Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/08—Preparations for bleaching the hair
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
  • A61K8/23—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A61K8/34—Alcohols
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/06—Preparations for styling the hair, e.g. by temporary shaping or colouring
  • A61Q5/065—Preparations for temporary colouring the hair, e.g. direct dyes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/10—Preparations for permanently dyeing the hair

Definitions

• This invention relates to a dye composition suitable for dyeing keratinous material such as human hair and pertains more specifically to such a dye composition containing acid dyes together with sufficient free base to provide a pH from 8.5 to 12.5 in aqueous solution.
• One object of the present invention is to provide a dye composition effective for dyeing keratinous material such as human hair, the composition being of such a nature that a mixture of two or more dyes in the composition is absorbed selectively in predetermined ratio by the hair so that predictable and accurately reproducible results are obtained.
• Another object is to provide such a dye composition containing acid dyes capable of dyeing human hair from an aqueous alkaline solution having a pH from 8.5 to 12.5.
• Still another object is to provide such a dye composition in which the dyes are medically safe, for example US. certified colors.
• a further object is to provide a combined bleachingdyeing composition effective for dyeing human hair to a predictable and reproducible color from an aqueous alkaline medium.
• a medically safe dye such as a US. certified color rather than an uncertified coal-tar dye.
• most of such medically safe dyes for example most US. certified colors, are acid dyes; and it has not been possible to obtain the desired range of colors from the certified colors which are not acid dyes. In order to achieve lighter and more intense colors than are naturally present in.
• the hair it is also desirable to bleach the hair, preferably at the same time that the dyeing operation takes place, using a'single combined bleaching-dyeing composition.
• the bleaching agents of choice for use on human hair are peroxides, but these materials areeifective as bleaching agents for hair only in aqueous alkaline solution, andit has generally been considered impossible to obtain effective dyeing from an alkaline medium using acid dyes.
• the dyes which are effective in the present invention are those conventionally known as acid dyes; that is, those organic dyes which dye animal fibers directly from an acidic dye bath. Included among these dyes are most of the U5. certified colors, which are the dyes of choice.
• the salts which may be employed in conjunction with the dye or mixture of dyes include a wide variety of organic and inorganic salts which are inert to the dyes and other ingredients of the composition and which are non-reactive with the hair.
• organic salts When organic salts are employed, they must contain no chains of carbon atoms exceeding six carbon atoms in length.
• Such salts are those of monoand di-valent cations such as the alkali and alkaline earth metals, ammonia, lower alkaylamines containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and mono-, diand tri-alkanolamines in which each alkanol group contains from 2 to 3 carbon atoms.
• the salts include those having such anions as the chlorides, bromides, sulfates, acetates, borates, nitrates, citrates, lactates, bromates, chlorates, etc.
• the salts which are effective are those which are water-soluble; i.e., those which are soluble to the extent of 0.1% by weight or more in water at 25 C.
• the salt must be present in the composition in an amount at least equal to the weight of the dye, the ratio of dye to salt being from 1:1 to 1:20,000 by weight.
• the third essential ingredient of the composition is a free base in an amount sufficient to produce a pH from 8.5 to 12.5 when the composition is dissolved in water.
• the free base be a solid material such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, or 2-amino-2-methyl-l,3-propanediol.
• the dye composition may, however, be provided in the form of an possible to obtain highly satisfactory hair dyeing from such compositions when they are employed in aqueous alkaline media.
• the dye compositions of the present invention offer the important advantage that the extent of absorption of dyes from a mixture containing a predetermined ratio of dyes is predictable and accurately reproducible for any given type of hair.
• the dye compositions of the present invention include, in addition to the dye or mixture of dyes which includes acid dyes, a non-dyeing salt of a cation which is either monovalent or bivalent, and an alkaline material in an amount sufficient to provide a pH of 8.5 to 12.5 upon dissolution of the composition in water.
• the compositions may also include, in a preferred embodiment, from 20% to 400%, based on the total weight of the dye and aqueous solution, in which case it is also possible to employ such free bases as ammonium hydroxide, monoethanolamine, and the like.
• While dye compositions containing the dye, salt, and free base as described above are effective for the purpose of the present invention when applied to the hair in the form of an aqueous solution, optimum results are obtained by adding to the composition from 20% to 200%, based on the total weight of dye and salt, of a non-dyeing organic material having certain solubility characteristics as hereinafter defined. Up to 400% by Weight of this material, based on the weight of dye and salt, may be added if desired.
• the organic material may be either liquid or solid at ordinary temperatures, but must not be completely miscible at ordinary temperatures with the aqueous dye, salt, free base com-positions described above. It.
• the organic material may be substantially completely immiscible with or substantially insoluble in such compositions, or it may be miscible with them only to a limited extent. In any event, it must possess a water solubility so limited that when mixed with an aqueous salt solution in the ratio of 4 parts of the organic material to 10 parts of water to 1.4 parts salt by weight at 25 C., it forms a separate phase and does not completely dissolve in or mix with I aqueous phase. In addition, the organic material must have a solvent power for the dye or mixture of dyes in the dye composition which is approximately equal to the solvent power of water.
• This solvent power can be determined by dissolving the dye composition including the dye or dye mixture, the salt, and the free base in aquewhen the dye concentration in the aqueous phase at the beginning of the test is quite low; a dye concentration of 0.0005 by weight in the aqueous phase has proved to be very satisfactory. If under these conditions visual.
• the organic material phase has extracted a portion only of the dye from the aqueous phase, then the organic material is satisfactory for the purpose of the present invention.
• the organic phase has extracted none of the dye from the aqueous phase or if it has extracted substantially all of the dye from the aqueous phase, the organic material is not satisfactory for the purpose of the present invention.
• organic materials which have been found satisfactory for purposes of the present invention are such organic alcohols as n-butyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, noctyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, terephthalyl alcohol, phenyl ethyl alcohol, and the like, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, aniline, chlorobenzene, camphor, Xylene, toluene, and various other materials.
• the alcohols are preferred, benzyl alcohol being the material of choice.
• the amount of organic material may vary from to 400%, based on the total weight of the dye and the salt.
• the dye composition may be provided in dry solid form to be dissolved in an aqueous medium to form the dye bath, in which case each of the ingredients is itself preferably solid.
• the dye composition may also conveniently be supplied to the consumer. in the form of a paste, cream, or free-flowing aqueous liquids. It is also possible to employ hair-bleaching agents in combination with the remaining ingredients in the present invention to provide combined bleaching-dyeing compositions.
• the bleaching agent in solid form, may be stored in admixture with the remaincler of the composition.
• the bleaching agent whether solid or not, must be kept separate from the remainder of the composition until shortly before use.
• Bleaching agents which may be used effectively in combined bleaching-dyeing compositions include urea peroxide and sodium carbonate peroxide, both of which may be added to the composition in dry solid form, and hydrogen peroxide which may be employed in the form of a paste, cream or free-flowing aqueous solution.
• the bleaching agent is hydrogen peroxide, it must be supplied in an aqueous medium, it must be packaged separately from the dye or mixture of dyes, and it must be maintained at an acidic pH. Consequently, the free base must under these conditions be packaged separately from the bleaching agent, being packaged either by itself or in admixture with the dye composition.
• the amount of free base should be such, as is readily determined by those skilled in the art, as to provide a pH from 8.5 to 12.5 in the aqueous dye bath in the form in which it is applied to the hair.
• the water content of the compositions may vary over a wide range. It will be understood that is some cases it may be desirable to supply the dye composition in the form of a highly concentrated aqueous solution adapted to be diluted with additional water by the ultimate consumer immediately prior to use.
• the water content of the aqueous composition in the form in which it is actually applied to the hair for dyeing purposes may also vary over a considerable range, depending upon the intensity of color desired and the length of time available for maintaining the dye bath in contact with the hair, aswell'as upon the temperature at which the dyeing operation is carried out. In general, the water content of the dye bath in the form in which it is applied to the hair will range from 65% to 90% by weight,
• compositions of the present invention may also be employed in the compositions of the present invention.
• additives are perfumes, opacifiers, and thickeners, e.g., ethoxylated fatty alcohols, carboxylated vinyl polymers, ethoxylated tallow alcohols, stabilizers, etc.
• the composition contain no reducing agents which react with the hair both because they might tend to damage the hair and because they are incompatible with the oxidizing bleaching agents.
• Example 1 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• composition was applied to white hair by means of a sponge and allowed to stand for 15 minutes at 26 C., after which the hair was rinsed in water, shampooed This composition was applied to hair as described in Example 1, the. result being a red coloration.
• Example 3 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• composition was employed to dye white hairusing the procedure described in Example 1; the finished hair was found to exhibit a light brown color.
• Example 4 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• Example 2 The composition was employed to dye white hair by the procedure of Example 1; the finished hair was found to exhibit a light brown color similarto that produced in Example 3 above.
• Example 5 The following compositions were prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• Each dye composition containing the particular nondyeing organic material in the quantity specified was employed to dye white hair by the procedure of Example 1 above.
• the dye composition was highly effective in producing a distinct and intence color in the white hair.
• Example 6 The following compositions were prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• Example 8 The following compositions were prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• Ammonium hydroxide (28 B.) 1.0 Ammonium hydroxide (28 B.) 2.0 Ammonium hydroxide (28 B.) 4.0 Ammonium hydroxide (28 B.) 6.0 Monoethanolamine 1.0 Monoethanolamine 4.0 Sodium hydroxide 1.0
• Example 1 In the case of each of Examples 1 to 8, the procedure described in Example 1 above produced the desired intense coloration in the hair.
• the composition containing sodium hydroxide produced a stronger coloration than did the others and exhibited a higher pH, about 12.0-12.1, than did the compositions containing the other free bases, which had a pH of about 11.7 (ammonium hydroxide) and 11.2 (monoethanolamine), respectively.
• Example 9 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• the composition was applied to white .hair with a polyurethane sponge over a period of 2% to 3 /2 minutes, then left on the hair for 5 to 6 minutes at roomtemperature, after which the head was rinsed with water, given two sudsings with a commercial shampoo, and again rinsed with water.
• the finished hair had a pale, attractive, blue-gray color which exhibited very satisfactory permanency over a three to four week period, during which the hair was frequently shampooed.
• Example 10 I The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• the creamy composition which resulted from this preparation was applied to a head of hair which has a fading, graying, light brownish-red color by means of a polyurethane sponge over a period of 5 minutes and allowed to remain on the air for an additional 5 minutes at 7. room temperature, after which the head was rinsed with water, given two sudsings with a commercial shampoo, and again rinsed with water.
• the result was an attractive titian color which exhibited satisfactory permanency over a four-to six-week period with frequent shampooing.
• Thickener comprising high molecular weight carboxylated vinyl polymer (Carbopol 934) 2.0 Benzyl alcohol 8.0 Ammonium hydroxide (28 B.) 8.0 Sodium sulfate, anhydrous 8.0
• This composition was mixed in equal volumes with an aqueous solution containing 6%by weight of hydrogen peroxide.
• the mixture was applied to medium brown colored hair and allowed to remain in contact with the hair for 15 minutes at room temperature,,after which the hair was rinsed with water, sudsed twice with a commercial shampoo, then rinsed again.
• the finished hair possessed a .drab light brown color.
• Example 12 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• composition was applied to hair and allowed to remain for 15 minutes at room temperature, after which the hair was rinsed with water, sudsed twice with a commercial shampoo, then rinsed again with water. The result was a blue-green color in the hair.
• Example 13 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• Thickener comprising high molecular weight carboxylated vinyl polymer (Carbopol 934) 2.00 Ammonium hydroxide (28 B.) 2.48
• This composition having a pH of approximately 8.7, was applied to hair and allowed to remain for fifteen minutes at room temperature, after which the'hair was rinsed with water, sudsed twice with a commercial shampoo, then rinsed again with water. The result was a titian shade in the hair.
• Example 15 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• This composition having a pH of about 9.4, was mixed with an equal volume of a creamy peroxide bleach composition as described in Example 13 above. The mixture was applied to medium brown hair in the manner described in Example 13 above, whereupon the hair was found to have a titian shade.
• Example 16 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• This composition having a pH of about 8.9, was applied to white hair as described in Example 14, producing a soft blue-gray color.
• Example 17 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• This composition having a pH of about 8.6, was ap-.
• Example 18 e The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• the mixture was a moist freedlowing powder which could readily be packaged in a metal or plastic foil envelope and which resulted in a solution having a pH of about 10.2 when dissolved in water. It was mixed immediately prior to use with 67 parts by weight of a 3% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution.
• the resulting mixed solution was applied to gray hair by the procedure described in Example 14 and was found to produce a brown shade.
• Example 19 The following composition was prepared in which the parts are by weight:
• Example 20 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• the resulting composition was a completely dry powdered material which could readily be packaged in the same fashion as the powders of Examples 18 and 19 above and which produced when dissolved in 100 parts by Weight of water an aqueous solution having a pH of about 9.5.
• the solution when applied to gray or white hair by the procedure described in Example 12, above produced a brown shade.
• Example 21 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• the solution having the foregoing composition and a pH of about 10.4 was mixed immediately prior to use with an equal volume of a creamy peroxide bleach composition as described in Example 13 above.
• the mixed solutions upon application to gray hair as described in Example 13 produced a pale blue shade.
• Example 22 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• the solution having a pH of about 9.3, was applied to hair by the procedure described in Example 12 above, producing an auburn shade.
• Example 23 The following composition was prepared, in which the parts are by weight:
• the solution having a pH of about 10.1, was mixed with a creamy peroxide and applied to hair as described in Example 13, except that the head of the individual was wrapped in a turban during the 15-minute period so as to provide a temperature somewhat greater than room temperature.
• the hair displayed a warm brown shade.
• any of the conventional methods of application of dye compositions to hair may be employed in using the compositions of the present invention.
• liquid compositions they may be poured repeatedly through the hair until a satisfactory level of color has been attained or they may be applied to the hair by a variety of daubers until the hair is thoroughly wetted and allowed to remain until the desired depth of color is achieved.
• the composition is a cream or paste, it may be applied to part or all of the head of hair as desired and allowed to remain until the requisite depth of color has been attained.
• the procedure may be carried out either at ordinary room temperature with the head exposed to the atmosphere; or elevated temperatures may be employed by means of electrically heated caps, hot towels over plastic caps, or other sources of heat.
• a hair dye composition consisting essentially of an acid dye, a water soluble salt selected from the class consisting of the chlorides, bromides, sulfates, acetates, borates, nitrates, citrates, lactates, bromates and chlorates of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonia, lower alkylamines containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and mono-, di-, and tri-alkanolamines in which each alkanol group contains from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, said salt being chemically inert to the hair and to the remaining ingredients of the composition, the ratio of dye to salt being from 1:1 to 1120000 by weight, and a free base in an amount sufiicient to produce a pH of 8.5 to 12.5 in an aqueous solution containing the composition.
• a water soluble salt selected from the class consisting of the chlorides, bromides, sulfates, acetates, borates, nitrates, cit
• a hair dye composition consisting essentially of an acid dye, a water soluble salt selected from the class consisting of the chlorides, bromides, sulfates, acetates, borates, nitrates, citrates, lactates, bromates and chlorates of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonia, lower alkylamines containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and mono-, di-, and tri-alkanolamines in which each alkanol group contains from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, said salt being chemically inert to the hair and to the remaining ingredients of the composition, the ratio of dye to salt being from 1:1 to 1:20000 by weight, and a free base in an amount sufficient to produce a pH of 8.5 to 12.5 in an aqueous solution containing the composition, said free base being selected from the class consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3- propanediol, ammonium hydroxide, and monoethanolamine, said

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Citations (3)

• 0
  • CA CA679585A patent/CA679585A/en not_active Expired
  • BE BE621044D patent/BE621044A/xx unknown
• 1961
  • 1961-08-04 US US129251A patent/US3352755A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1962
  • 1962-07-27 GB GB23942/62A patent/GB959132A/en not_active Expired

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