US3321308A - Xerographic induction recording - Google Patents

Xerographic induction recording Download PDF

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Publication number
US3321308A
US3321308A US281181A US28118163A US3321308A US 3321308 A US3321308 A US 3321308A US 281181 A US281181 A US 281181A US 28118163 A US28118163 A US 28118163A US 3321308 A US3321308 A US 3321308A
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United States
Prior art keywords
layer
image
conductive
deformable
insulating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US281181A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lewis E Walkup
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Priority to US281181A priority Critical patent/US3321308A/en
Priority to US281233A priority patent/US3317316A/en
Priority to FR973036A priority patent/FR1393821A/fr
Priority to SE5614/64A priority patent/SE319083B/xx
Priority to GB19657/64A priority patent/GB1049903A/en
Priority to GB19656/64A priority patent/GB1069741A/en
Priority to DE1437260A priority patent/DE1437260C3/de
Priority to NL6405291A priority patent/NL6405291A/xx
Priority to BE648043A priority patent/BE648043A/xx
Priority to FR974708A priority patent/FR1399017A/fr
Priority to LU46101D priority patent/LU46101A1/xx
Priority to NO153291A priority patent/NO122729B/no
Priority to CH647764A priority patent/CH469292A/de
Priority to US616678A priority patent/US3526879A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3321308A publication Critical patent/US3321308A/en
Priority to NL7108246A priority patent/NL7108246A/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/022—Layers for surface-deformation imaging, e.g. frost imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G16/00—Electrographic processes using deformation of thermoplastic layers; Apparatus therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/02—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having one or more output electrodes which may be impacted selectively by the ray or beam, and onto, from, or over which the ray or beam may be deflected or de-focused
    • H01J31/06—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having one or more output electrodes which may be impacted selectively by the ray or beam, and onto, from, or over which the ray or beam may be deflected or de-focused with more than two output electrodes, e.g. for multiple switching or counting
    • H01J31/065—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having one or more output electrodes which may be impacted selectively by the ray or beam, and onto, from, or over which the ray or beam may be deflected or de-focused with more than two output electrodes, e.g. for multiple switching or counting for electrography or electrophotography, for transferring a charge pattern through the faceplate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/80—Television signal recording using electrostatic recording
    • H04N5/82—Television signal recording using electrostatic recording using deformable thermoplastic recording medium

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to xerography and in particular to deformation development of latent electrostatic images.
  • This application is a continuation-iin part of application Ser. No. 200,848, filed Iune 7, 1962, now U.S. Patent No. 3,196,013.
  • the latent electrostatic image on a xerographic plate is developed by applying a particulate pigmented developer material characterized in that it is attracted selectively by a latent electrostatic image.
  • the present invention encompasses methods and means of deforming auseparate orseparable layer by the induction effects. ofvan electrostatic latent image.
  • VIt is a, further object to define a methodof deforming a liquid layer by induction effects of a .latent electro; static image. l
  • FIGURE l is a diagrammatic illustration of induction deformation of a liquid layer.
  • FIGURE 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of induction deformation of a thermoplastic layer.
  • FIGURE 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of induction deformation of the interface between a conductive liquid layer and an insulating thermoplastic layer.
  • FIGURE 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of induction deformation of the interface between an insulating liquid layer and a conductive thermoplastic layer.
  • FIGURE 5 is a diagrammatic illustration of induction deformation of the interface between an insulating liquid layer and a conductive liquid layer.
  • FIGURE 6 is a diagrammatic illustration of induction deformation of the interface between a conductive thermoplastic layer and an insulating thermoplastic layer.
  • FIGURE 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of an embodiment for forming a latent electrostatic image With a pin tube.
  • FIGURE 8 is a diagrammatic illustration of an embodiment of the invention for induction deformation with a Lenard window tube.
  • FIGURE 9 is a diagrammatic illustration of an embodiment of the invention for induction deformation with a charactron tube.
  • FIGURE 10 is a digrammatic illustration of apparatus inaccordance with the invention for induction deformation readout from a cathode-ray tube.
  • the present invention utilizes the physical effects of electrical field forces for image reproduction.
  • the elds emanating from an electrostatic latent image may be used to displace material in such a way as to form a useable image.
  • plate 10 carries latent electrostatic image 13. This image may be previously formed in a conventional xerographic manner as by electrostatically charging insulating layer 1.2 and, if layer 12 is Photoconductive, exposing it to an image pattern to selectively dissipate some of the charge.
  • the xerographic plate as shown comprises layer 12 of a photoconductive insulating ma terial such as vitreous selenium, zinc oxide in a binder, or other known photoconductive insulator, and conductive backing 11 such as brass, aluminum, conductive paper, glass with a conductive coating of tin oxide or the like.
  • a photoconductive insulating ma terial such as vitreous selenium, zinc oxide in a binder, or other known photoconductive insulator
  • conductive backing 11 such as brass, aluminum, conductive paper, glass with a conductive coating of tin oxide or the like.
  • layer 12 hasbeen charged positively
  • xerographic plate 10 bearing the latent electrostatic image is maintained in the dark and is positioned on supports 14 immediately over the image plate 15 comprising a conductive layer 16 which may suitably be made of conductive paper, metal, or other conductive material, and a conductive liquid layer 17 such as water, alcohol, mercury, Aquadag (Acheson Colloids Corp), or a liquiiied conductive resin material.
  • the two plates are positioned as closely together as possible while avoiding actual physical contact.
  • gaseous space 19 is maintained rbetween the adjacent surface preferably with a gap Width of between 1 and 5 mils.
  • a narrower gap width presents too great a problem in precisely positioning the plates and raises the probability of dielectric breakdown which produces image defects.
  • a gap width exceeding about 5 mils reduces the field eects obtained, lowers the quality of the reproduced image and reduces resolution and contrast.
  • the electrical charges representing the latent electrostatic image attract charges of opposite polarity to the adjacent areas of conductive liquid 17.
  • the lines of force emanating from the latent electrostatic image find proximate points of opposite polarity charges in the liquid layer 17 and exert physical forces of attraction on those charges producing a deformation in the liquid layer.
  • the surface of liquid layer 17 is displaced in accordance with the latent electrostatic image to form relief image 18.
  • deformable layer 21 is appropriately a thermoplastic material such ⁇ as esters of hydrogenated rosin sold as Staybelite by Hercules Powder Co., styrene and styrene homologue resins sold as Piccolastic by Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corp., Amberol sold by Rohm and Haas Co., and other thermoplastic materials preferably having softening temperatures between about 90 F. and 200 F. in order to maintain stability at room temperature and yet soften readily for image formation.
  • ⁇ as esters of hydrogenated rosin sold as Staybelite by Hercules Powder Co.
  • styrene and styrene homologue resins sold as Piccolastic by Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corp.
  • Amberol sold by Rohm and Haas Co.
  • other thermoplastic materials preferably having softening temperatures between about 90 F. and 200 F. in order to maintain stability at room temperature and yet soften readily for image formation.
  • plastic materials are -commonly electrically insulating, but their conductivity is readily increased by appropriate additives.
  • the plastic may contain carbon black or like conductivity agent such as a dag graphite suspension obtainable from Acheson Colloid Corp.
  • the relatively conductive deformable layer is described as conductive This is not intended to mean conductive in the general sense, but rather in the sense specific to the electrophotographic art.
  • conductors are considered to have resistivities of less than 1 ohm-cm.
  • Semiconductors are considered to occupy the range up to 109 ohm-cm., and materials with still higher resistivities are considered insulators.
  • insulators are generally considered to be materials having resistivities of 1013 ohm-cm. and higher with materials capable of some charge retention having resistivities higher than l010 ohm-cm.
  • the deformable layer 21 is supported by a conductive layer 22 against which is appropriately positioned a heating element 23.
  • the deformable layer can be liquified by energizing heating element 23.
  • the deformable layer will deform in the image pattern as described in connection with FIGURE 1 during the liquid phase, and then upon deenergization of the heating element, the deformable layer will freeze in the image pattern and may be removed from the presence of the latent electrostatic image for separate use. Re-heating in the absence of the latent electrostatic image will cause complete erasure of the image.
  • FIGURE 3 An embodiment of the invention for simultaneous formation of both the latent electrostatic image and the induction deformation image is illustrated in FIGURE 3.
  • the embodiment of FIGURE 3 has the advantage of not requiring separate movement of the xerographic plate 10 and the image plate 15 during the process step.
  • a further advantage is that no corona charging is used, reducing the required voltage, equipment, and process steps. Also, this can work in a vacuum where corona charging is not possible.
  • a xerographic plate 10 such as described in -connection with FIGURE 1 is positioned in a sandwich with a deformable insulating layer 25 and a conductive liquid layer 26 in turn supported by a conductive backing 27.
  • the deformable layer 25 which coats the conductive liquid layer 26 serves a dual function of providing a layer which may be frozen in a deformed condition and also providing an insulating barrier between the conductive liquid 26 and the photoconductive insulating layer 12. With this insulating barrier 25, it is possible to reduce the spacing between the photoconductive insulating layer andthe conductive liquid layer down to a gap in the order of 5 microns or more. With this decrease in spacing gap as compared to the embodiment of FIGURE 1, improved image contrast and resolution is obtainable. As well as various thermoplastics listed in connection with FIGURE 2, the deformable layer 25 in FIGURE 3 is appropriately low melting point paraffin. A voltage is applied between the conductive layers 11 and 27 from a voltage source 28.
  • the desired effects may be obtained by a considerably lower potential so voltage source 28 is accordingly in about the range of volts or higher.
  • the limiting high voltage is one that would cause a dielectric breakdown in insulating layer 25 lor photoconductive insulating layer 12.
  • the sandwich of layers is heated as by a heating element 23 so as to liquify the deformable layer 25 to a highly compliant condition.
  • the photoconductive insulating layer is exposed to a light image as by a projector 31 as illustrated in FIGURE 3.
  • the backing layer of the Xerographic plate is made of a transparent material such as glass coated with a conductive layer such as tin oxide.
  • the electrical capacity of the sandwich varies in the image configuration. A greater charge density is achieved in the discrete areas of relatively greater capacity producing stronger field effects and selectively deforming both the conductive liquid layer 26 and the deformable layer 25 which yields to the forces induced in the conductive layer 26.
  • the deformable layer 25 will freeze, producing a fixed deformed interface between it and the liquid layer 26. The image plate with the deformed frozen layer and the liquid layer may then be removed from the xerographic plate and an image projected from it by virtue of differences in refraction at the deformed interface.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates the variation of the embodiment of FIGURE 3 in which an insulating liquid layer 35 is ⁇ positioned between the latent electrostatic image-bearing surface and a conductive deformable layer 36.
  • layer 36 is made of a material that is solid at room temperature and readily liquies on the application of heat. This has a slight advantage over the embodimentof FIGURE 3 in that the thermally liquiable layer 36 is closer to the heat source 23. Thus, in FIGURE 4, the heating requirements are slightly less, and there is less chance of deterioration of the xerographic plate due to repeated application of heat.
  • FIGURE 5 The use of an insulating liquid and a conductive liquid is illustrated in FIGURE 5 in which an insulating liquid 38 is positioned in between the latent electrostatic imagebearing surface and a conductive liquid layer 39.
  • the conductive liquid may be water and the insulating liquid may be oil.
  • the resistance against the deformation etfects of the latent electrostatic image is produced almost entirely by liquid viscosity and interfacial tension between the two liquids. Since materials may be selected to minimize interfacial tension, deformation is readily obtained enabling the use' of lower voltages, thinner layers, and larger solid relief areas.
  • both the insulating deformation layer and the conductive deformation layer are made of thermally liquia'ble materials that are solid at normal room temperatures. With both of these layers made of a material such as thermoplastic, it is possible to strip them apart after the image has been formed and solidified so as to obtain two separate deformation images.
  • the conductive layer would have a direct reading image, while the insulating layer would have a mirror reverse image on its deformed surface.
  • FIG- URE 6, as well as in FIGURE 3 vit is possible to use an insulating layer that is bonded permanently to the photoconductive insulating layer of the xerographic plate. However, this would require slightly different Xerographic steps from those customarily used. Thus, sensitzing the plate would have to be performed by a method such as disclosed in U.S. Patent 2,833,930 in which charge is induced to the photoconductor surface under illumination and then trapped at the surface by discontinuing the illumination.
  • FIGURES -3, 4, 5, and 6 are all illustrated with a voltage source 28 .applied across the conductive layers 11 and 27.
  • the common electrical reference connections as shown in FIGURES l and 2 produce the desired results.
  • charge plate ⁇ 10 then sandwich the 4layers together, .and .then form the latent image by exposing with a light image through a transparent side of the sandwich.4 In this latter case,- eithera common reference as in FIGURES l and .2 or a voltage source 28. connected between layers 11 and ⁇ 27 williestablish the desired references for deformation.
  • FIGURES ⁇ 1 'through 6 While the embodiments of the invention illustrated in FIGURES ⁇ 1 'through 6 have all been described using the xerographic plate as the latent image-forming member, various other methods and apparatus for forming a'latent electrostatic image have been found operative. Particularly where it is Idesirable to print out images in a facsimile receiver or in electronic computers or informati-0n retrieval equipment, it is desirable to reproduce information supplied through a cathode-ray'tube or comparable device. Thus, FIGURES 7, 8, 9 and l0 are directed to the .embodiments of the invention which are particularly applicable' for use with such electronic equipment.
  • electrically insulating layer 41 is a layer of most any electrically insulating material having a'resistivity higher than 1013 ohm-cm., and no photoconductive layer is used.
  • Appropriate materials are plastic materials such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, or a highly insulating acrylic plastic, polyethylene, or acetate material. Glass is also suitable where llexibility is not desired.
  • the material used for this insulating layer should maintain dimensional stability when exposed to temperatures of at least 200 F. and maintain electrical resistance of greater than l013 ohm-cm.
  • tPlate 40 also has a conductive backing 42 of metal or, in some cases, a transparent material with a conductive transparent coating such as glass or a transparent plastic coated with tin oxide, copper iodide, or the like.
  • a type of cathode-ray tube 43 known in the art as a pin tube, can be used to form a latent electrostatic image on plate 40.
  • pin tubes A more detailed description of pin tubes may be found in U.S. Patent 3,001,848 to L. E. Walkup.
  • Pin tube 43 generally consists of cathode-ray gun structure 45, deflection plates 46 and face 47 of glass :or other highly insulating material in which a plurality of conductive pins 48 are embed-ded in a uniform array.
  • Conductive layer 42 Iof plate 40 is connected to a reference potential in common with the electrical circuits operating pin tube 43.
  • face 47 of the pin tube is positioned in proximate contact with the surface of layer 41.
  • Electron gun 45 generates a cathode-ray beam which is caused to sweep back and forth in a uniform pattern across pins 48.
  • the cathode-ray beam is intensity modulated by control signals in accordance with the intelligence to be reproduced.
  • FIGURE 8 illustrates an embodiment of the invention comprising aV support layer 51 coated with a conductive layer 52.
  • This arrangement of layers 51 and 52 is preferred when a transparent support is desired since the support layer 51 can be glass or transparent plastic coated with a transparent ⁇ conductive material such as tin oxide or copper iodide. Such transparency is usually desirable, since the preferred utilization of the deformation image is by transmission of light through the deformed layers.
  • a single conductive layer such as a metal plate maybe usedinstead of the two layers 51 and 52.
  • a deformable conductive layer 53 either liquid or solid of a low viscosity when heated is applied.
  • This material may have the characteristics of any of the conductive deformable materials previously disclosed and, for the reasons just given, is preferably transparent.
  • ⁇ Insulating deformable layer 55 is -applied over conductive deformable layer S3. This insulating deformable layer should have a resistivity ⁇ of l013 ohm-cm.
  • a low softening point plastic material such as Staybelite Ester or Staybelite Ester available from the Hercules Powder Company, Piccolastic A-50 or Piccolastic A-75 available from Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Company ior lother material that is soft or softenable at a temperature between about 90 F. and 200 F. to a viscosity between :about 104 and 107 poises.
  • the deformable insulating layer 55 and the deform-able conductive layer 53 be non- 'miscible They may be separable or non-separable, but ⁇ where both layer 53 and layer 55 are deformable solid materials, it has been found preferable to bond them permanently together to minimize non-uniformity of contact. Where one of the layers is a liquid, uniformity can be achieve-d readily without permanent bonding. Where readout; 0f the image is to be by light transmitted through .the sandwich, it is a further desirable characteristic that 4a high refractive index differential exist between the two Ideformable layers.
  • deformable layers are permanently bonded together and the image is to be readout Iwhile the layers are so bonded, it becomes essential that .refractive index differential exist between the materials zso that the image can be detected.
  • the difference in absolute refractive index is preferably about .2 or greater if no special optics are to be used for viewing. Where a schliefen or other contrast enhancing optical system is permissible, the difference in refractive index may be as low as .05 as long as the layers have a high optical quality and foreign material such as dust is very minimal.
  • De- Vformable insulating layer 55 is, in turn, bonded to a highly insulating support layer 56. Support layer 56 in this embodiment serves a dual purpose.
  • the cathode-ray tube 57 is positioned over the surface of insulating support layer 56 for forming the latent electrostatic image.
  • This cath- ⁇ ode-ray tube is essentially similar to that illustrated in FIGURE 7 and operates in the same way except that instead of having a face carrying a multiplicity of conductive pins it has a face area that is substantially transparent to electron flow, thus permitting the electrical charges in the cathode-ray beam to flow directly through the face of thetube and impinge on the insulating surface of .support layer 56.
  • This electron transparent face :area 58 is known to the art as a Lenard window.
  • An example of a Lenard window tube is given in U.S. Patent 2,200,741.
  • the conductive layer 52 is connected to a common reference potential with the operational circuits of cathode-ray tube 57 so as to attract the electrical charges deposited by the electron beam.
  • Heating element ⁇ 60 of any conventional type for supplying heat is positioned adjacent to the sandwich structure to supply the necessary heat permitting deformation of deformable layers 53 and 55. This heating may be simultaneous with the formation of the latent electrostatic image from cathode-ray tube 57, or it may be in a later step.
  • FIGURE 9 illustrates an embodiment using a sandwich structure essentially identical to that of FIGURE 8, but using a different form of cathode-ray tube.
  • pin tube ⁇ 62 essentially similar to that used in FIGURE 7, is modi-tied by use of a character forming screen 61 in the nature of that commonly found in charactron tubes. See U .S. Patent 2,777,745 for examples of charactron tubes.
  • This screen 61 is a plate containing minute shaped holes in the configuration of alphabetical letters and the like.
  • Control circuits for supplying the intelligence to be reproduced are so designed as to position the electron beam in coincidence with the desired characters to be reproduced in ya sequence determined by the signals carrying the intelligence.
  • the electron beam shaped in the form of a given character, coincides with a series of pins v63 according to the pattern of the character and prints the latent electrostatic image on the insulating support layer character by character rather than by painting it von in a continuously sweeping motion as is the case for FIGURE 8.
  • FIGURE l0 An exempl-ary embodiment of such a utilization is illustrated in FIGURE l0.
  • the apparatus of FIGURE 10 uses separable deformable layers so that only the insulating support layer Vand the insulating deformable layer need be transparent.
  • the apparatus comprises a conductive drum 70 rotated by a motor 71 with slip-clutch operated drive to supply reel 72 and take-up reel 73.
  • a bath station 75 Positioned around the drum in the direction of rotation is a bath station 75 for applying a -coating of conductive liquid 74 to the drum surface, a latent electrostatic image-forming station 76 depicted las a pin tube and a developing station 77 for heat development of the deformation image.
  • an erasure station 78 comprising a high intensity heat source 80 and a black plate 81 for absorbing and concentrating infrared energy in the form of heat.
  • an optical readout station comprising a light source 82, a collimating lens 83, annular ring grating 84, a .focusing lens for focusing the image of grating 84 at second annular grating 86 and a projection lens 87 for focusing the deformation image on an image receiving member 88.
  • an imaging web of insulating transparent support layer 90 coated with deformable insulating layer 91 is placed in supply reel 72, passed in between high intensity heat source 80 and black plate 81 of erasing station 7 S around a portion of drum 70 with the deformable layer adjacent to the dr-um surface and on through the Schlieren projection system to take-up reel 73.
  • the imaging web With drum 70 revolving, the imaging web is drawn through erasure station 78 which heats the web causing erasure of any residual deformation image thereon.
  • the web then comes in contact with the conductive liquid placed on the surface of drum 70 by bath station 75. As it passes under latent electrostatic image-forming station 76, a latent electrostatic image is recorded on the surface of layer 90.
  • the motion of the web past the image-forming station may be compensated for by the proper control circuitry operating the cathode-ray tube as disclosed by way of eX- ample in U.S. Patent 2,736,770.
  • This provides for a displacement of the cathode-ray sweep in the direction of and synchronized with the movement of the web.
  • a pin m-atrix for the pin tube would have to have adequate vertical width to cover this sweep displacement.
  • the web is oarried past development station 77 where heat softens deformable layer 91 so that the induction effects of the latent electrostatic image produces a deformation in accordance with the image at the interface of the conductive liquid coating and deformable layer 91.
  • the image-forming web passes on around drum 70, it cools again freezing the deformation image before separating from the surface of the drum.
  • the deformable Web passes through the Schlieren projection system and onto take-up reel 73.
  • the deformation image may be readout of the web by the Schlieren projection system 3S it passes on to take-up reel 73 or optionally it may be readout at a later time in a separate projection system.
  • the conductive liquid coating is cleaned and restored to uniformity.
  • a portion of the conductive liquid tends to remain on the deformable surface of the image-forming web.
  • this remaining portion of liquid serves a further useful purpose Iin acting as a cleanable coating over the deformable surface of the web so that foreign material such as dust and lint does not become permanently embedded in the web.
  • a Wiper blade 92 positioned just before contact of the web with drum 70 'as it is drawn from supply reel .'72, removes the residual conductive liquid along with stray foreign material that would otherwise be detrimental in the reuse of the web.
  • a method of deformation recording by induction comprising:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Using Other Than Carlson'S Method (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
US281181A 1963-05-17 1963-05-17 Xerographic induction recording Expired - Lifetime US3321308A (en)

Priority Applications (15)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US281181A US3321308A (en) 1963-05-17 1963-05-17 Xerographic induction recording
US281233A US3317316A (en) 1963-05-17 1963-05-17 Internal frost recording
FR973036A FR1393821A (fr) 1963-05-17 1964-04-30 Procédé d'enregistrement xérographique par induction
SE5614/64A SE319083B (forum.php) 1963-05-17 1964-05-06
GB19657/64A GB1049903A (en) 1963-05-17 1964-05-12 Deformation recording using electrostatic images
GB19656/64A GB1069741A (en) 1963-05-17 1964-05-12 Internal frost recording
NL6405291A NL6405291A (forum.php) 1963-05-17 1964-05-13
DE1437260A DE1437260C3 (de) 1963-05-17 1964-05-13 Vorrichtung zur Aufzeichnung von Informationen
BE648043A BE648043A (forum.php) 1963-05-17 1964-05-15
FR974708A FR1399017A (fr) 1963-05-17 1964-05-15 élément de formation d'image intérieurement déformable et appareil permettant del'utiliser
LU46101D LU46101A1 (forum.php) 1963-05-17 1964-05-16
NO153291A NO122729B (forum.php) 1963-05-17 1964-05-16
CH647764A CH469292A (de) 1963-05-17 1964-05-19 Mehrschichtiger Bildträger zur Aufnahme eines Mattbildmusters und Verwendung des Bildträgers
US616678A US3526879A (en) 1963-05-17 1967-02-16 Internal frost recording apparatus using a deformable photoconductor
NL7108246A NL7108246A (forum.php) 1963-05-17 1971-06-16

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US281181A US3321308A (en) 1963-05-17 1963-05-17 Xerographic induction recording
US281233A US3317316A (en) 1963-05-17 1963-05-17 Internal frost recording
US61667867A 1967-02-16 1967-02-16

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US3321308A true US3321308A (en) 1967-05-23

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US281181A Expired - Lifetime US3321308A (en) 1963-05-17 1963-05-17 Xerographic induction recording
US281233A Expired - Lifetime US3317316A (en) 1963-05-17 1963-05-17 Internal frost recording
US616678A Expired - Lifetime US3526879A (en) 1963-05-17 1967-02-16 Internal frost recording apparatus using a deformable photoconductor

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US281233A Expired - Lifetime US3317316A (en) 1963-05-17 1963-05-17 Internal frost recording
US616678A Expired - Lifetime US3526879A (en) 1963-05-17 1967-02-16 Internal frost recording apparatus using a deformable photoconductor

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US (3) US3321308A (forum.php)
BE (1) BE648043A (forum.php)
CH (1) CH469292A (forum.php)
DE (1) DE1437260C3 (forum.php)
FR (2) FR1393821A (forum.php)
GB (2) GB1049903A (forum.php)
LU (1) LU46101A1 (forum.php)
NL (2) NL6405291A (forum.php)
NO (1) NO122729B (forum.php)
SE (1) SE319083B (forum.php)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3809473A (en) * 1971-12-24 1974-05-07 Kalle Ag Method of reproducing a relief image

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3443938A (en) * 1964-05-18 1969-05-13 Xerox Corp Frost imaging employing a deformable electrode
US3619054A (en) * 1966-08-09 1971-11-09 Xerox Corp Oil film imaging apparatus
US3550155A (en) * 1968-01-18 1970-12-22 Itt Printer using a solid state semiconductor material as a switch
US3761951A (en) * 1968-02-25 1973-09-25 Canon Kk Electrostatic image forming apparatus
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Also Published As

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US3317316A (en) 1967-05-02
US3526879A (en) 1970-09-01
FR1393821A (fr) 1965-03-26
GB1049903A (en) 1966-11-30
SE319083B (forum.php) 1969-12-22
BE648043A (forum.php) 1964-08-31
GB1069741A (en) 1967-05-24
CH469292A (de) 1969-02-28
NO122729B (forum.php) 1971-08-02
NL7108246A (forum.php) 1971-09-27
DE1437260B2 (de) 1974-01-31
LU46101A1 (forum.php) 1972-01-01
NL6405291A (forum.php) 1964-11-18
DE1437260C3 (de) 1974-08-22
DE1437260A1 (de) 1968-10-10
FR1399017A (fr) 1965-05-14

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