US3357873A - Explosive composition comprising a nitric acid ester of a polyvalent alcohol and theternary salt mixture of ammonium chloride, an alkali nitrate, and an alkaline earth carbonate - Google Patents
Explosive composition comprising a nitric acid ester of a polyvalent alcohol and theternary salt mixture of ammonium chloride, an alkali nitrate, and an alkaline earth carbonate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3357873A US3357873A US575219A US57521966A US3357873A US 3357873 A US3357873 A US 3357873A US 575219 A US575219 A US 575219A US 57521966 A US57521966 A US 57521966A US 3357873 A US3357873 A US 3357873A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ammonium chloride
- explosive
- explosives
- alkaline earth
- alkali nitrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 100
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 78
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims description 35
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 30
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 30
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 title description 28
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- -1 nitric acid ester Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical class O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 28
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Inorganic materials [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229940090045 cartridge Drugs 0.000 description 10
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound O=N(=O)OCCON(=O)=O UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[6-[4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylindazol-5-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C2C=NNC2=CC=1C)C=1C(=NN(C=1C)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(C=C)=O)C1)C=1C=C2C=NN(C2=CC=1)C AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001005711 Homo sapiens MARVEL domain-containing protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000026 Pentaerythritol tetranitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004321 pentaerithrityl tetranitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/02—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate
- C06B31/12—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with a nitrated organic compound
- C06B31/20—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitroglycerine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/005—Desensitisers, phlegmatisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/04—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents for cooling the explosion gases including antifouling and flash suppressing agents
Definitions
- This invention relates to explosives characterized by increased resistance to deflagration, i.e., safety explosives. More particularly, the invention relates to explosives characterized by an increased resistance to defiagration which are comprised of sensitive explosive components and inorganic salts. The invention also provides a process for manufacturing such safety explosives.
- hydrochloric acid produced upon the reaction of the ammonium chloride with alkali nitrate is bound.
- Table I shows the thermodynamic data for the reaction Equations I-V.
- the known salt mixture corresponding to Equation I ual salts The known salt mixture corresponding to Equation I ual salts.
- the amount of sensitizing explosive components has a high specific energy, out also a high explosion ternperature and a small proportion of solid explosion products. Explosives with these characteristics do not, however, meet the present high requirements for safety explosives.
- the exact grinding as well as the processing of the ammonium nitrate required for use in such explosives can be accomplished only with great difliculty because of its high tendency to absorb moisture as well as its low transition point (32 C.).
- the molar ratio of ammonium chloride/ammonium nitrate/alkaline earth :arbonate in these explosives is 2:3: 1.
- Alkali nitrates are used in the preparation of the new explosives.
- the nitrates of potassium and so- ;lium are utilized.
- the molar ratio of ammonium chloride/ alkali nitrate should, in this case, however, not drop below a value of 1.285, while the molar ratio of mayincrease up to a value of 9, and the molar ratio of NaNO /CaCO' may increase up to a value of 7.
- the calculation of the oxygen balance should be effected under the assumption that the hydrochloric acid liberated is not oxidized under the blasting conditions.
- Equations X and XI illustrate the invention where an inverse salt pair is added to the ternary salt mixture.
- 5NH Cl+3MeNO +CaCO --3MeCl+CaCl The salt mixture as set out in Equation X where MeNO' designates potassium nitrate has, for example, an oxygen balance of +32%.
- the molar ratios of The corresponding values for the salt mixture of Equation XI are:
- alkali nitrate or the salt mixture of alkali nitrate and ammonium chloride added is, here, however, not taken into consideration in the calculation of the molar ratio of ammonium chloride/ alkali nitrate/alkaline earth carbonate in the explosive.
- Composition Weight percent Nitro glycerin 6.6 Nitro glycol 4.4 Wood flour 2.0 Alumina 0.2
- EXAMPLE 4 Four safety mining explosives were prepared in the conventional manner by mixing together.
- the particle size of the salts was as follows: NH C1: 65% less than 0.1 mm., KNO 72% less than 0.1 mm., CaCO less than 0.1 mm.
- the molar ratio of ammonium chloride to alkali nitrate was 1.67. This is the same molar ratio of ammonium chloride to alkali nitrate as set out in the above examples to the salt mixtures VI, VII, and VIII of the invention.
- a cartridge of each of the four explosive mixtures examined was surrounded by a kieselguhr jacket and heated to the test temperature of 130 C. in a furnace. While under these test conditions the ordinary safety mining explosives of Classes II and III reacted substantially and heated up to about 650 C. to 800 C. In the explosive mixtures 1, 2, and 3 there was no reaction of the salts and an increase in temperature of only about 25 C. was observed.
- a safety explosive characterized by an increased resistance to defiagration having a high specific energy comprising a mixture of 6 to 15 weight percent referred to the explosive of a sensitizing component selected from the group consisting of nitric acid esters of polyvalent alcohols and a ternary mixture of inorganic salts, the latter comprising ammonia chloride, alkali nitrate and alkaline earth carbonate wherein the molar ratio of ammonium chloride to alkali nitrate amounts to 1.67, ammonium chloride to alkaline earth carbonate amounts to at least 5, and alkali nitrate to alkaline earth carbonate amounts to at least 3.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DED48032A DE1273394B (de) | 1965-08-21 | 1965-08-21 | Wettersprengstoffe mit hoher Deflagrationssicherheit und Energie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3357873A true US3357873A (en) | 1967-12-12 |
Family
ID=7050852
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US575219A Expired - Lifetime US3357873A (en) | 1965-08-21 | 1966-08-22 | Explosive composition comprising a nitric acid ester of a polyvalent alcohol and theternary salt mixture of ammonium chloride, an alkali nitrate, and an alkaline earth carbonate |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3357873A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE685782A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CS (1) | CS149579B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1273394B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1110390A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL6611745A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| PL (1) | PL79079B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108516918A (zh) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-09-11 | 山西惠丰特种汽车有限公司 | 一种现场混装乳化炸药的敏化方式 |
| US10800137B2 (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2020-10-13 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Laminated glass panel with thin sheet of shatterproof glass |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB201110390D0 (en) | 2011-06-20 | 2011-08-03 | Medical Res Council | Compounds for use in stabilising p53 mutants |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2680067A (en) * | 1950-08-31 | 1954-06-01 | Ici Ltd | Blasting explosive containing a water-soluble polysaccharide ether |
| US2829036A (en) * | 1953-03-07 | 1958-04-01 | Dynamit Ag Vormals Alfred Nobe | Fire damp proof explosive compositions |
| US2904420A (en) * | 1956-08-13 | 1959-09-15 | Ici Ltd | Gas producing compositions |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1222422A (fr) * | 1957-08-22 | 1960-06-09 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Procédé de préparation d'explosifs anti-déflagrants et conservant leurs propriétés explosives |
-
1965
- 1965-08-21 DE DED48032A patent/DE1273394B/de active Pending
-
1966
- 1966-05-31 PL PL1966114839A patent/PL79079B1/pl unknown
- 1966-08-08 CS CS5242A patent/CS149579B2/cs unknown
- 1966-08-19 NL NL6611745A patent/NL6611745A/xx unknown
- 1966-08-19 BE BE685782D patent/BE685782A/xx unknown
- 1966-08-22 GB GB37601/66A patent/GB1110390A/en not_active Expired
- 1966-08-22 US US575219A patent/US3357873A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2680067A (en) * | 1950-08-31 | 1954-06-01 | Ici Ltd | Blasting explosive containing a water-soluble polysaccharide ether |
| US2829036A (en) * | 1953-03-07 | 1958-04-01 | Dynamit Ag Vormals Alfred Nobe | Fire damp proof explosive compositions |
| US2904420A (en) * | 1956-08-13 | 1959-09-15 | Ici Ltd | Gas producing compositions |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10800137B2 (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2020-10-13 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Laminated glass panel with thin sheet of shatterproof glass |
| CN108516918A (zh) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-09-11 | 山西惠丰特种汽车有限公司 | 一种现场混装乳化炸药的敏化方式 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1110390A (en) | 1968-04-18 |
| CS149579B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-07-25 |
| BE685782A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1967-02-20 |
| PL79079B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-06-30 |
| DE1273394B (de) | 1968-07-18 |
| NL6611745A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1967-02-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA1070952A (en) | Gas forming deflagrating compositions and method | |
| US3912561A (en) | Pyrotechnic compositions for gas generation | |
| EP0440873B1 (en) | Improved primer composition | |
| US8597445B2 (en) | Bismuth oxide primer composition | |
| KR100242749B1 (ko) | 무독성 기폭 혼합물 | |
| US5388519A (en) | Low toxicity primer composition | |
| EP0428685B1 (en) | Explosive and propellant composition | |
| JPH08502467A (ja) | 推進薬および爆薬組成物およびそれらを製造する方法 | |
| CN103214322A (zh) | 无硫烟火药组合物及其制造方法 | |
| US4002514A (en) | Nitrocellulose propellant composition | |
| WO2000022291A2 (en) | Castable double base solid rocket propellant containing ballistic modifier pasted in an inert polymer | |
| US3357873A (en) | Explosive composition comprising a nitric acid ester of a polyvalent alcohol and theternary salt mixture of ammonium chloride, an alkali nitrate, and an alkaline earth carbonate | |
| US4570540A (en) | LOVA Type black powder propellant surrogate | |
| US3617405A (en) | Incendiary composition containing a metal, metal alloy, oxidizer salt, and nitrated organic compound | |
| US2107157A (en) | Explosive | |
| US2839374A (en) | Explosive compositions | |
| GB1601392A (en) | Gas generating compositions | |
| US3369944A (en) | Thickened aqueous detonator composition containing a brisant explosive | |
| US3278350A (en) | Explosive-ammonium nitrate in phenol-aldehyde resin | |
| USH285H (en) | Oxygen rich igniter compositions | |
| US3356548A (en) | Safety mining explosive composition of nitric acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol and yhe ternary mixture of ammonium chloride, alkali metal nitrate, and alkaline earth metal carbonate | |
| US4718953A (en) | High explosive compound in nitrate salt matrix | |
| US2481795A (en) | Explosives suitable for safety blasting explosives | |
| US2829036A (en) | Fire damp proof explosive compositions | |
| US2154416A (en) | Nondetonating blasting explosive |