Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
  • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06N3/042—Acrylic polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
  • C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
  • C08F20/52—Amides or imides
  • C08F20/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
  • C08F20/58—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen, e.g. N-methylolacrylamide, N-acryloylmorpholine
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F218/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
  • C08F218/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
  • C08F218/04—Vinyl esters
  • C08F218/08—Vinyl acetate
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
  • D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
  • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2221—Coating or impregnation is specified as water proof
  • Y10T442/2246—Nitrogen containing
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2549—Coating or impregnation is chemically inert or of stated nonreactance
  • Y10T442/2566—Organic solvent resistant [e.g., dry cleaning fluid, etc.]

Definitions

• This invention relates to the treatment of woven fabrics and is more particularly concerned with the application to woven fabrics of a water-resistant and solvent-resistant coating finish to improve the body and drape of the fabrics.
• the coating, e.g. back coating, and finishing of woven fabrics are well-known operations and various compositions for such use have been proposed and are used in practice.
• Attempts to meet these requirements has ioften involved the provision of relatively complex and expensive compositions which necessarily increase the cost of the finished product.
• woven fabrics whether formed from natural fibers such as cotton, wool, linen and the like, or from synthetic fibers such as cellulose acetate, nylon, Dacron, and the like, or of mixtures of natural and/ or synthetic fibers, are given a desirable body and drape by applying to them a polymeric latex having characteristics which will be described below and drying the latex to remove its liquid component and to leave upon the woven fabrics a deposit of a water-resistant and solvent-resistant polymeric coating.
• the latex used in accordance with the invention contains as the polymeric component an interpolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene copolymerized with N-methylol acrylamide which is effective to polymerize and to crosslink with the initial vinyl acetate and ethylene containing interpolymer under the action of heat.
• the abovedescribed composition is applied to the woven fabric web in the form of an aqueous latex containing the interpolymer of vinyl acetate, ethylene and copolymerized N- methylol acrylamide in the dispersed phase.
• the vinyl acetate-ethylene-N-methylol acrylamide interpolymer is characterized by an ethylene content of to 40%, preferably 16 to 40%, a particle size of 0.1 to 2 preferably 0.1 to 0.25 and an intrinsic viscosity of 1 to 2.5 dl./g.
• the amount of N-methylol acrylamide is 0.5 to 10% on the vinyl acetate.
• composition is readily prepared by the interpolymerization of vinyl acetate, ethylene and N-methylol acrylamide in an aqueous dispersion system.
• the N-methylol acrylamide readily copolymerizes with the vinyl acetate and the ethylene to form an interpolymer or'terpolymer but, as mentioned, is adapted to undergo further reaction after this initial polymerization upon the application of ing agent, at a pH of 2 to 6, the catalyst being added incrementally.
• the process is a batch process which involves first a homogenization period in which the vinyl acetate suspended in water is thoroughly agitated in the presence of ethylene under the working pressure to effect solution of the ethylene in the vinyl acetate up to the substantial limit of its solubility under the conditions existing in the reaction zone, while the vinyl acetate is gradually heated to polymerization temperature.
• the homogenization period is followed by a polymerization period during which the catalyst, which consists of a main catalyst or initiator, and may include an activator, is added incrementally, and the N-methylol acrylamide is similarly added incrementally, the pressure in the system being maintained substantially constant by application of a constant ethylene pressure.
• Suitable free-radical forming catalysts can be used in carrying out the polymerization of the monomers, such as peroxide compounds. Combination type catalysts employing both reducing agents and oxidizing agents can also be used. The use of this type of combined catalyst is generally referred to in the art as redox polymerization or redox system.
• the reducing agent is also often referred to as an activator and the oxidizing agen as an initiator. Suitable reducing agents or activators include bisulfites, sulfoxylates, or other compounds having reducing properties such as ferrous salts, and tertiary aromatic amines, e.g. N,N-dimethyl aniline.
• the oxidizing agents or initiators include hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide and the like, persulfates, such as ammonium or potassium persulfate, perborates, and the like.
• Specific combination type catalysts or redox systems which can be used include hydrogen peroxide and zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate; hydrogen peroxide, ammonium persulfate, or potassium persulfate, with sodium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite, ferrous sulfate, dimethyl aniline, zinc formaldehyde :sulfoxylate or sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate,
• Other types of catalysts that are well-known in the art can also be used to polymerize the monomers, such as the peroxide compounds, with or without the addition of reducing agents or other activating materials.
• Redox catalyst systems are described, for example, in Fundamental Principles of Polymerization by G. F. DAlelio (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1952) pp. 333 et seq.
• Other types of catalysts that are well known in the art can also be used to polymerize the monomers according to this invention, with or without the addition of reducing agents or other activating materials.
• the catalyst is employed in the amount of 0.1 to 2%, preferably 0.25 to 0.75%, based on the weight of vinyl acetate introduced into the system.
• the activator is ordinarily added in aqueous solution and the amount of activator is generally 0.25 to 1 times the amount of catalyst.
• emulsifying agents which are suitably used are non-ionic.
• Suitable non-ionicemulsifying 1 agents include polyoxyethylene condensates.
• Polyoxyethylene condensates may be represented by the general formula:
• R is the residue of a fatty alcohol containing 10-18 carbon atoms, an alkyl phenol, a fatty acid containing 10-18 carbon atoms, an amide, an amine, or a mercaptan, and where n is an integer of 1 or above.
• polyoxyethylene condensates which can be used include polyoxyethylene aliphatic ethers such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene hydroabietyl ether and the like; polyoxyethylene alkaryl ethers such as polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether and the like; polyoxyethylene esters of higher fatty acids such as polyoxyethylene laurate, polyoxyethylene oleate and the like as well as condensates of ethylene oxide with resin acids and tall oil acids; polyoxyethylene amide and amine condensates such as N-polyoxyethylene lauramide, and N-lauryl-N-polyoxyethylene amine and the like; and polyoxyethylene thio-ethers such as polyoxyethylene ndodecyl thio-ether.
• polyoxyethylene aliphatic ethers such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene hydro
• the non-ionic emulsifying agents which can be used according to this invention also include a series of surface active agents known as Pluronics.
• the Pluronics have the general formula:
• a, b, and c are integers of 1 or above. As b increases, the compounds become less water soluble or more oil soluble and thus more hydrophobic when a and remain substantially constant.
• acetylenic glycols sold commercially under the name Surfynois.
• This class of compounds can be represented by the formula in which R and R are alkyl radicals containing from 3 to carbon atoms, R and R are selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl, x and y have a sum in the range of 3 to 60, inclusive.
• non-ionic emulsifying agents which can be used are as follows:
• a polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether having a cloud point of between 126 and 133 F. is marked under the trade name Igepal CO-630 and a polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether having a cloud point above 212 F. is marketed under the trade name Igepal CO-887.
• a similar polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether having a cloud point of about 86 F. is marketed under the trade name Igepal CO610.
• a polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether having a cloud point of between 80 F. and 160 F. is marketed under the trade name Triton X-100.”
• a polyoxyethylene oleyl ether having a cloud point of between 80 F. and 160 F. is marketed under the trade named Atlas G-39l5 and a polyoxyethylene lauryl ether having a cloud point above 190 F. is marketed under the trade name Brij 35.
• a polyoxypropylene having a cloud point of about 140 F. is marketed under the trade name Pluronic L-64, and a polyoxypropylene having a cloud point of about 212 F. is marketed under the trade name Pluronic F-68.
• Pulr-onic L-64 is a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene glycol conforming to the above general formula for Pluronics in which the polyoxypropylene chain has a molecular weight of 1500 to 1800 and the polyoxyethylene content is from 40 to 50 percent of the total weight of the molecule.
• Pluronic F-68 is a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypr-opylene glycol con-forming to the above general formula for 'Pluronics in which the polyoxypropylene chain has a molecular weight of 1500 to 1800 and the polyoxyethylene content is from 80 to 90 percent of the total weight of the molecule.
• the polyoxypropylene Pluronics are obtained by condensing ethylene oxide on the polyoxypropylene base and the hydrophobichydrophilic nature of the resulting compound is controlled by varying the molecular weight of either the hydrophobic base or the hydrophilic portion of the molecule.
• Surfynols are Surfynol 465 which is an ethylene oxide adduct of 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl decynediol containing an average of 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole, and Surfynol 485 which corresponds to Surfynol 465 but contains an average of 30 moles of ethylene oxide per mole.
• Surfynol 465 has a cloud point of about F. and Surfynol 485 has a cloud point above 212 F.
• cloud points recited are based on 1% aqueous solutions.
• a single emulsifying agent can be used, or the emulsifying agents can be used in combination.
• a relatively hydrophobic agent is one having a cloud point in 1% aqueous solution below F.
• a relatively hydrophilic agent is one having a cloud point in 1% aqueous solution of 190 F. or above.
• the concentration range of the total amount of emulsifying agents useful is from 0.5 to 5% based on the aqueous phase of the latex regardless of the solids content.
• Latex stabilizers are also advantageously used.
• the stabilizers employed are, in part, governed by the use to which the copolymer latex is to be put, and/ or the particle size of the copolymer.
• the vinyl acetate ethylene copolymer latices prepared by the method described can have various average particle size ranges.
• an ethylenically-unsaturated acid having up to 6 carbon atoms is advantageously used as the stabilizer.
• Typical acids of this character are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid and the like. These unsaturated acids impart increased stability to the latices. They tend to copolymerize with the monomers in the system.
• the amount of unsaturated acid used is suitably 0.1 to 3% based on vinyl acetate, preferably 0.2 to 1%.
• a protective colloid can be used in the polymerization mixture as the stabilizing agent, although an unsaturated acid can be used if desired.
• Various amounts of colloids can be incorporated into the latices as desired, but it is preferred to maintain the colloid concentration at the lowest level possible. The amount of colloid used will also depend upon the particular colloid employed. Colloids of higher molecular Weight tend to produce a latex of a higher viscosity than like amounts of a lower molecular weight colloid. Other properties of the colloids aside from their molecular weight also affect the viscosity of the latices and also the properties of the films formed therefrom. It is advantageous to maintain the colloid content of the latices between about 0.05 and 2% by weight based on the total latex, and that hydroxyethyl cellulose is a particularly advantageous colloid when used in the latices.
• colloids can also be used, including polyvinyl alcohol, partially-acetylated polyvinyl alcohol, e.g. up to 50% acetylated, casein, hydroxyethyl starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, gum arabic, and the like, as known in the art of synthetic polymer latex technology.
• an alkaline buffering agent of any convenient type. Any alkaline material which is compatible with the stabilizing agent can be used as the buffer.
• the amount of buffer is that sufiicient to adjust the pH of the system within the desired range. Am monium and sodium bicarbonate are preferred buffer because of their compatibility with the system and their low cost.
• the amount of buffer is generally about 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, based on the monomers. Other buffers such as disodium phosphate, sodium acetate, and the like, can, however, also be used.
• reaction temperatures for polymerizing vinyl acetate than have heretofore been feasible economically can also be used.
• the use of lower reaction temperatures has been found to result in higher molecular weight vinyl acetate copolymers.
• the reaction temperature can be controlled by the rate of catalyst addition and by the rate of the heat dissipation therefrom. Generally we have found that it is advantageous to maintain a mean temperature of about 50 C. during the polymerization of the monomers and to avoid temperatures much in excess of 80 C. While temperatures as low as 0 can be used, economically the lower temperature limit is about30 C.
• reaction time will also vary depending upon other variables such as the temperature, the catalyst, and the desired extent of the polymerization. It is generally desirable to continue the reaction until less than 0.5% of the vinyl acetate and N-methylol acrylamide remains unreacted. Under these circumstances, a reaction time of about 6 hours has been found to be generally sufficient for complete polymerization, but reaction times ranging from 3 to 10 hours have been used, and other reaction times can be employed, if desired.
• a substantial amount of the vinyl acetate is initially charged to the polymerization vessel and saturated with ethylene in the manner discussed above. Most advantageously, at least about 75% of the total vinyl acetate to be polymerized is initially charged, preferably at least about 85%, and the remainder of the vinyl acetate is incrementally added during the course of the polymerization.
• the charging of all of the vinyl acetate initially is also contemplated, with no additional incremental supply.
• the quantity of ethylene entering into the copolymer is influenced by the pressure, the agitation, and the viscosity of the polymerization medium.
• pressures in excess of 100 atms. are not required.
• a pressure of at least about 10 atms. is most suitably employed.
• a high degree of agitation should be employed, and high viscosities should be avoided, a low viscosity being preferred.
• a viscosity of 30 to 150 centipoises is con sidered a low viscosity
• a viscosity of 151 to 800 centipoises is considered a medium viscosity
• a viscosity of 801 to 3000 centipoises is considered a high viscosity.
• the process of forming the vinyl acetate-ethylene-N- methylol acrylamide interpolymer latices generally com prises the preparation of an aqueous solution containing at least some of the emulsifying agent and stabilizer, and the pH bufiering system.
• This aqueous solution and the initial charge of vinyl acetate are added to the polymerization vessel and ethylene pressure is applied to the desired value.
• the mixture is thoroughly agitated to dissolve ethylene in the vinyl acetate and in the water phase, agitation being continued until substantial equilibrium is achieved. This generally requires about minutes. However, less time may be required depending upon the vessel, the efficiency of agitation, the
• the charge is brought to polymerization temperature during this agitation period. Agitaton can be effected by shaking, by means of an agitator, or other known mechanism.
• the polymerization is then initiated by introducing initial amounts of the catalyst, and of the activator when used. After polymerization has started, the catalyst and the activator are incrementally added as required to continue polymerization, and the N-methylol acrylamide and the remaining vinyl acetate, if any, is similary added.
• reaction is generally continued until the residual vinyl acetate and N-methylol acrylamide content is below 0.5%.
• the completed reaction product is then allowed to cool to about room temperature, while sealed from the atmosphere.
• the pH is then suitably adjusted to a value in the range of 4.5 to 7, preferably 6 to 6.5 to insure maximum stability.
• the particle size of the latex can be regulated by the quantity of non-ionic emulsifying agent or agents employed and by the use or nonuse of a colloidal stabilizing agent.
• a colloidal stabilizing agent to obtain smaller particle sizes, greater amounts of emulsifying agent are used and colloidal stabilizing agents are not employed.
• the total amount of non-ionic emulsifying agent should be at least about 2%, based on the aqueous phase of the latex, and no colloidal stabilizing agent should be used, or if a colloidal stabilizing agent is used, only very small amounts should be employed.
• the ethylene content can be determined by means of the saponification number.
• Intrinsic viscosity is suitably determined by conventional techniques, i.g. in accordance with the procedure described on pages 309-314 of Principles of Polymer Chemistry by Paul J. Flory (Cornell University Press- 1963); using an Ubbelohde (suspended level) viscometer at 30 C.
• the vinyl acetate-ethylene-N-methylol acrylamide interpolymer latex described above is readily applied to a woven fabric to provide a back-coating or similar coating which will give body, 'or fullness, or drape, or like desirable characteristics, to the fabric, e.g. an upholstery fabric, by conventional coating means employed in the woven fabric art.
• a trough contains the latex to be applied and is fitted with a rotatable roll, which is partially immersed in the latex.
• the fabric to be coated is passedacross the 7 upper portion of the roll which is above the level of the latex in the trough but carries a film or coating of the latex which is transferred to the woven fabric in conventional manner.
• Conventional spray apparatus may also be employed, or the latex may be applied in any other convenient manner.
• the latex is suitably at a temperature of the order of 120 to 140 F. while it is in the licker-on trough and is being applied to the fabric.
• the rate of application can be readily controlled in known manner and the quantity applied to the fabric will depend upon individual conditions and the individual fabric being treated. Ordinarily, for service as a back-coating, the latex is applied at such a rate that the solids content of the coating is of the order of -6% based on the weight of the fabric.
• the solids content of the latex itself can also vary, but it is generally advantageous to have a solids content of the order of 50%. If the latex, as produced, has a higher solids content, or if an even lower solids content is desired, the appropriate solids content can readily be attained by appropriate dilution of the latex with water.
• the fabric is subjected to a drying stage and a curing stage.
• the drying stage is ordinarily carried out at a temperature of the order of 240 to 250 F. for a period of time of the order of 2 minutes, and the curing stage is conveniently carried out at a temperature in the neighborhood of 300 to 300 F. for a period of time of the order of 3 minutes.
• other time-temperature relationship can be employed, as is well known in the art, shorter times at higher temperatures or longer times at lower temperatures being used.
• the curing step can be carried out at 280 F. for about min. or more.
• economic considerations make the use of excessively long times undesirable, and the upper temperature limit is governed by the nature of the fabric.
• the drying and curing can be effected in a single exposure or step, e.g. at 300 F. for 5-l0 min.
• the N-methylol acrylamide completes its polymerization and cross-links in the resin.
• the latex has mixed with it, before it is applied to the fabric, a suitable catalyst for the N-methylol acrylamide.
• acid catalysts such as mineral acids, e.g. HCl, or organic acids, e.g. oxalic acid, or acid salts such as ammonium chloride, are suitably used, as known in the art.
• the amount of catalyst is generally about 0.5 to 2% of the total resin.
• Woven fabrics coated with the resinous latex described above exhibit the desirable characteristics indicated, and retain these characteristics, since the polymeric coating deposited from the latex will withstand numerous contacts with water or dry cleaning solvents, e.g. chlorinated hydrocarbons.
• Example 1 The following was charged to a 25 gal. stainless steel pressure reactor equipped with temperature controls and After purging with nitrogen and ethylene, 104 g. potassium persulfate was added to the mixture. The agitator was set at 300 rpm. and the kettle pressurized with ethyl cue to 40 atm. After reaching equilibrium and after heating to 50 C. the agitation was reduced to 195 r.p.m. and polymerization was started by adding 20 cc. of a 0.5% solution of Formopon. During the polymerization 2,400 g. of a 60% aqueous solution of N-inethylol acrylamide was added incrementally, in addition to 136 g. of potassium sulfate which was also added incrementally as needed. The polymerization was complete after 4 /2 hrs. The latex was cooled and neutralized with ammonia to a pH of 5. The latex had the following properties:
• the above-described latex was diluted to 10% solids, 2.5% of ammonium chloride (based on the weight of solids) was added, and the latex was applied to an x 80 print cloth fabric. The latex was applied at the rate of about 18% (solids) based on the weight of the fabric. The fabric was then dried and cured on a pin frame at 300 F. for about 6 min.
• the cured fabric was then subjected to a 1-hr. accelerated washing test at a temperature of 160 F., employing an AATCC Launder-Ometer, in accordance with Standard Test Method 61-1962 as set forth on pages B-76 and B-77 of the 1962 Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, with the sample being tumbled in a stainless steel cylinder containing stainless steel balls and the wash solution.
• the coating was found to be completely intact after the Washing operation.
• Example 2 The above-described procedure with respect to the preparation of a treated fabric were repeated, except that the coating used was a vinyl acetate homopolymer latex initially having a solids content of 48.7 and a pH of 66.5. At the end of the washing test, the fabric retained only a portion of the coating and had failed the test.
• T is the temperature at which the torsional modulus is 135,000 lbs./in. and T the temperature at which the torsional modulus is 10,000 lbs/in. determined according to ASTM-Dl043-61T.
• a coated woven fabric having on at least one face thereof a coating comprising an interpolymer of vinyl acetate-ethylene-N-methylol acrylamide, the ethylene in said interpolymer being, before polymerization, unsubstituted monomeric ethylene and said interpolymer containing 5 to 40% by weight ethylene and the amount of N-methylol acryamide being 0.5 to 10% by weight of the vinyl acetate.
• a coated woven fabric wherein the woven fabric is coated by applying to at least one face thereof a coating resin in a volatile liquid and then heating to remove the liquid
• the improvement which comprises applying in an aqueous medium a coating resin dispersed in said medium consisting essentially of an interpolymer of vinyl acetate-ethylene-N-methylol acrylamide, the ethylene in said interpolymer being, before polymerization, unsubstituted monomeric ethylene and said interpolymer containing 5 to 40% by weight ethylene and the amount of N-methylol acrylamide being 0.5 to 10% by weight of the vinyl acetate.
• a coated woven fabric having on at least one face thereof a coating deposited from a vinyl acetate-ethylene- N-methylol acnyla-rnide interpolymer latex comprising an aqueous medium having colloidally suspended therein a vinyl acetate-ethylene-N-methylol acrylamide interpolymer, the ethylene in said interpolymer being, before polymerization, unsubstituted monomeric ethylene and said interpolymer containing to 40% by weight ethylene and the amount of N-methylol acrylamide being 0.5 to by weight of the vinyl acetate.
• a latex composition effective for application to a woven fabric to form a resin coating thereon comprising an aqueous medium having colloidally suspended therein a vinyl acetate-ethylene-N-methylol acrylamide interpolymer, the ethylene in said interpolymer being, before 10 polymerization,'unsubstituted monomeric ethylene and, said interpolymer containing 5 to 40% by weight ethylene and the amount of N-methylol acrylamide being 0.5 to 10% by weight of the vinyl acetate.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

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• 1965
  • 1965-03-31 US US444375A patent/US3345318A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1966
  • 1966-03-30 DE DE19661619206 patent/DE1619206B2/de not_active Ceased
  • 1966-03-31 GB GB14360/66A patent/GB1116909A/en not_active Expired
  • 1966-03-31 JP JP41019724A patent/JPS507192B1/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (5)

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