US3325409A - Toner for electrophotography - Google Patents
Toner for electrophotography Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3325409A US3325409A US303144A US30314463A US3325409A US 3325409 A US3325409 A US 3325409A US 303144 A US303144 A US 303144A US 30314463 A US30314463 A US 30314463A US 3325409 A US3325409 A US 3325409A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- grams
- microlith
- ester
- black
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- CNPVJWYWYZMPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyldecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C)C CNPVJWYWYZMPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 glycerol ester Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical group N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000019612 pigmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEVGKYBUANQAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N victoria blue R Chemical compound [Cl-].C12=CC=CC=C2C(=[NH+]CC)C=CC1=C(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C)C)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 JEVGKYBUANQAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
- G03G9/125—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by the liquid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
- G03G9/13—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components
Definitions
- This invention relates to electrophotography, and in particular relates to a new and improved liquid dispersible toner suited to the reproduction of line images.
- black toners of such properties hereinbefore described suitable for dispersion in low KB hydrocarbon carrier systems can be formulated using esters of hydrogenated rosins as binders, and that such materials are of uniform polarity and capable of production of substantially black image deposits with little or no background deposit.
- the degree of scuff resistance attainable can be adjusted by change in the pigment/ resin ratio within the toner and also by the addition of drying oils, such as linseed oil, or by the addition of certain petroleum resins.
- Such toners have been found to be dispersible in a variety of carrier liquids with KB values as high as 100, but are of particular interest in connection with low KB high boiling point hydrocarbon carrier liquids necessary for development of images on presently preferred binder systems used with particulate photoconductors.
- Example 1 Grams Microlith black CT 20 Microlith blue 4GT 10 Shellsol T 30 The components are mixed together in a high speed stirrer and the resultant cream dispersed in a dispersing fluid in the proportion 0.5-10 grams dispersed phase to 3,325,409 Patented June 13, 1967 100 grams fluid. It should be noted that the Microlith pigments of this example contain approximately percent by weight of a hydrogenated rosin ester.
- Microlith black CT is carbon black dispersed in hydrogenated rosin ester
- Microlith blue 4GT is phthalocyanine' blue dispersed in hydrogenated rosin ester
- the dispersing fluids envisaged in this and following examples are typified by 'Shellsol T, a hydrocarbon petroleum solvent of nil aromatic content manufactured by the Shell Company, boiling range 180-207 C., Flash Point 130 F., KB value 26, specific gravity of 0.761 at 60 F., and by Isopar H, an isoparrafiinic hydrocarbon solvent manufactured by Humble Oil & Refining C0,, boiling range 171-193 C., Flash Point 123 F.., KB value 26.9, and and aniline point of 183 F.; and by Sovasol 35, an isoparafiinc hydrocarbon solvent manufactured by Socony Mobil Oil Co., boiling range 171-199 C., Flash Point 120 C., KB value 26.
- the Microlith pigments are manufactured by Ciba Limited, Microlith T series being dispersible in carrier liquids of the desired relatively low solvent power, This toner when used in conjunction with zinc oxide/binder photoconductor layers is capable of producing substantially background free black image deposits which become fairly scuff resistant on drying.
- Example 2 The Staybelite ester 10 of Example 2 was replaced by C/ 236 pale glycerol ester, acid value 5-10, melting point 7080 C., manufactured by Grindley & Co. Limited, London.
- Example 4 A hydrogenated rosin ester was prepared by heating 100 grams of hydrogenated rosin, such as Staybelite resin, with 400 grams polymerised linseed oil. This varnish was used as a base for the preparation of a toner as follows:
- Example 5 The scuff resistance of toners such as that of Example 3 can be further improved by the incorporation of such resmated pigments as the Microlith T series pigments of Example 1 as follows:
- Example 3 Grams Staybelite varnish of Example 3 85 Microlith black CT 20 Microlith blue 4GT 10 This toner is ground and dispersed for use as in Example 4.
- Example 6 The image density of deposited images can be increased to a marked extent without impairment of the scuff resistant properties "by the incorporation of certain petroleum resins such as polyisobutylene in the toner concentrate in addition to the rosin ester. This can be incorporated in a toner such as that of Example 1 as follows:
- Example 7 The colour value of the toner of Example 2 can be increased by adding in addition 30 grams of a 50% solution of polyisobutylene in Sovasol 35.
- a substantially black liquid toner for electrophotographic images consisting essentially of a substantially black pigment material, hydrogenated rosin ester as a binder resin, and a substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon carrier liquid having a KB value less than 28.
- a toner according to claim 1 wherein the pigment material is predominantly carbon black and the weight ratio of pigment-to-rosin ester is not more than about 1:4.
- ester is 5 selected from the group consisting of the gylcerol ester of hydrogenated rosin and that obtained by heating hydrogenated rosin with polymerized linseed oil.
- a toner according to claim 4 wherein the pigment material is predominantly carbon black and the Weight ratio of pigment-to-rosin ester is not more than about 1:4. 6. A toner according to claim 5 wherein the carrier liquid is about 100 parts by Weight and the pigment and ester together are about 0.5 to 10 parts by weight.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU21524/62A AU272090B2 (en) | 1962-08-28 | Improved toner for electrophotography |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3325409A true US3325409A (en) | 1967-06-13 |
Family
ID=3710764
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US303144A Expired - Lifetime US3325409A (en) | 1962-08-28 | 1963-08-19 | Toner for electrophotography |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3325409A (en(2012)) |
| BE (1) | BE636708A (en(2012)) |
| CH (1) | CH420859A (en(2012)) |
| DE (1) | DE1266645C2 (en(2012)) |
| GB (1) | GB1052443A (en(2012)) |
| NL (2) | NL140995B (en(2012)) |
| SE (1) | SE320883B (en(2012)) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3980577A (en) * | 1972-10-21 | 1976-09-14 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Diphenylmethane electrophotographic liquid developer |
| US4181620A (en) * | 1975-01-07 | 1980-01-01 | Ricoh Co., Ltd. | Liquid developer for use in electrophotography |
| FR2519778A1 (fr) * | 1982-01-11 | 1983-07-18 | Savin Corp | Procede et composition de developpement d'images electrostatiques latentes |
| US6337168B1 (en) | 1993-08-02 | 2002-01-08 | Indigo N. V. | Toner particles with modified chargeability |
| US20030104304A1 (en) * | 2001-11-26 | 2003-06-05 | Nicholls Stephen Lansell | Liquid developers |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2348594A (en) * | 1942-11-14 | 1944-05-09 | Interchem Corp | Printing ink |
| US2361740A (en) * | 1941-04-24 | 1944-10-31 | J M Huber Inc | Thermofluid printing ink |
| US2584300A (en) * | 1948-12-09 | 1952-02-05 | Johns Manville | Liquid binder |
| US2640782A (en) * | 1949-12-10 | 1953-06-02 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Printing ink containing a polymerized olefin |
| US2907674A (en) * | 1955-12-29 | 1959-10-06 | Commw Of Australia | Process for developing electrostatic image with liquid developer |
-
0
- BE BE636708D patent/BE636708A/xx unknown
- NL NL297157D patent/NL297157A/xx unknown
- GB GB1052443D patent/GB1052443A/en not_active Expired
-
1963
- 1963-08-19 US US303144A patent/US3325409A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1963-08-21 DE DE19631266645 patent/DE1266645C2/de not_active Expired
- 1963-08-27 NL NL63297157A patent/NL140995B/xx unknown
- 1963-08-27 SE SE9336/63A patent/SE320883B/xx unknown
- 1963-08-28 CH CH1062163A patent/CH420859A/fr unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2361740A (en) * | 1941-04-24 | 1944-10-31 | J M Huber Inc | Thermofluid printing ink |
| US2348594A (en) * | 1942-11-14 | 1944-05-09 | Interchem Corp | Printing ink |
| US2584300A (en) * | 1948-12-09 | 1952-02-05 | Johns Manville | Liquid binder |
| US2640782A (en) * | 1949-12-10 | 1953-06-02 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Printing ink containing a polymerized olefin |
| US2907674A (en) * | 1955-12-29 | 1959-10-06 | Commw Of Australia | Process for developing electrostatic image with liquid developer |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3980577A (en) * | 1972-10-21 | 1976-09-14 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Diphenylmethane electrophotographic liquid developer |
| US4181620A (en) * | 1975-01-07 | 1980-01-01 | Ricoh Co., Ltd. | Liquid developer for use in electrophotography |
| FR2519778A1 (fr) * | 1982-01-11 | 1983-07-18 | Savin Corp | Procede et composition de developpement d'images electrostatiques latentes |
| US6337168B1 (en) | 1993-08-02 | 2002-01-08 | Indigo N. V. | Toner particles with modified chargeability |
| US20020102487A1 (en) * | 1993-08-02 | 2002-08-01 | Yaacov Almog | Toner particles with modified chargeability |
| US20030104304A1 (en) * | 2001-11-26 | 2003-06-05 | Nicholls Stephen Lansell | Liquid developers |
| US6811943B2 (en) * | 2001-11-26 | 2004-11-02 | Research Laboratories Of Australia Pty Ltd | Liquid developers |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1266645B (en(2012)) | 1973-12-20 |
| NL140995B (nl) | 1974-01-15 |
| GB1052443A (en(2012)) | 1900-01-01 |
| NL297157A (en(2012)) | |
| DE1266645C2 (de) | 1973-12-20 |
| BE636708A (en(2012)) | |
| SE320883B (en(2012)) | 1970-02-16 |
| CH420859A (fr) | 1966-09-15 |
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