (fr)
SE (1) SE317314B (fr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3667391A (en) * 1969-05-01 1972-06-06 France Etat Detonator and igniter for explosives
US3715248A (en) * 1970-12-15 1973-02-06 Us Army Castable metallic illuminant fuel containing nitrocellulose plasticized binder
USB78331I5 (fr) * 1970-09-01 1975-01-28
US3873386A (en) * 1971-06-28 1975-03-25 Us Navy Double-base propellant containing poly (carboranyl lower alkyl acrylate)
US3919013A (en) * 1972-07-12 1975-11-11 Hercules Inc Use of graphite fibers to augment propellant burning rate
US3943209A (en) * 1964-09-21 1976-03-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army High volumetric energy smokeless solid rocket propellant
US3979486A (en) * 1973-07-27 1976-09-07 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs Process for controlling the ballistic characteristics of double-base propellants
US4072546A (en) * 1971-12-22 1978-02-07 Hercules Incorporated Use of graphite fibers to augment propellant burning rate
WO2000063139A2 (fr) * 1999-04-20 2000-10-26 Atlantic Research Corporation Famille de compositions propulsives et leur procede d'elaboration
WO2002026663A1 (fr) * 2000-09-26 2002-04-04 Breed Automotive Technology, Inc. Appareil permettant d'enflammer spontanement un materiau generateur de gaz
RU2451652C2 (ru) * 2010-01-19 2012-05-27 Федеральное казенное предприятие "Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химических продуктов" (ФКП "ГосНИИХП") Способ получения сферического пороха для 5,6 мм спортивно-охотничьего патрона кольцевого воспламенения
RU2522642C2 (ru) * 2012-11-01 2014-07-20 Федеральное казенное предприятие "Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химических продуктов" (ФКП "ГосНИИХП") Способ получения сферического пороха для дробовых патронов к гладкоствольному спортивно-охотничьему оружию 12, 16 и 20 калибров
RU2538869C1 (ru) * 2013-04-30 2015-01-10 Федеральное казенное предприятие "Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химических продуктов" (ФКП "ГосНИИХП") Сферический порох для дробовых патронов к гладкоствольному спортивно-охотничьему оружию 12, 16 и 20 калибров
RU2581375C1 (ru) * 2014-11-12 2016-04-20 Федеральное казенное предприятие "Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химических продуктов" (ФКП "ГосНИИХП") Сферический пироксилиновый порох для 5,6-мм спортивно-охотничьего патрона кольцевого воспламенения
CN105694102A (zh) * 2016-02-29 2016-06-22 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 一种复合石墨烯微片散热母料及其制备方法和应用

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112028722A (zh) * 2019-06-04 2020-12-04 南京理工大学 一种高燃速固体推进剂的制备方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL9405C (fr) *
GB190208776A (en) * 1902-04-15 1902-05-29 Carl Duttenhofer Process for Producing Easily Ignitible Explosive Materials.
US3107187A (en) * 1959-02-05 1963-10-15 Atlantic Res Corp Propellant compositions
US3140207A (en) * 1962-12-18 1964-07-07 Mary M Williams Pyrotechnic composition
US3235420A (en) * 1962-05-04 1966-02-15 Du Pont Process of making homogeneous particles comprising nitrocellulose mixtures

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL9405C (fr) *
GB190208776A (en) * 1902-04-15 1902-05-29 Carl Duttenhofer Process for Producing Easily Ignitible Explosive Materials.
US3107187A (en) * 1959-02-05 1963-10-15 Atlantic Res Corp Propellant compositions
US3235420A (en) * 1962-05-04 1966-02-15 Du Pont Process of making homogeneous particles comprising nitrocellulose mixtures
US3140207A (en) * 1962-12-18 1964-07-07 Mary M Williams Pyrotechnic composition

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3943209A (en) * 1964-09-21 1976-03-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army High volumetric energy smokeless solid rocket propellant
US3667391A (en) * 1969-05-01 1972-06-06 France Etat Detonator and igniter for explosives
USB78331I5 (fr) * 1970-09-01 1975-01-28
US3914142A (en) * 1970-09-01 1975-10-21 Us Army Solid propellants with biradical burning rate catalysts
US3715248A (en) * 1970-12-15 1973-02-06 Us Army Castable metallic illuminant fuel containing nitrocellulose plasticized binder
US3873386A (en) * 1971-06-28 1975-03-25 Us Navy Double-base propellant containing poly (carboranyl lower alkyl acrylate)
US4072546A (en) * 1971-12-22 1978-02-07 Hercules Incorporated Use of graphite fibers to augment propellant burning rate
US3919013A (en) * 1972-07-12 1975-11-11 Hercules Inc Use of graphite fibers to augment propellant burning rate
US3979486A (en) * 1973-07-27 1976-09-07 Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs Process for controlling the ballistic characteristics of double-base propellants
WO2000063139A3 (fr) * 1999-04-20 2001-05-10 Atlantic Res Corp Famille de compositions propulsives et leur procede d'elaboration
WO2000063139A2 (fr) * 1999-04-20 2000-10-26 Atlantic Research Corporation Famille de compositions propulsives et leur procede d'elaboration
WO2002026663A1 (fr) * 2000-09-26 2002-04-04 Breed Automotive Technology, Inc. Appareil permettant d'enflammer spontanement un materiau generateur de gaz
WO2002026664A1 (fr) * 2000-09-26 2002-04-04 Breed Automotive Technology, Inc. Inflammation spontanee de generateurs de gaz
US6620269B1 (en) * 2000-09-26 2003-09-16 Breed Automotive Technology, Inc. Autoignition for gas generators
RU2451652C2 (ru) * 2010-01-19 2012-05-27 Федеральное казенное предприятие "Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химических продуктов" (ФКП "ГосНИИХП") Способ получения сферического пороха для 5,6 мм спортивно-охотничьего патрона кольцевого воспламенения
RU2522642C2 (ru) * 2012-11-01 2014-07-20 Федеральное казенное предприятие "Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химических продуктов" (ФКП "ГосНИИХП") Способ получения сферического пороха для дробовых патронов к гладкоствольному спортивно-охотничьему оружию 12, 16 и 20 калибров
RU2538869C1 (ru) * 2013-04-30 2015-01-10 Федеральное казенное предприятие "Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химических продуктов" (ФКП "ГосНИИХП") Сферический порох для дробовых патронов к гладкоствольному спортивно-охотничьему оружию 12, 16 и 20 калибров
RU2581375C1 (ru) * 2014-11-12 2016-04-20 Федеральное казенное предприятие "Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химических продуктов" (ФКП "ГосНИИХП") Сферический пироксилиновый порох для 5,6-мм спортивно-охотничьего патрона кольцевого воспламенения
CN105694102A (zh) * 2016-02-29 2016-06-22 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 一种复合石墨烯微片散热母料及其制备方法和应用
CN105694102B (zh) * 2016-02-29 2018-01-30 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 一种复合石墨烯微片散热母料及其制备方法和应用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1127077A (en) 1968-09-11
FR1456283A (fr) 1966-10-21
BE673046A (fr) 1966-05-31
DE1446933A1 (de) 1969-04-30
CH456422A (de) 1968-07-31
SE317314B (fr) 1969-11-10
NL6515410A (fr) 1966-06-10

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