US3342634A - Method of producing black, metalcontaining surface layers - Google Patents
Method of producing black, metalcontaining surface layers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3342634A US3342634A US316152A US31615263A US3342634A US 3342634 A US3342634 A US 3342634A US 316152 A US316152 A US 316152A US 31615263 A US31615263 A US 31615263A US 3342634 A US3342634 A US 3342634A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- black
- surface layer
- molybdenum
- metalcontaining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NMHMDUCCVHOJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium molybdate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O NMHMDUCCVHOJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003738 black carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
- C23C18/1208—Oxides, e.g. ceramics
- C23C18/1216—Metal oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
- C23C18/125—Process of deposition of the inorganic material
- C23C18/1275—Process of deposition of the inorganic material performed under inert atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
- C23C22/74—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process for obtaining burned-in conversion coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/82—After-treatment
- C23C22/84—Dyeing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
- H01J1/26—Supports for the emissive material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
- H01J19/28—Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens
- H01J19/32—Anodes
- H01J19/36—Cooling of anodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
- H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J2893/0012—Constructional arrangements
- H01J2893/0019—Chemical composition and manufacture
- H01J2893/0022—Manufacture
- H01J2893/0023—Manufacture carbonising and other surface treatments
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
- H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J2893/0012—Constructional arrangements
- H01J2893/0027—Mitigation of temperature effects
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of producing black, metal-containing surface layers.
- the present invention provides a method of producing black, metal-containing surface layers consisting of molybdenum and/or tungsten in the form of metal or an oxygen-containing compound, bound to the oxide or the hydroxide of at least one of the following elements: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba.
- the invention also relates to the case in which subsequent to partial reduction an oxide of M0 or W remains, which is bound to an oxide of at least one of said elements.
- the black surface layer can be formed on a great number of different metals, for example nickel, molybdenum, copper, iron and various kinds of steel.
- This black coating is obtained in a simple manner by the reduction of the molybdate or tungstate of the said elements or by starting from a mixture thereof. It is also possible to obtain said layer by applying to the metal substrate a compound of M0 or W and a compound of one of the said elements so that by a reaction at a high temperature in a reducing atmosphere molybdenum or tungsten in the form of the metal and of a given oxide or a hydroxide or, as the case may be, an oxygen-containing compound of Mo and/or W with at least one of the said elements is formed.
- the method according to the invention consists in that a polymolybdate of lithium particularly the trimolybdate 3MoO .Li O is used, which material is particularly suitable for objects which should not be heated in excess of a temperature of 600 C. to 700 C.
- the immersion of a metal tape in a solution of this trimolybdate in equal parts of water and alcohol with a density of 1.12 gms./cm. provides a uniformblack layer adhering excellently.
- a suitable quantity of a binder in order to vary the viscosity and wetting properties of the suspension employed.
- a colloid solution formed for example by 8 gms. of nitrocellulose in 140 mls. of ethylene-glycol and 60 mls. of butanol constitutes, with the solution of lithium-polymolybdate, a pseudo-solution which is particularly suitable for application by spraying, by means of a painting roller or by other similar methods.
- trimolybdate 3MoO .Li O subjected to a reduction at comparatively low temperature (about 600 0), provides, by heating in hydrogen, a pitch black layer.
- a hydrogen-nitrogen atmosphere provides a violet-black layer, probably due to the presence of a small quantity of molybdenum oxide.
- An incomplete reduction may leave as an alternative, molybdenum bronze of the formula MoO .Li (x51).
- products of an incomplete reduction of this polymolybdate are not essential for this invention, if the surface layer contains oxidized or non-oxidized molybdenum, bound to an oxide-containing compound of lithium.
- the present invention thus relates to a coating which is obtained by complete or partial reduction of the applied molybdate.
- tubes were more stable (after a duration of 1000 hours of operation) than tubes, the anodes of which were made of the conventional material, that is Feralrna (steel sheath covered on both sides with aluminum), Niferalma (steel sheath covered on one side with nickel and the other side with aluminum) and nickel having a black carbon layer.
- the nickel-steel tape was provided by spraying with a suspension of 3MoO .Li O in ethanol diluted with Water in a ratio of 1:1 and a density of 1.12 gms./cm. and with the same quantity of collodium.
- the layer was dried by passing the tape along an infrared lamp, which heated the tape at 350 C. in air, after which the tape was sintered in hydrogen at 650 C. for five minutes.
- a black surface layer on a metal substrate consisting of an oxidic compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten and an element selected from the group consisting; of Li, Na, K. Rb, and Cs.
- a method of forming a black surface layer on a metal substrate comprising the steps of applying a layer of a compound selected from the group consisting of molybdates and tungstates of an element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs, to at least a portion of the surface of said substrate, and heating said surface layer in a reducing atmosphere to a temperature of about 600 C. to convert said layer to a black surface layer consisting of an oxidic compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten and one of said elements.
- a method of forming a black surface layer on a 3 4 metal substrate comprising the steps of applying a layer References Cited of lithium trimolybdate to at least a portion of the sur- UNITED STATES PATENTS face of the substrate, and thereafter heating said surface 2 472 189 6/1949 Bienfait et a1 117*225 X layer to a temperature of about 600 C. in a reducing 3189476 6/1965 Cowan 117 227 atmosphere to convert the same into a black surface layer. 5 3:215:555 11/1965 Krey X 4;.
- a method of forming a black surface layer on a nickel substrate comprising the steps of applying a layer FOREIGN PATENTS of lithium trimolybdate to at least a portion of the sur- 241,304 10/1925 Great Britain. face of the substrate, and thereafter heating said surface layer to a temperature of about 600 C. in hydro- 1O ALFRED L'LEAVITT Pnma'y Exammer gen to convert the same into a black surface layer. 1.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR912501A FR1349228A (fr) | 1962-10-17 | 1962-10-17 | Procédé de réalisation de couches superficielles métallisées de couleur noire |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3342634A true US3342634A (en) | 1967-09-19 |
Family
ID=8788866
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US316152A Expired - Lifetime US3342634A (en) | 1962-10-17 | 1963-10-14 | Method of producing black, metalcontaining surface layers |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3342634A (de) |
| AT (1) | AT241226B (de) |
| BE (1) | BE638686A (de) |
| CH (1) | CH455438A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE1521893B2 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR1349228A (de) |
| GB (1) | GB1055881A (de) |
| LU (1) | LU44619A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3967018A (en) * | 1973-10-03 | 1976-06-29 | Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved | Method of surface treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19837007C2 (de) * | 1998-08-14 | 2003-07-03 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus einem Metall gebildeten Bauteils des Vakuumgehäuses einer Elektronenröhre |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB241304A (en) * | 1924-07-23 | 1925-10-22 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in the manufacture of coated metal filaments for use as electron emitting cathodes |
| US2472189A (en) * | 1941-07-03 | 1949-06-07 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Thermionic tube having a secondary-emission electrode |
| US3189476A (en) * | 1962-09-18 | 1965-06-15 | Robert E Cowan | Metallizing process for ceramics |
| US3215555A (en) * | 1962-03-29 | 1965-11-02 | Rca Corp | Methods and materials for metallizing ceramic or glass bodies |
-
0
- BE BE638686D patent/BE638686A/xx unknown
-
1962
- 1962-10-17 FR FR912501A patent/FR1349228A/fr not_active Expired
-
1963
- 1963-10-12 DE DE19631521893 patent/DE1521893B2/de active Pending
- 1963-10-14 AT AT820563A patent/AT241226B/de active
- 1963-10-14 US US316152A patent/US3342634A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1963-10-14 CH CH1258163A patent/CH455438A/de unknown
- 1963-10-14 LU LU44619D patent/LU44619A1/xx unknown
- 1963-10-17 GB GB41069/63A patent/GB1055881A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB241304A (en) * | 1924-07-23 | 1925-10-22 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in the manufacture of coated metal filaments for use as electron emitting cathodes |
| US2472189A (en) * | 1941-07-03 | 1949-06-07 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Thermionic tube having a secondary-emission electrode |
| US3215555A (en) * | 1962-03-29 | 1965-11-02 | Rca Corp | Methods and materials for metallizing ceramic or glass bodies |
| US3189476A (en) * | 1962-09-18 | 1965-06-15 | Robert E Cowan | Metallizing process for ceramics |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3967018A (en) * | 1973-10-03 | 1976-06-29 | Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved | Method of surface treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT241226B (de) | 1965-07-12 |
| DE1521893A1 (de) | 1969-10-30 |
| GB1055881A (en) | 1967-01-18 |
| FR1349228A (fr) | 1964-01-17 |
| BE638686A (de) | |
| LU44619A1 (de) | 1963-12-14 |
| DE1521893B2 (de) | 1971-05-27 |
| CH455438A (de) | 1968-07-15 |
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