US3315950A - Heating chamber walls, particularly the backwalls of furnaces, such as siemens-martin furnaces - Google Patents

Heating chamber walls, particularly the backwalls of furnaces, such as siemens-martin furnaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3315950A
US3315950A US396098A US39609864A US3315950A US 3315950 A US3315950 A US 3315950A US 396098 A US396098 A US 396098A US 39609864 A US39609864 A US 39609864A US 3315950 A US3315950 A US 3315950A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wall
bricks
beams
heating chamber
furnaces
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Expired - Lifetime
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US396098A
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English (en)
Inventor
Potocnik Kurt
Simon Gunter
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Didier Werke AG
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Didier Werke AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
    • F27B3/16—Walls; Roofs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F23M5/085—Cooling thereof; Tube walls using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/24—Cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
    • F27D1/004—Linings or walls comprising means for securing bricks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/02—Crowns; Roofs
    • F27D1/025—Roofs supported around their periphery, e.g. arched roofs
    • F27D1/027—Skew backs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D2001/0059—Construction elements of a furnace
    • F27D2001/0069—Means to prevent heat conduction
    • F27D2001/0073—Surrounding protection around the furnace, e.g. covers, circulation of gas

Definitions

  • the invention has for an object the construction of heating chamber walls, particularly the backwalls of industrial furnaces, for example, Siemens-Martin furnaces, consisting of an outer wall of massively lined beams and of an inner wall bordering the heating chamber spaced from the outer wall and composed of tire bricks and a framework of spaced vertical columns and horizontal beams attached to such vertical columns for holding the bricks, as well as cooling means for the inner wall face averted from the heating chamber.
  • industrial furnaces for example, Siemens-Martin furnaces, consisting of an outer wall of massively lined beams and of an inner wall bordering the heating chamber spaced from the outer wall and composed of tire bricks and a framework of spaced vertical columns and horizontal beams attached to such vertical columns for holding the bricks, as well as cooling means for the inner wall face averted from the heating chamber.
  • hangers on the one h-and engage in a suitable recess in the brick and are therefor provided with a particularly shaped supporting en-d, and they are in turn suspended on the horizontal beams and consequently fittingly developed at that en-d.
  • One major requirement is to provide a firm armor of suflicient security against a possible piercing through the backwall by the charging crane.
  • the suspension of the bricks of ythe Wear lining wall must be ⁇ such that when hollowing out of the lower supporting backwall portions occurs, the upper bricks or rwall portions, due to wear, may not move down or fall into t-he heating chamber, but may remain in their position.
  • the over-all wall construction should be of such nature as to provide for good cooling of the wear lining wal-l face averted from the heating chamber, and assembling of the wall should be as simple as possible. Low consumption of the brick material and lowest possible expenditure on the armor should be attained. These requirements cannot be fulfilled with the previously known and usually light constructions of heating chamber walls.
  • the object of the instant invention is to simplify and facilitate the lining of heating chamber walls, especially heating chamber double walls, as well as the relining of worn walls of already existing furnaces in such manner as to achieve saving of material and time, thus reducing the expense and resulting further that furnaces equipped with heating chamber walls constructed in this manner or furnaces relined in the inventive manner may be placed in operation much faster than is possible with previous constructions.
  • the invention in contrast to what was known in the prior art, provides that horizontal beams are -arranged so as to be vertically movable on the vertical wall columns, and meanwhile bridging the space between two adjacent wall columns, said horizontal beams in each instance simultaneously holding the bricks of two consecutive brick rows.
  • An object of the invention therefor is to realize in a simple and time-saving manner the erection of particularly heat-resistant heating chamber walls, especially backwalls of Siemens-Martin furnaces, -or the relining of worn walls of such furnaces, ⁇ and offers la varie-ty of advantages ove-r the prior art constructions.
  • a simplified and faster erection is achieved due to the fact that special suspension element-s for the bricks may be completely precluded.
  • the bricks which form the inner walls, ⁇ are held direct-ly by the beams in such manner as to combine always two consecutive brick rows in a single group held by a beam, a higher security is achieved against a possible piercing of the wall by the charging crane, i.e., the beams are flexibly susceptible to such impacts and transfer the pressure over the wall columns onto the outer wall.
  • the faster erection of the lining of such walls is obtained in that separate suspension of the bricks by special iron hangers may be completely avoided.
  • this brick row is now secured. Since the profile of the beams by mutual adaptation of theirL dimensions to that of the recesses in the bricks project 'these recesses'outwardly by half of the profile thickness, this projecting portion of the beams serves as a setting for the bricks of the next following brick row which may now be laid on the preceding brick row withits recesses in the downward direction.
  • the beams are sutiiciently enclosed ⁇ by the recesses of the two brick rows and hold the bricks combined into a single group, in their position. applied to the subsequent brick rows, and the heating chamber wall which forms the wear lining layer is prog-ressively built in the bottom-totop direction.
  • the faces of the bricks which are averted from the heat-I ing chamber form a smooth wall.
  • This is advantageous for the air cooling utilized, for instance through chimney
  • the same procedure may be draft effect, since in this manner the cooling air flowing between the outer and inner walls on its way does not come into contact with substantial resistances formed by the suspension links so that an efficient air circulation is achieved.
  • the preclusion of suspension links furthermore prevents the possibility of the depositing of dust accumulations behind the bricks to be cooled, which would cause a reduction of the cooling effect; eicient cooling of the bricks may increase their durability essentially.
  • the bricks In order to raise the thermal transfer from the bricks into the cooling medium, it may be advantageous to provide the bricks at their front faces which are averted from the heating chamber with a profiling which increases the cooling effect. This may be accomplished, for instance, by the employment of ribs or the like.
  • the operative cooling surface is in this manner substantially enlarged and the cooling effect and consequently the durability of the bricks, increased.
  • FIGURE 1 is a partial vertical cross-sectional view of a heating chamber wall.
  • FIGURE 2 is a partial plan view thereof.
  • FIGURE 3 is a horizontal cross-section enlarged of a detail.
  • FIGURE 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view upon an enlarged scale illustrating the anchoring of the fire bricks
  • FIGURE 5 is a diagrammatic view showing one form of air cooling.
  • the heating chamber wall consists of an outer wall 1, composed of beams 2 or the like and a massive lining 3, e.g., according to the drawing, of channel sections.
  • the inner wall 4 is located in front of and spaced from the outer wall 1.
  • This inner wall consists of vertical wall columns 5 arranged at a distance from each other.
  • the wall columns 5 may be composed of, for instance, I-sections or of U-sections combined so as to form I-sections, respectively, or the wall columns 5 may be of box-type assembly.
  • Horizontal beams 6 are fixed to these vertical Wall columns S so as to be vertically movable therein and bridging the area between two adjacent wall columns 5.
  • the beams 6 consist of a prole iron, such as a at iron bar. These beams 6 are provided on one side at their free ends with hooks 7 which at the applying of beams 6 horizontally to immediately adjacent wall columns 5 engage with clearance behind the latters immediately adjacent flange portions 8 or in the case of a possible construction of the wall columns 5 such as a box-type assembly, engage behind the profile ledges to be attached to their side walls.
  • the beams 6 serve as supports for the bricks 10 of the inner wall 4, i.e., of the bricks exposed to the heating chamber 9.
  • the bricks 10 at their ends averted from the heating chamber 9 are provided with recesses 11 the depth of which corresponds to about half the height of the profile of the beams 6 so that in each instance two bricks with their recesses 11 directed to each other fully enclose the beam profile between them.
  • the formation of the recesses of the bricks 10 may be of varying character.
  • a groove may be provided near to its one front face proceeding oblique to the longitudinal axis of the brick and piercing through the side surface of the brick, or, as illustrated in the example, a front face edge may be removed stepwise and be covered partially by a sheet 12 which is rmly connected to the brick and ts precisely over the face of the brick, extending in such a manner that the sheet 12 as placed upon the brick overlaps the beam 6.
  • the erection of the inner wall 4 forming the wear lining layer of the heating chamber 9 is effected in such a manner that subsequent to the laying of a row of bricks so that the recesses 11 of the bricks 10 are in the upper direction, the beams 6 are horizontally applied to the wall columns 5 and are lowered to the recesses 11 which form a kind of continuous groove or channel. Then a further brick row is installed in such manner that the recesses 11 of the bricks 10 are downwards and consequently enclose the beams 6 through the recesses 11 of the bricks 10 of the consecutive brick rows and the two brick rows combined into a single group are simultaneously held in their position by the beams 6. This foregoing described procedure is continued until the lining is completed and the wall thus formed.
  • the wall construction as shown, of the wear lining layer of the inner wall 4 embodies the forming of a smooth wall by the front faces of the bricks -10 ⁇ which are averted from the heating chamber. In this manner an unimpeded circulation of the cooling air for the cooling of the bricks 10 of the wear lining layer is achieved.
  • Suitable openings 15 in the upper portion of the outer wall 1 allow the outflow of the heated cooling air.
  • the circulation of the cooling air may for example be given a chimney effect as shown in FIG. URE 1.
  • the ahsorption of the outer air and circulation of the same is established by injector effect through the area between the outer and the inner walls.
  • the outlet openings 16 above which the nozzles 17 are installed which project into the area between the outer and the inner walls and through which the forced air is blown into this area.
  • An air'l duct 1S extending along the outer wall 1 conducts this air, which is then conveyed by a fan (not shown) to the nozzles 17.v
  • devices may be employed facilitating the availability of the outflowing thermal air for the operation of the furnace, for example as combustion air.
  • Heating chamber walls particularly for the backwalls of industrial furnaces, such as Siemens-Martin furnaces, comprising an outer wall of massively lined beams, an inner wall bordering the heating chamber spaced fromsaid outer wall, a framework for said inner wall comprising spaced vertical wall columns, a plurality of horizontal beams, said beams bridging the area between two adjacent wall columns, means slidingly mounting said beams for vertical movement on said columns, rows of re bricks, each brick having a recess into which a horizontal beam extends in order to support a row of said re bricks, cooling means for said inner wall between said outer and inner wall, said horizontal beams each supporting two adjacent rows of bricks whereby each beam may simultaneously hold and vertically move the bricks of two consecutive brick rows.
  • Heating chamber walls as set forth in claim 1 wherein said vertical wall columns are provided with projecting flanges and said horizontal beams are provided with hooks so that when said horizontal beams are suspended on two adjacent wall columns said hooks engage behind said anges.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
US396098A 1963-09-24 1964-09-14 Heating chamber walls, particularly the backwalls of furnaces, such as siemens-martin furnaces Expired - Lifetime US3315950A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED0042550 1963-09-24

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US (1) US3315950A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT266187B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE652300A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1433509A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1063018A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3378247A (en) * 1964-09-16 1968-04-16 Bethlehem Steel Corp Division wall for soaking pits
US3489401A (en) * 1968-06-10 1970-01-13 Dresser Ind Glass tank structure
US3789780A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-02-05 L Longenecker Suspended roof and end wall construction for reverberatory furnace
US3805466A (en) * 1971-05-03 1974-04-23 Koninklijke Hoogovens En Staal Metallurgical shaft furnace lined by refractory elements and filler spacers
US4003696A (en) * 1974-07-12 1977-01-18 Aldo Rolla Flat self-supporting vault for tunnel type furnaces particularly for baking bricks and tiles
US4155703A (en) * 1976-02-25 1979-05-22 Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximillianshutte mbH. Lining truncated cone walls by means of refractory bricks
US4199652A (en) * 1979-02-09 1980-04-22 Longenecker Levi S Air cooled electric arc furnace
DE3228705A1 (de) * 1982-07-31 1984-02-02 Texaco Development Corp., 10650 White Plains, N.Y. Hochtemperaturofen
US4637823A (en) * 1981-06-19 1987-01-20 Texaco Inc. High temperature furnace
US5254001A (en) * 1992-01-08 1993-10-19 Dyko Industriekeramik Gmbh Hot replaceable tuckstones for industrial furnaces
US5277580A (en) * 1993-02-16 1994-01-11 Lea-Con, Inc. Wall construction system for refractory furnaces
US5361557A (en) * 1993-05-28 1994-11-08 Indresco Inc. Offsetting interlocking tie-back assembly
US5862641A (en) * 1996-01-06 1999-01-26 Lea-Con, Inc. Kiln anchor
US20100252018A1 (en) * 2007-12-11 2010-10-07 Johannes Imle Wall lining of industrial ovens
US20110250366A1 (en) * 2010-04-12 2011-10-13 Memc Electronic Materials, S.P.A. Bell jar for siemens reactor including thermal radiation shield
US9863707B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2018-01-09 Hatch Ltd. Furnace with refractory bricks that define cooling channels for gaseous media

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2924860C2 (de) * 1979-06-20 1984-10-31 Fuchs Systemtechnik GmbH, 7601 Willstätt Metallurgischer Ofen, insbesondere Lichtbogenofen
DE3507182A1 (de) * 1985-03-01 1986-09-04 MAN Gutehoffnungshütte GmbH, 4200 Oberhausen Schmelzgefaess, insbesondere lichtbogenofen
DE3927928A1 (de) * 1989-08-24 1991-02-28 Gutehoffnungshuette Man Luftkuehlsystem fuer in einem tragring gelagerte metallurgische gefaesse
DE4318042C1 (de) * 1993-05-29 1994-05-11 Gutehoffnungshuette Man Innenschale für ein metallurgisches Gefäß
DE4431293A1 (de) * 1994-09-02 1996-03-07 Abb Management Ag Ofengefäß für einen Gleichstrom-Lichtbogenofen
DE102009039389A1 (de) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-03 Saint-Gobain Industriekeramik Düsseldorf Gmbh Schutzsystem für eine Ofeninnenwand

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1657453A (en) * 1927-03-21 1928-01-31 Liptak Fire Brick Arch Co Furnace wall
US1751008A (en) * 1927-09-09 1930-03-18 Owens Illinois Glass Co Means for cooling furnace walls
US1789074A (en) * 1925-10-21 1931-01-13 Fuller Lehigh Co Sectional furnace wall
US1870783A (en) * 1928-05-18 1932-08-09 Alcorn Comb Co Furnace wall structure
US1946083A (en) * 1933-05-06 1934-02-06 Findlay Clay Products Company Furnace wall
US2074874A (en) * 1934-10-19 1937-03-23 Henry Vogt Machine Co Boiler and smoke breeching casing
US2144597A (en) * 1935-05-21 1939-01-17 Lummus Co Panel wall construction
AT188737B (de) * 1959-01-09 1957-02-11 Oesterr Amerikan Magnesit Siemens-Martin-Ofen, insbesondere Kippofen
US3045994A (en) * 1960-08-16 1962-07-24 Levi S Longenecker Furnace back wall construction

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1789074A (en) * 1925-10-21 1931-01-13 Fuller Lehigh Co Sectional furnace wall
US1657453A (en) * 1927-03-21 1928-01-31 Liptak Fire Brick Arch Co Furnace wall
US1751008A (en) * 1927-09-09 1930-03-18 Owens Illinois Glass Co Means for cooling furnace walls
US1870783A (en) * 1928-05-18 1932-08-09 Alcorn Comb Co Furnace wall structure
US1946083A (en) * 1933-05-06 1934-02-06 Findlay Clay Products Company Furnace wall
US2074874A (en) * 1934-10-19 1937-03-23 Henry Vogt Machine Co Boiler and smoke breeching casing
US2144597A (en) * 1935-05-21 1939-01-17 Lummus Co Panel wall construction
AT188737B (de) * 1959-01-09 1957-02-11 Oesterr Amerikan Magnesit Siemens-Martin-Ofen, insbesondere Kippofen
US3045994A (en) * 1960-08-16 1962-07-24 Levi S Longenecker Furnace back wall construction

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3378247A (en) * 1964-09-16 1968-04-16 Bethlehem Steel Corp Division wall for soaking pits
US3489401A (en) * 1968-06-10 1970-01-13 Dresser Ind Glass tank structure
US3805466A (en) * 1971-05-03 1974-04-23 Koninklijke Hoogovens En Staal Metallurgical shaft furnace lined by refractory elements and filler spacers
US3789780A (en) * 1972-12-29 1974-02-05 L Longenecker Suspended roof and end wall construction for reverberatory furnace
US4003696A (en) * 1974-07-12 1977-01-18 Aldo Rolla Flat self-supporting vault for tunnel type furnaces particularly for baking bricks and tiles
US4155703A (en) * 1976-02-25 1979-05-22 Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximillianshutte mbH. Lining truncated cone walls by means of refractory bricks
US4199652A (en) * 1979-02-09 1980-04-22 Longenecker Levi S Air cooled electric arc furnace
US4637823A (en) * 1981-06-19 1987-01-20 Texaco Inc. High temperature furnace
DE3228705A1 (de) * 1982-07-31 1984-02-02 Texaco Development Corp., 10650 White Plains, N.Y. Hochtemperaturofen
US5254001A (en) * 1992-01-08 1993-10-19 Dyko Industriekeramik Gmbh Hot replaceable tuckstones for industrial furnaces
US5277580A (en) * 1993-02-16 1994-01-11 Lea-Con, Inc. Wall construction system for refractory furnaces
US5361557A (en) * 1993-05-28 1994-11-08 Indresco Inc. Offsetting interlocking tie-back assembly
US5862641A (en) * 1996-01-06 1999-01-26 Lea-Con, Inc. Kiln anchor
US20100252018A1 (en) * 2007-12-11 2010-10-07 Johannes Imle Wall lining of industrial ovens
US8944042B2 (en) * 2007-12-22 2015-02-03 Jünger + Gräter Gmbh Feuerfestbau Wall lining of industrial ovens
US20110250366A1 (en) * 2010-04-12 2011-10-13 Memc Electronic Materials, S.P.A. Bell jar for siemens reactor including thermal radiation shield
US9863707B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2018-01-09 Hatch Ltd. Furnace with refractory bricks that define cooling channels for gaseous media
DE112012004098B4 (de) 2011-09-29 2019-05-02 Hatch Ltd. Öfen mit hitzebeständigen Ziegeln, welche Kühlkanäle für gasförmige Medien definieren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT266187B (de) 1968-11-11
BE652300A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-12-16
DE1433509A1 (de) 1968-12-19
GB1063018A (en) 1967-03-22
DE1433509B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-04-16

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