US2283350A - Composition for bleaching hair - Google Patents

Description

i -111 SR P198309 XR 212839350 rye Bless Reference Search atom CA I IUN it EEXULES t HBERS,

Patented May 19, 1942 COMPOSITION FOR BLEACHIN G HAIR Nathaniel Baum, Chicago, Ill.

McLaughlin & Wallenstein,

No Drawing. Application Febr assignor to Chicago, Ill.

nary 15, 1939,

Serial No. 256,453

8 Claims.

My invention relate the term hair bein on the human head,

In the bleaching of hair, it has long been the s to the bleaching of hair, g used herein to mean hair oleaginous solution of an amine, preferably in the presence of supplementary agents, as hereinafter set forth in detail. This oleaginous solution is mixed with an aqueous solution of a practice to employ a peroxide, specifically hydroperoxide, particularly hydrogen peroxide, and gen peroxide. J-In'view of the fact that hydrogen the resulting emulsion or dispersion is applied to peroxide decomposes in an alkaline medium, the the hair relatively promptly or shortly thereregular practice in bleaching the hair has been after. After the bleaching has been completed, to admix aqueous hydrogen peroxide of desired the composition is readily washed from the hair. volume strength with an aqueous solution of 10 The oleaginous material may be of fixed or ammonia immediately prior to application to the volatile character and may be selected from the hair, the ammonia acting to de-stabilize the hygroup consisting of animal, vegetable and mindrogen peroxide and accelerate therelease of eral oils. Because of considerations of substanoxygen therefrom to effect the bleaching. The tial freedom from the tendency to oxidize and procedure described hereinabove, though practhereby become rancid or otherwise produce unticed on a large scale prior to my present invendesirable flavors and odors, I prefer to employ tion, possessesseveral serious disadvantages. In mineral oils, preferably water-white and of a the first place, the bleaching treatment results consistency generally similar to those of the in drying out of the hair and rendering it britmedicinal variety. I may, howeve e p y tle. Indeed, this is so well recognized that it is mal and v g ta l r triglyceride s s as commonly recommended that hair be not given fined lard oil, refined peanut oil, refined cottona permanent wave until after the lapse of a week d. d the like. or more after it has been bleached so that the The amines which I employ are soluble or disdryness and brittleness caused by the bleaching p rsible n the Oleagincus e u me is to some extent overcome. Another objection which are utilized. .They are preferably also to present practice, as outlined above, is the unsoluble or dispersible in aq eo s media- They pleasantness caused by the ammonia odor. A y b of a p araliphatic, aromatic still further disadvantage is due to so-called droa at ha a t a d should, of u s be overlapping. In other words, the compositions o a p W c Wi 1? be acted up y D as employed tend to over-run on previously O des 0 pa y hydrogen peroxide to form bleached hair,v it being difficult to confine said l r d r u r d colored reaction productscompositions to the local areas desired to be Because of matters of innocuousness and for bleached. Other objections are known to those the r as ns. I prefer to mploy alip at skilled in the art which it is unnecessary at this a s and pa ti ularly the ydroxya kyl amin s time to consider. or alkylolamines. Among such compounds may I have discovered a novel method of bleaching e e o ed, for p monoethanolamine, hair and have evolved new and useful composidiethanolamine, triethanolamine and mixtures tions therefor which overcome the various obthereof including Such as 000111 in commercial jections to and disadvantages of heretofore t t a am n m p c p pan a i s nknown practices. Thus, for example, the dry- 40 eludin -no ma prcpanc am ne a d r scp c ness and brittleness which characterize the conpanclaminer butan'olamines, Dentanolamines, dition of the hair after bleaching in accordance heXaIlOlamiIleS, glycerolamines; l y o p0 5- W th prior procedure vanish when my process i amines such as alkylol derivatives of ethylene dipracticed. The elasticity of the hair is preserved amine and t y e m ne; alky a ed and and permanent waving may be carried t immeother derivatives of the alkylolamines including, diately after bleaching and drying of the hair for example, di l m than ph y t with no adverse effects. Furthermore, overlapnolamine, D y a m e, cy y ping is obviated In a simple and effective manethanclamine, p ny p c e, m c e y ner. Additional advantages also result includethanolamine, dimethyl ethanolamine, O in remedying t a considerable t t t t, ethyl triethanolamine, diethyl triethanolamine, ter of objectionable ammoniacal odors which are ethyl p e yl ethanolamine, and he l e; alky so characteristic of prior art hair bleaching amines such s e y e mi e, diet ylene trii-nethods. amine, triethylene tetramine, butyl amine, hexyl In general, the improved results 01 my invenamine, octyl amine, lauryl amine, mono-methyl 151011 are brought about by the utiliz t on of an thylene diamine, mono-ethyl diethylene trioleaginous material with respect to the hair and,

in addition, it serves in the role of a solubiliz- 50 ing agent for the composition. Thus, when a solution is made up containing, for example, mineral oil, oleic acid, and monethanolamine substantially in excess of that required to neutralize the oleic acid, the resulting solution is not clear. 65

The addition of a suitable proportion of a higher molecular Weight alcohol, such as lauryl alcohol, serves to render the solution clear or transparent. In general, While the proportion of such alcohol is variable, a satisfactory range is from about to about of the composition. Among the higher molecular weight alcohols which may be utilized may be mentioned, for example, octyl alcohol, nonyl alcohol, decyl alcohol, undecyl alcohol, linoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, ricinoleyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, melissyl alcohol, ceryl alcohol, carnaubyl alcohol, myricyl alcohol, higher molecular Weight glycols such as cetene glycols and other vicinal glycols, branched chain octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetra-decyl and octadecyl aliphatic alcohols, as, for example, Z-n butyl octanol-l, 2-butyl tetra decanol-l, and, in general, the higher molecular Weight saturated and unsaturated aliphatic straight chain agmine, 1, hke; and aro rg ene di 22853350 as in and tero amine and th eliVat or yl anljn a cychc bases 511 e a -(filled I h Subst' ut nd 010 ch 01 chaln a1 t ave als 0 10 pr u S an s Whlch h01S, P pe t n esseglggft be highlctsdthere f to the ltiig are tifinf the co s of e 1 so f r a esir and f t of s oc 9 cor 1n t Clea nventi a e C S e broader 5 or hydro Veg t d 1n t rid mg porti 0 a 110118 sol t n of ncerned, to sesame i natecl, a am a1 Orig n e 11 or rsibl ulsifying a t e amine, a 12 D. 011 1 coconut 0 192 tto mural am1 e in t ent wh Is Drof Om n the th1m kernel on laseed 011 utiliz I Vario i s Solut of ave 8 ca 08 alcoh lsoya th 10 ain t 01112341 1 111117.; by 61: e Obt n d 1 ymg ent ma coco eciall em pref ng h hi her plcymg alts o usually atisfact b minant mlxed fatty satisfactory esult acids su cular Weigh soaps of e n 0rd p rti n of 1 ontai In S h olami as than t t lc or fines tion 6 a e fu ul-ryl a ol. g a pre at ylene eats, diet1? eate e 11111 a e m Significance of t he high vrat ang t g mlne lama; 1 preciateil gg es g he fol l m acids Whos ecular i ht, 6 Am is b at t e p 0 rth. It fmi In salt I h a caib 0 on f m y ev d1 Dort f W111 b $22 l l fit fi b Ve ,1, g r iil e il: m n; 9 e i t i o tifnl g F nche h lpose are t p1oy he tof the er nges acids cludin 0 urat e e t h fore to g dmg incm y ar ed and un c in a strued e les lples dls t i saturated \K ln Sense In strat'n rg thele x fimltlt m, ammes re by volume. A parts givnarilg all capric' acid, se acic acix, earths ablh, Shh, ant, Emumme 1 Pa melissic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, ricinoleic S Mineial O11 50 acid, lmoleic acid, linolemc acid, lauric acid, 0M0 acid myristic acid, palmitic acid, mixed higher fatty g g j fig 20 acids. derived from animal or vegetablesources such H 1 alohol 20 as lard, coconut oil, sesame oil, palm oil, oilve y oil, peanut oil, soya bean oil, coconut oil, castor 30 Ex m le II oil, seal, Whale and fish oils and the like. Such Parts acids may contain substituent groups such as hy- Refined peanut '11 60 droxy, halogen, ketone, amide, carbonyl, amine Lauri acid 40 and other groups. Of especial utility is oleic acid Ethylene diamine 18 and particularly in the form of monoethanol- 35 O1ey1 alcohol l0 amine oleate, diethanolamine oleate or trietha- I nolamine oleate. Example A I have discovered, furthermore, that the. improvements which are brought about in accord- 011 ance with my invention as described are still 40 olelc'acld 39 further enhanced if there is included in the 15 oleaginous solution of the amine and emulsify- ,Eorpholme 10 ing agent a higher molecular Weight alcohol. Lauryl alcohol 10 The higher molecular weight alcohol serves sev- Example IV eral functions. It tends to produce a product hav- Parts ing a thicker consistency which serves to prevent Mmem1 on overlapping on previously bleached hair. It also oleic acid 30 functions to enhance the wetting action of the Monoethanolamine 22 In use, immediately or shortly prior to the application to the hair, the oleaginous compositions described hereinabove are mixed with aqueous hydrogen peroxide. Thus, for example, one part by volume of the oleaginous preparation may be mixed with from 2 to 5 parts by volume of hydrogen peroxide of 17 to 20 volume strength. A uniform, oleaginous emulsion is produced which is then applied to the hair. The proportions of the oleaginous preparation and the aqueous hydrogen peroxide employed may be varied, depending upon the rapidity of bleaching and the shade desired.

It will be understood, of course, that in all cases there is a suificient content of free amine in the oleaginous solution so that when the latter is mixed with the aqueous hydrogen peroxide or the like the resulting emulsion or dispersion is alkaline in reaction.

As indicated hereinabove, the proportions of the various ingredients are subject to considerable variation. Thus, for example, the oleaginous material may range from 40 to 60 parts by volume, the amine from 10 to 25 parts by volume, the emulsifying agent, when used, 0.5 to 50 parts or and more, and the higher molecular weight alcohol, 7

fi flEACHlNG dz YELEFNG TREATMENT 52 Ciiitii CANON OF TEXliLEEi & FiBERS FLUID EAL MOBPH...

when used, from about 10 to aboutfio parts by giolume.

Supplemental agents such as perfume and the like may, of course, be added to the composition without in any manner departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Wherever the term higher is used hereinabove and in the claims, as applied to fatty acids, alcohols and the like, it will be understood to mean at least 8 carbon atoms unless otherwise specifically stated.

What I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A liquid composition for use with an aqueous solution of a peroxide for the bleaching of hair comprising an oleaginous solution of an aliphatic amine and an emulsifying agent.

2. A liquid composition for use with an aqueous solution of a peroxide for the bleaching of hair comprising an oleaginous solution of an aliphatic amine and an alkylolamine soap.

3. A liquid composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the ingredients are present in substantially the following proportions:

Parts Oleaginous material 40 to 60 Aliphatic amine 10 to25 Emulsifying agent 0.5 to 50 4. A liquid composition for use with an aqueous solution of a peroxide for the bleaching of hair comprising an oleaginous solution of an ali- Gross attests phatic amine, an alkylolamine soap, and a higher molecular weight alcohol.

5. A liquid composition for use with an aqueous solution of a peroxide for the bleaching of hair comprising an oleaginous solution of an aliphatic amine, an emulsifying agent, and an aliphatic alcohol containing from eight to eighteen carbon atoms.

6. A liquid composition for use with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide for the bleaching of hair comprising mineral oil, an aliphatic amine, a salt of an aliphatic amine and a higher fatty acid, and a higher molecular weight alcohol.

'7. A liquid composition for use with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide for the bleaching of hair comprising the following ingredients in the stated proportions by volume:

Parts Oleaginous material 40 to 60 Amin 10 to25 Emulsifying agent 0.5 to 50 Higher molecular weight aliphatic alcohol 10 to 20 8. A liquid composition for use with an aqueous solution of a peroxide for the bleaching of hair comprising a mineral oil solution containing an aliphatic amine, an alkylolamine soap, and a higher molecular weight alcohol containing at least a substantial proportion of lauryl alcohol.

NATHANIEL BAUM.

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