US3353946A - Blasthead structure for tempering glass sheets - Google Patents

Blasthead structure for tempering glass sheets Download PDF

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Publication number
US3353946A
US3353946A US341050A US34105064A US3353946A US 3353946 A US3353946 A US 3353946A US 341050 A US341050 A US 341050A US 34105064 A US34105064 A US 34105064A US 3353946 A US3353946 A US 3353946A
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United States
Prior art keywords
blasthead
sheet
glass
nozzles
fluid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US341050A
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English (en)
Inventor
Harold A Mcmaseter
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Permaglass Inc
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Permaglass Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Permaglass Inc filed Critical Permaglass Inc
Priority to US341050A priority Critical patent/US3353946A/en
Priority to BE657197D priority patent/BE657197A/xx
Priority to FR998901A priority patent/FR1428531A/fr
Priority to DE19651471991 priority patent/DE1471991B2/de
Priority to GB2498/65A priority patent/GB1025518A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3353946A publication Critical patent/US3353946A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
    • C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
    • C03B27/0404—Nozzles, blow heads, blowing units or their arrangements, specially adapted for flat or bent glass sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B27/00—Tempering or quenching glass products
    • C03B27/04—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas
    • C03B27/052—Tempering or quenching glass products using gas for flat or bent glass sheets being in a vertical position

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus comprising opposing b lastheads for directing a tempering fluid against opposite sides of a sheet of material; and more particularly to apparatus comprising opposing blastheads which direct a cooling fluid against opposite sides of a sheet of glass that is hung by structure secured to the top portion of the sheet in a manner permitting the sheet to swing laterally between the opposing blastheads.
  • An object of the present invention is the provision of new and improved apparatus having opposing blastheads for directing a fluid against opposite sides of a sheet of material, and which apparatus automatically damps oscil- 'latory movement of the sheet between the opposing blastheads.
  • Another object of the invention is the provision of new and improved opposing blasthead structures between which a sheet of material is placed, and each of which has pressure areas that are separated from exhaust areas by weir structures which project toward the sheet mate-- paratus having opposed blasthead structures between which a sheet of material may be suspended for fluid treatment, which apparatus will automatically and rapidly center the sheet between said opposed blastheads due to forces created by fluid pressure in the areas on each side of said sheet and the adjacent blasthead.
  • a further object of the invention is the provision of a new and improved blasthead structure of the above described type having uniformly spaced nozzles connected by integral webs and which nozzles and webs are molded from a resilient elastomeric material to form a shock absorbing bumper.
  • a still further object of the invention is the provision of an inexpensive blasthead structure of the above described type wherein the nozzle portions of the molded nozzle and web sections are provided with projections which are forced through holes in the face plates of plenum chambers and which projections thereafter expand to engage the back side of the face plates to hold the molded nozzle and web sections in place.
  • FIGURE 1 is a side view in elevation of a blasthead structure which is positioned below a furnace to receive sheets of glass therefrom and which embodies the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a plan view of the blasthead structure shown in FIGURE 1 taken approximately from the position indicated by the line 22 of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is an isometric view of one of the two 3,353,946 Patented Nov. 21, 1967 "Ice - approximately from the position indicated by the line 55 of FIGURE 3, showing combination nozzle and weir sections installed on the front of the plenum chamber which faces the glass; and
  • FIGURE 6 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary cross section taken along the line 66 of FIGURE 5.
  • the blasthead structure 10 is shown in FIGURE 1 as being positioned below a furnace 11 that is supported on a steel structure 12 having four legs 13 positioned outwardly of the blasthead structure It).
  • the furnace has a floor 14 with a long narrow opening 15 therein through which glass sheets, one of which is designated by the reference number 16, hung from a supporting carriage 17, are raised and lowered.
  • the supporting carriage 17 comprises a length of pipe 18 having a plurality of tongs 19 which grip the upper edge of the sheet of glass 16 for supporting it both in the furnace 11 and in the blasthead structure 10.
  • a pair of spaced apart T-sections 20 project upwardly from opposite ends of the pipe 18.
  • the supporting carriage 17 is raised into and lowered out of the furnace 11 by means of a lift structure 21 comprising a vertical shaft 22 having a horizontal leg 23 on its bottom end.
  • the horizontal leg 23 has a pair of L-shaped fingers 24 at each of its ends with the horizontal legs of each pair of fingers 24 projecting toward each other and arranged to engage the bottom surface of the top horizontal portion of the T-sections 20 to lift the supporting carriage 17i
  • the supporting carriage 17 is adapted to rest upon a series of rollers 25 when the sheet of glass 16 is properly positioned in the blasthead structure 10, and the series of rollers 25 extend laterally of the blasthead structure 10 to a loading and unloading station, not shown. Coupling of the supporting carriage 17 onto the lift structure 21 is accomplished by moving the supporting carriage 17 laterally until the' horizontal legs 23 of the L-shaped fingers 24 are underneath the bottom of the horizontal portions of the T-sections 20.
  • the blasthead structure 10 has two sections 26 and 26' which are substantially identical excepting that they are mirror images of each other. Only one of the sections will be described in detail, and those portions of the other section which are substantially identical will be designated ,by a like reference numeral characterized further in that a prime mark is affixed thereto.
  • the blasthead section 26 comprises a plenum box 27 that is formed in tWoidenti-cal half sections 28 which are joined by a center plate 29 (see FIGURES 3 and 4).
  • the rear end of each half section 28 is formed by a vertically'extending rectangular channel section 30 having a. flat rear abutment surface 31.
  • the flat rear abutment surfaces 31 slidingly and sealingly abut the flat front surfaces of respective rectangular flanges 32 (see FIG- ure 2) which form the front end of air supply ducts 33.
  • the small rear ends of the supply ducts 33 are connected to the discharge'of respective ones of a pair of fans 34 by flexible duct sections 35 and shutoff valves 36 (see FIGURE 1).
  • the fans 34 are driven by individual electric motors 37 and V-belt drives 38.
  • Each shutoff valve 36 comprises a plurality of louvers, not shown, which are opened and closed by a lever 39.
  • the levers 39 and 39' are actuated by structure which will open and close all valves 36 and 36' simultaneously.
  • Cross shafts 40 and 40 are positioned beneath the valves 36 and 36' respectively, and each end of the respective shafts are provided with arms 41 and 41' which are connected to the levers 39 and 39' by connecting bars 42 and 42'.
  • Sprockets 43 and 43' are fixed to the rear ends of the shafts 40 and 40 respectively, and these sprockets are connected together by an endless chain 44 kept taut by idlers 45.
  • Shaft 40 is provided with an actuating arm 46 (see FIGURE 1), and the arm 46 is in turn moved by the piston rod 47 of a hydraulic cylinder 48.
  • the half sections 28 of the plenum box 27 are substantially identical, but are of opposite hand, and are connected by the center plate 29 (see FIGURE 3).
  • the front face of each of the sections 28 has four identical, vertically spaced rectangular face plates 49, the inner ends of which are fixed to the center plate 29, and the outer ends of which are fixed to side plates 50.
  • the face plates or end walls 49 are evenly spaced vertically to provide rectangular voids defining exhaust means or exhaust openings 51.
  • the front faces of the sections 28 also include upper and lower face plates 52 and 53 which have a vertical dimension greater than that of the face plates 49, and which are separated from adjacent face plates 49 by distances forming exhaust areas 51 there'- between which are identical in area with the exhaust areas 51 between the face plates 49.
  • a generally trapezoidal top plate 54 extends from the top edge of the upper faceplate 52 to the top of the channel 30, and a similar bottom plate (not shown) extends from the bottom edge of the lower face plate 53 to the channel section 30 to close off the top and bottom of the sections 28, respectively.
  • Individual ones of a plurality of identi cally shaped, horizontal cross plates 55 extend rearwardly from the lower horizontal edge of the upper face plate 52, the edges of the horizontal face plate 49 and the upper edge of the lower face plate 53 to the channel section 30 in parallel spaced planes to form parallel plenum chambers 56 (see FIGURE 6) separated by exhaust passages 57 leading to the open areas 51 (see FIG- URE 3).
  • the rear corners of the cross plates 55 adjacent the rectangular channel section 30 are triangularly notched (see FIGURE 4), and short vertical spacing plates 58 and 59 extend horizontally across between opposite sides of the channel section 30 and vertically between the plates 55 across the exhaust passage 57 to prevent air from the channel section 30 from flowing into the exhaust passages 57.
  • vertical side plates 60 (see right side of FIGURE 4) extend between the side edges of the top plate 54 and the next lower cross plate 55, between the edges of cross plates 55 that are connected by the face plates 49 and between the bottom plate (not shown) and the lowermost cross plate 55 to close off the sides of the plenum chambers 56.
  • Air from the plenum chambers 56 is projected against the surface of the sheet of glass 16 through a. plurality of uniformly spaced nozzles 61 (see FIGURES and 6) that are mounted in the face plates 49.
  • the face plates 49 are tall enough for six horizontal rows of nozzles 61.
  • horizontal weirs or baffles 62 extend along the upper and lower edges of the face plates 49 toward the glass to define pressure areas and to separate these pressure areas from the intervening exhaust areas 51.
  • Air discharged from the nozzles 61 in the central region of the plates 49 must pass vertically through elongated spaces indicated by the reference numbers 63 (FIGURE 6) between the glass 16 and weirs 62 causing a slight back pressure to exist in the area between the weirs 62. Such air flow is shown by the arrows in FIGURE 6.
  • the preferred baflles and nozzle construction comprises four nozzles 61 connected together by the webs 64.
  • Each of the end nozzles 61 of the group has a half web 65 pro jecting therefrom in line with the webs 64.
  • solid weirs 62 are formed.
  • the same structures can be arranged vertically to provide a plurality of baffles which restrict lateral flow of air between the weirs 62 and aid in providing pressure buildup between the glass 16 and plates 49.
  • the nozzles 61 are supplied with air from the plenum chambers 56 through openings 66 in the front plates 49. While various means can be used to hold the web and nozzle structures in place, the preferred arrangement has flanged projections 67 (see FIGURE 6) on the inner end of the nozzles 61, which extend through the openings 66 and the laterally turned portions of which abut the back side of the plates 49 surrounding the openings 66.
  • the nozzles 61 preferably also have flanges 68 which abut the front face of the plates 49 to add lateral stability to the web and nozzle structures when they are installed in place on the plates 49.
  • a second type of molded nozzle structure 69 is provided.
  • the nozzle structure 69 is a generally T-shaped molded structure, with the cross bar extending vertically to engage the bottom and top cross plates 55 of opposing plenum chambers 56. Holes 66a are provided in the plate 55, and the opposite ends of the cross bars of the T-shaped structures 69 are inserted therein with their flanges 67a gripping the inner surfaces of the plates 55.
  • Each of the T-shaped structures 69 has a pair of generally L-shaped nozzle openings 70, each of which extends through one of the flanges 67 and projects forwardly to terminate in the plane of the ends of the nozzles 61 in the same reticulated pattern.
  • the plenum boxes 27 that are positioned on opposite sides of the glass sheet 16 are substantially identical but are mirror images so that the pressure areas formed over the plates 49 by the weirs 62 and webs 64 are generally opposite each other, as are the exhaust areas 51.
  • air from the nozzles 61 must flow over the weirs 62 to the exhaust areas 51.
  • a sheet of glass 16 is moved toward one of the blastheads, as by a vagrant air current or during its travel into or out of the space between theblastheads it decreases the clearance spaces 63 between the weirs 62 and the glass to choke off air flow to the exhaust areas 51 and to increase the pressure between the plates 49 and the glass.
  • the clearance space 63 between the glass 16 and the weirs 62 of the opposing blasthead is increased so that the pressure between the glass and the corresponding plates 49 of the opposing blasthead is decreased.
  • This increase in pressure on one side of the glass, and decrease in pressure on the other side causes the glass to move back toward center. Any movement from an off-center position between the blastheads is therefore automatically opposed, so that any swinging or oscillating movement of the sheet of glass between the blastheads is rapidly damped.
  • brackets 71 which extend laterally outwardly in opposite directions
  • brackets 72 which also extend laterally, outwardly beneath the brackets 71.
  • Upper crank shafts 73 are horizontally supported in line with the brackets 71 and 71 at opposite sides of the plenum boxes 27 and 27, and lower crank shafts 74 are horizontally supported in line with the brackets 72 and 72'.
  • Each of the crank shafts 73 and 74 is provided with double throws 75 which are identically angularly positioned and each of which receives a bracket 71 and 71' or receives a bracket 72 and 72, as the case may be.
  • the crankshafts 73 and 74 therefore position the plenum boxes 27 and 27' directly opposite each other, and the crankshafts 73 and 74 carry counterweights 76 which oflset the weight of the plenum boxes 27 and 27'.
  • the plenum boxes 27 and 27' are oscillated by a drive comprising a sprocket 77 (see FIGURE 2) fixed to one of the lower crankshafts 74.
  • the sprocket 77 is driven by a chain 78 and sprocket 79 fixed to a jack shaft 80, and the jack shaft 80 is in turn driven by a sprocket and chain drive mechanism 81 powered by a motor 82.
  • the cylinder 48 is actuated to open valves 36 and 36' to cause air from the fans 34 and 34' to flow through nozzles 61, 61' and 70, 7
  • the motor 82 is started to oscillate the plenum boxes 27 and 27' to evenly distribute the blast from the nozzles over all parts of the sheet of glass 16.
  • Air from most of the nozzles 61 and 61 must flow over weirs -62 to the exhaust areas 51 and out through the passages 57; and if the sheet of glass 16 moves toward one plenum chamber, it chokes off air flow over the weirs 62 and 62' as the case may be. This reduces flow through the nozzles 61 or 61 as the case may be that supply air to the pressure areas which are choked off to decrease the pressure drop through the nozzles 61. Inasmuch as the pressure in the plenum chamber 56 is considerably above atmospheric, the decrease in flow through the nozzles rapidly builds up pressure within the space between the weirs, glass and the face of the blasthead to force the sheet of glass away from the blasthead toward which the glass had moved. As the glass moves toward one plenum box it moves away from the opposite plenum box to decrease pressure on the opposite side of the glass to cause the sheet of glass to move back toward a center position. Swinging movement between the blastheads is therefore rapidly damped.
  • the nozzles 61 are /2" in diameter and are located on a 2" square pattern, and the weirs 62 project to within 2" of the center position of the glass. From FIG. 5 it can be seen that air from the six nozzles in each vertical row on plate 49 will divide so that three nozzles exhaust upwardly to an exhaust area 51 while three nozzles exhaust downwardly to an exhaust area 51, so that the air from 2 /2 nozzles must pass between the glass and the weirs 62 through an area 2" x 2" or 4 square inches.
  • the combined cross sectional area of 2 /2 nozzles equals 0.5 square inch, so that the velocity of the exhaust air over the weir equals 0.5 divided by 4 or 0.125 times the velocity of the air through the nozzles.
  • the kinetic energy of a moving fluid is proportional to the square of its velocity, and the pressure drop across a flow restriction is therefore a function of the square of the change in velocity across the flow restriction.
  • the pressure at the weir is then (.125) squared or 0.0156 times the pressure drop in the nozzles, neglecting the entrance losses. If the plenum pressure is 10 inches of water, the pressure drop in the nozzles will be 9.85 inches of water, and the exhaust back pressure across the weir will be 0.15 inch of water.
  • the exhaust area becomes 2 inches x 1 /2 inches or 3 square inches and the velocity becomes 0.5 divided by 3 or 0.167 times that in the nozzles.
  • the back pressure across the weir then becomes 0.0278 times the pressure drop in the nozzles or 0.27 inch of water. This is an increase of 0.27 minus 0.15 which equals 0.12 inch of water.
  • the centering pressure covers only of the total area of the glass to give an average of 0.55 pound per square foot of glass area which is more than sufiicient to cause the glass to assume a centered position.
  • the fluid is ejected from the respective nozzles to impinge a sheet of glass at a relatively high velocity to provide a high heat transfer rate between the glass and the fluid since the large volume of fluid impinges and leaves the sheet. Thereafter, the fluid returns and flows between the nozzles at a relatively low velocity, thereby providing a static pressure in each compartment.
  • the fluid flows at the relatively low velocity to a weir where the fluid is restricted as it flows over the weir at a velocity which is higher than the low velocity in the compartment but lower than the velocity of the fluid ejected from the nozzles.
  • the static back pressure in each compartment is provided for centering a sheet between the blastheads.
  • a blasthead structure for cooling a vertically disposed sheet of glass or the like comprising: a pair of spaced apart opposing blastheads for receiving a vertically disposed sheet therebetween, each blasthead including an end wall facing a like end wall of the opposite blasthead, a plurality of spaced nozzle members extendin-g outwardly a substantial distance from each end wall toward the other end wall, each nozzle member directing fluid toward the other end wall, weir portions extending outwardly from each end wall toward the other and spaced from and surrounding a plurality of said nozzle members so as to define a compartment facing the opposite blasthead whereby the fluid that flows through said nozzle members to impinge a sheet will flow back to the compartment where the fluid flow is restricted between the sheet and the weir portion to provide a back pressure among and around said nozzle members to center the sheet between said blastheads, and exhaust means exteriorly of the compartment for receiving the fluid therefrom.
  • each blasthead includes a plurality of spaced end walls with the space therebetween defining said exhaust means.
  • a blasthead structure as set forth in claim 1 including means for translating said pair of blastheads in unison in plane's generally parallel to the sheet therebetween.
  • each blasthead includes a plurality of spaced end walls with the space therebetlween defining said exhaust means, each end wall being associated with a plenum section so that each blasthead includes a plurality of spaced plenum sections, a plurality of nozzle members disposed in the exhaust space between adjacent plenum sections and supported by adjacent plenum sections for conveying fluid from the adjacent plenum sections toward the opposite blasthead.
  • each blasthead includes a plurality of said compartments, said exhaust means comprising exhaust openings disposed between certain of said compartments so that fluid flows through said nozzle members to impinge a sheet at a relatively high velocity and returns to flow between the nozzle members at a relatively low velocity and to a weir where the fluid flows thereover at a velocity higher than said low velocity for providing the back pressure in each compartment to center a sheet between the blastheads.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
US341050A 1964-01-29 1964-01-29 Blasthead structure for tempering glass sheets Expired - Lifetime US3353946A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US341050A US3353946A (en) 1964-01-29 1964-01-29 Blasthead structure for tempering glass sheets
BE657197D BE657197A (fr) 1964-01-29 1964-12-16
FR998901A FR1428531A (fr) 1964-01-29 1964-12-16 Perfectionnements à des têtes de soufflage pour le traitement du verre
DE19651471991 DE1471991B2 (de) 1964-01-29 1965-01-14 Blaskopfanordnung, insbesondere zum Kühlen von Glasscheiben
GB2498/65A GB1025518A (en) 1964-01-29 1965-01-20 Blasthead structure,particularly for tempering glass sheets

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US341050A US3353946A (en) 1964-01-29 1964-01-29 Blasthead structure for tempering glass sheets

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BE (1) BE657197A (fr)
DE (1) DE1471991B2 (fr)
GB (1) GB1025518A (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3849100A (en) * 1972-10-24 1974-11-19 Ppg Industries Inc Tempering glass sheets
US3936291A (en) * 1972-08-14 1976-02-03 Mcmaster Harold Glass sheet tempering blasthead
US4230474A (en) * 1977-11-22 1980-10-28 Saint-Gobain Industries Apparatus and process for simultaneous thermic glass sheet hardening
US4314836A (en) * 1980-08-04 1982-02-09 Ppg Industries, Inc. Glass sheet tempering apparatus with nozzle arrangement providing fluid escape paths and method of tempering glass sheets
US5094678A (en) * 1990-01-29 1992-03-10 Wsp Ingenieurgesellschaft Fur Warmetechnik, Stromungstechnik U Prozesstechnik Mit Beschrankter Haftung High-convection gas jet nozzle section for sheet-like material guided over rolls and method of using same
US20110154862A1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2011-06-30 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Air-cooling/tempering apparatus for glass sheet, and air-cooling/tempering method
US9611166B2 (en) * 2014-10-02 2017-04-04 Glasstech, Inc. Glass quench apparatus

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2263679A (en) * 1937-11-02 1941-11-25 Ferre Ferdinando Means for toughening glass
FR953953A (fr) * 1945-04-19 1949-12-16 Dispositif pour obtenir des jets mobiles et éventuellement tournants, dans les appareils destinés à insuffler de l'air contre des plaques ou objets en verre à tremper
US3223500A (en) * 1962-11-07 1965-12-14 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Gas module systems for heat transfer and/or fluid support of glass or other sheet materials

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2263679A (en) * 1937-11-02 1941-11-25 Ferre Ferdinando Means for toughening glass
FR953953A (fr) * 1945-04-19 1949-12-16 Dispositif pour obtenir des jets mobiles et éventuellement tournants, dans les appareils destinés à insuffler de l'air contre des plaques ou objets en verre à tremper
US3223500A (en) * 1962-11-07 1965-12-14 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Gas module systems for heat transfer and/or fluid support of glass or other sheet materials

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3936291A (en) * 1972-08-14 1976-02-03 Mcmaster Harold Glass sheet tempering blasthead
US3849100A (en) * 1972-10-24 1974-11-19 Ppg Industries Inc Tempering glass sheets
US4230474A (en) * 1977-11-22 1980-10-28 Saint-Gobain Industries Apparatus and process for simultaneous thermic glass sheet hardening
US4314836A (en) * 1980-08-04 1982-02-09 Ppg Industries, Inc. Glass sheet tempering apparatus with nozzle arrangement providing fluid escape paths and method of tempering glass sheets
US5094678A (en) * 1990-01-29 1992-03-10 Wsp Ingenieurgesellschaft Fur Warmetechnik, Stromungstechnik U Prozesstechnik Mit Beschrankter Haftung High-convection gas jet nozzle section for sheet-like material guided over rolls and method of using same
US20110154862A1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2011-06-30 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Air-cooling/tempering apparatus for glass sheet, and air-cooling/tempering method
US8381547B2 (en) * 2008-09-09 2013-02-26 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Air-cooling/tempering apparatus for glass sheet, and air-cooling/tempering method
US9611166B2 (en) * 2014-10-02 2017-04-04 Glasstech, Inc. Glass quench apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1471991A1 (de) 1969-02-13
DE1471991B2 (de) 1969-10-30
GB1025518A (en) 1966-04-14
BE657197A (fr) 1965-04-16

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