US3303530A - Spinnerette - Google Patents

Spinnerette Download PDF

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Publication number
US3303530A
US3303530A US425219A US42521965A US3303530A US 3303530 A US3303530 A US 3303530A US 425219 A US425219 A US 425219A US 42521965 A US42521965 A US 42521965A US 3303530 A US3303530 A US 3303530A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
section
nozzle
capillary
angle
divergent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US425219A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr James Stanley Cobb
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to US425219A priority Critical patent/US3303530A/en
Priority to NL666600028A priority patent/NL148658B/xx
Priority to CH31266A priority patent/CH446602A/de
Priority to BE675022D priority patent/BE675022A/xx
Priority to FR45764A priority patent/FR1463541A/fr
Priority to DE1660567A priority patent/DE1660567B2/de
Priority to GB1665/66A priority patent/GB1096093A/en
Priority to DEP26550U priority patent/DE1935106U/de
Priority to LU50253A priority patent/LU50253A1/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3303530A publication Critical patent/US3303530A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor

Definitions

  • Spinnerettes are used for the extrusion of plastics or polymers, e.g., nylon or polyesters, into filaments.
  • plastics or polymers e.g., nylon or polyesters
  • rate of flow or velocity increases
  • available spinnerettes particularly those used to produce filaments of odd cross section, there are dead spots and/ or excessively high shear sections in each nozzle which have an adverse effect on quality and uniformity of the :spun filaments.
  • Odd-shaped capillaries have been machined through a fiat-bottom counterbore, as disclosed by Lehmicke in US. 2,945,739 and by Cobb in US. 3,017,789. However, this leaves dead spots which permit time-sensitive polymers to degrade. Furthermore, different flow patterns develop as the polymer is forced to change direction abruptly. Both of these factors have an adverse effect on the final filament product.
  • the object of my invention is to provide a nozzle configuration which not only insures a substantial increase in the velocity of material flowing through the nozzle, with a minimum of dead spots and a minimum of excessively high shear sections, but also preforms the material in advance of a terminal, odd-shaped capillary.
  • one or more nozzles are fabricated in a spinneret plate.
  • Each nozzle extends through the plate to an orifice in the form of symmetrically disposed, interconnected slots. It originates in a cylindrical entrance hole and terminates in a capillary section defined by planar walls which are substantially normal to the discharge face and of equal and constant height. From the capillary section, the nozzle extends toward the entrance hole in first and second divergent sections, the latter having an angle of divergence greater than that of the first section.
  • FIGURE 1 is a fragmentary top view of a spinnerette plate, showing one of the nozzles of thep resent inventions;
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on irregular line IIII in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken on irregular line IIIIII in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary bottom view of the spinnerette plate showing the discharge orifice configuration
  • FIGS. 5-10 illustrate other discharge orifice configurations.
  • FIGS. 14 one embodiment of the nozzle is shown at 10 in a spinnerette plate 12 which has a pressure face 14 and a discharge face 16.
  • Plate 12 has one or more nozzles 10 and is dimensioned to withstand high extrusion pressures. Since it would be difficult to form minute capillaries extending from face 14 to face 16 and since the pressure drop across such a capillary would be too high, an entrance hole 18 is provided.
  • Nozzle 10 extends through plate 12 to a discharge orifice 20 in the form of three, interconnected, symmetrically disposed slots 22 (FIG. 4) which interrupt the continuity of face 16. With three slots 22, there are six side walls 23 and three end walls 24 in the terminal or capillary section of nozzle 10 (FIGS. 2 and 3).
  • first divergent section 26 Extending upwardly from the capillary section, there is a first divergent section 26 which has six side walls 28 and three end walls 30, i.e., the same number of fiat, planar walls as the capillary section. Both the side walls 28 and the end walls 30 diverge from the vertical planes of the adjoining side and end walls 23, 24.
  • Angle x (FIG. 3) is the angle of divergence between each end wall 24 and the adjoining end wall 30 of first divergent section 26.
  • Angle y (FIG. 2) is the divergence angle between each side wall 23 and the adjoining side wall 28 of first divergent section 26.
  • nozzle 10 in any plane parallel to discharge face 16 and cutting exclusively through section 26, nozzle 10 has an outline corresponding to that of discharge orifice 20 when angle x equals angle y.
  • the first divergent section 26 is not geometrically identical but is sufliciently similar to preform the polymer so that it will accelerate readily and flow equally through slots 22 of orifice 20.
  • a second divergent section 32 which is a portion of a truncated cone.
  • Angle z is the divergence angle between the conical side wall of section 32 and a line perpendicular to discharge face 16. In all cases, angle 2 is greater than angles x and y.
  • a third section 34 Connecting the second divergent section 32 with the entrance hole 18, there is a third section 34 which has the angle of divergence indicated at w and is also a portion of a truncated cone. Entrance hole 18 is circular.
  • nozzle 10 is referred to herein as convergent, that term is meant to be descriptive of the constant or decreasing diameter in the direction of flow and the absence of fiat-bottom counterbores corresponding to those disclosed by Lehmicke and Cobb.
  • the cross-sectional area of entrance hole 18 is considerably larger than that of discharge orifice 20.
  • entrance hole 18 causes relatively little pressure drop.
  • sections 34, 32, 26 There is some pressure drop in sections 34, 32, 26 but the principal resistance to flow is in the terminal, capillary section defined by vertical walls 23, 24.
  • Fabrication of nozzle 10 is started by drilling entrance hole 18 to the desired depth in a blank of stainless steel or other suitable material. As indicated above, there may be one or more nozzles in each spinnerette plate 12.
  • the drill which is used to remove most of the material from entrance hole 18 does not have the proper tip angle to form the third divergent section 34. That effect is achieved by removing a small amount of material with a shaped drill.
  • the third divergent section 34 can be formed with a punch.
  • a punching step follows, using a shaped punch, which forms the first divergent section 26. This deforms sufficient metal to form a protuberance on the discharge face 16 which is removed by rubbing on abrasive paper or by any other suitable technique.
  • the next step is to form the capillary section of nozzle with a shaped punch. This punching step forms another protuberance.
  • the punch may or may not break through the protuberance. Again, the protuberance is removed by rubbing or a similar technique. The rubbing may leave burrs at the discharge orifice 20 which can be removed by a repetitive process of cleaning out the capillary section with the shaped punch which was used to form it and then rubbing again. By doing this a suflicient number of times, the burr is removed. The face of the spinnerette is then given a high polish to decrease the likelihood of corrosion during spinning.
  • An alternate method for removing burrs from orifice 20 is to place the discharge face 16 on a lapping wheel which has a long nap cloth.
  • the long nap apparently reaches into the capillary and pulls out the burrs.
  • a rounded edge may be formed between walls 23, 24 and discharge face 16.
  • the abrasive used to resharpen the edge produces a finish which is not highly polished. Therefore, a final polishing step is required.
  • spinnerette plate 12 forms part of a pack which is connected to a source of polymer and through which polymer under pressure is supplied to face 14. Because entrance hole 18 has a much larger cross-sectional area than the capillary defined by walls 23, 24, polymer moves therethrough at a relatively low velocity. However, when it comes out of the discharge orifice 20, the polymer is in the form of a relatively high velocity jet. By providing a series of sections which diverge from the capillary to the entrance hole, polymer flows through the convergent nozzle toward orifice 20 without encountering any major change in direction or velocity. This eliminates any localized high-shear spots as well as their adverse effects on the spun product. In addition, there are no dead spots where time-sensitive polymer can hold up and degrade. Since the first divergent section 26 has an outline corresponding to that of discharge orifice 20', the polymer is pre-formed and tends to accelerate uniformly as it reaches the capillary.
  • While a third divergent section 34 is illustrated in connection with the three-armed discharge orifice it is not always essential. For example, in situations where an imaginary circle encompassing the discharge orifice is close to the same size as the entrance hole, the third divergence is not provided. It is provided whenever the encompassing circle is considerably smaller in diameter than the entrance hole. In some situations, additional divergent sections may be required.
  • divergence angles x and y range from 10 to 60 but need not be equal.
  • Angle z ranges from 30 to 60 and angle w from 40 to 70.
  • Angle w can be either smaller or larger than angle 2. It should be noted that these angles are all measured from lines parallel to t e zz e ax.
  • the divergent sections can be comprised of other geometrical surfaces than truncated cones and fiat planes, as long as there are no dead spots and the polymer is directed to the final discharge orifice Without any abrupt change in direction.
  • the spinnerette plate is intended for use in a low pressure pack, it may be thinner t0 such an extent that the nozzle has either a short entrance hole or none at all.
  • Other modifications and adaptations of the convergent nozzle configuration disclosed herein will occur readily to those skilled in the art without departure from the invention which, accordingly, is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
  • a spinnerette plate having at least one convergent nozzle extending therethrough to an orifice in the form of angularly disposed, interconnected slots in the discharge face, said nozzle terminating in a capillary section defined by planar walls substantially normal to the discharge face and extending from said capillary section in first and second adjoining, intersecting, divergent sections, said first divergent section having an angle of divergence less than that of said second section and being defined by uninterrupted planar surfaces each diverging from one of said walls, the latter being of equal height through the periphery of said capillary section.
  • a spinnerette plate having at least one convergent nozzle extending therethrough to an orifice in the form of angularly disposed, interconnected slots in the discharge face, said nozzle originating in a cylindrical entrance hole, terminating in a capillary section defined by planar Walls substantially normal to the discharge face, and
  • first, second and third divergent sections extending from said capillary section in first, second and third divergent sections, said first section having an angle of divergence less than that of the second section and being defined by planar surfaces each diverging from a wall, said walls being uninterrupted and equal in height.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US425219A 1965-01-13 1965-01-13 Spinnerette Expired - Lifetime US3303530A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US425219A US3303530A (en) 1965-01-13 1965-01-13 Spinnerette
NL666600028A NL148658B (nl) 1965-01-13 1966-01-04 Spinplaat.
CH31266A CH446602A (de) 1965-01-13 1966-01-11 Spinndüsenplatte
BE675022D BE675022A (ja) 1965-01-13 1966-01-12
FR45764A FR1463541A (fr) 1965-01-13 1966-01-13 Filière pour matières plastiques à orifice d'extrusion capillaire et non circulaire
DE1660567A DE1660567B2 (de) 1965-01-13 1966-01-13 Spinndüsenplatte
GB1665/66A GB1096093A (en) 1965-01-13 1966-01-13 Spinneret for melt-spinning of artificial fibres
DEP26550U DE1935106U (de) 1965-01-13 1966-01-13 Spinnduesenplatte.
LU50253A LU50253A1 (ja) 1965-01-13 1966-01-13

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US425219A US3303530A (en) 1965-01-13 1965-01-13 Spinnerette

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3303530A true US3303530A (en) 1967-02-14

Family

ID=23685662

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US425219A Expired - Lifetime US3303530A (en) 1965-01-13 1965-01-13 Spinnerette

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3303530A (ja)
BE (1) BE675022A (ja)
CH (1) CH446602A (ja)
DE (2) DE1935106U (ja)
FR (1) FR1463541A (ja)
GB (1) GB1096093A (ja)
LU (1) LU50253A1 (ja)
NL (1) NL148658B (ja)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3405424A (en) * 1966-10-27 1968-10-15 Inventa Ag Device and process for the manufacture of hollow synthetic fibers
US3419936A (en) * 1967-01-31 1969-01-07 Monsanto Co Spinneret for melt spinning filaments
US3438087A (en) * 1965-06-15 1969-04-15 Ici Ltd Spinnerets
US3456292A (en) * 1967-03-30 1969-07-22 Du Pont Spinneret
US3478389A (en) * 1967-10-19 1969-11-18 Monsanto Co Spinneret
US3487142A (en) * 1966-01-03 1969-12-30 Ici Ltd Processes and apparatus for the spinning of synthetic fiber-forming polymers
US3621087A (en) * 1967-07-31 1971-11-16 Toyo Rayon Co Ltd Process for the preparation of acrylic fibers with odd-shaped sections
US3774266A (en) * 1971-06-25 1973-11-27 Speedco Inc Mixing gland for stuffing meat dough
US3868870A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-03-04 Du Pont Spinneret fabrication process
US3973428A (en) * 1975-04-07 1976-08-10 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Uniform land length die
US4008035A (en) * 1973-10-01 1977-02-15 Matcon, Inc. Extrusion die
US5208107A (en) * 1991-05-31 1993-05-04 Basf Corporation Hollow trilobal cross-section filament
EP0656433A1 (en) * 1993-12-02 1995-06-07 Filtration Systems Inc. Nozzle plate for spinning
WO2017212465A1 (en) * 2016-06-09 2017-12-14 Intellisiv Ltd. Method and system for the preparation of polymer fibers

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5154908A (en) * 1985-09-12 1992-10-13 Clemson University Carbon fibers and method for producing same

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE25424C (de) * A. GRASER in Stuttgart, i Christophstrafse 2D Neuerung an Nähnadeln mit ge-I schlitztem Oehr
US1245898A (en) * 1916-07-25 1917-11-06 Revere Rubber Co Die for tire-tubing machines.
US2294894A (en) * 1938-07-09 1942-09-08 Draemann Max Process and apparatus for making sharp-edged thereads, cords, ribbons or bands, profiled stripe, and so forth from plastic masses, artificial and natural dispersions and emulsions
US2742667A (en) * 1951-11-08 1956-04-24 Rhodiaceta Spinnerets
US3001230A (en) * 1959-01-29 1961-09-26 Eltherma A G Spinnerette nozzles
US3006026A (en) * 1957-03-02 1961-10-31 Glanzstoff Ag Spinneret with orifice insert
US3017686A (en) * 1957-08-01 1962-01-23 Du Pont Two component convoluted filaments
US3095607A (en) * 1962-07-10 1963-07-02 Du Pont Spinneret assembly
US3210451A (en) * 1960-12-01 1965-10-05 Celanese Corp Spinnerettes

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE25424C (de) * A. GRASER in Stuttgart, i Christophstrafse 2D Neuerung an Nähnadeln mit ge-I schlitztem Oehr
US1245898A (en) * 1916-07-25 1917-11-06 Revere Rubber Co Die for tire-tubing machines.
US2294894A (en) * 1938-07-09 1942-09-08 Draemann Max Process and apparatus for making sharp-edged thereads, cords, ribbons or bands, profiled stripe, and so forth from plastic masses, artificial and natural dispersions and emulsions
US2742667A (en) * 1951-11-08 1956-04-24 Rhodiaceta Spinnerets
US3006026A (en) * 1957-03-02 1961-10-31 Glanzstoff Ag Spinneret with orifice insert
US3017686A (en) * 1957-08-01 1962-01-23 Du Pont Two component convoluted filaments
US3001230A (en) * 1959-01-29 1961-09-26 Eltherma A G Spinnerette nozzles
US3210451A (en) * 1960-12-01 1965-10-05 Celanese Corp Spinnerettes
US3095607A (en) * 1962-07-10 1963-07-02 Du Pont Spinneret assembly

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3438087A (en) * 1965-06-15 1969-04-15 Ici Ltd Spinnerets
US3487142A (en) * 1966-01-03 1969-12-30 Ici Ltd Processes and apparatus for the spinning of synthetic fiber-forming polymers
US3405424A (en) * 1966-10-27 1968-10-15 Inventa Ag Device and process for the manufacture of hollow synthetic fibers
US3419936A (en) * 1967-01-31 1969-01-07 Monsanto Co Spinneret for melt spinning filaments
US3456292A (en) * 1967-03-30 1969-07-22 Du Pont Spinneret
US3621087A (en) * 1967-07-31 1971-11-16 Toyo Rayon Co Ltd Process for the preparation of acrylic fibers with odd-shaped sections
US3478389A (en) * 1967-10-19 1969-11-18 Monsanto Co Spinneret
US3774266A (en) * 1971-06-25 1973-11-27 Speedco Inc Mixing gland for stuffing meat dough
US4008035A (en) * 1973-10-01 1977-02-15 Matcon, Inc. Extrusion die
US3868870A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-03-04 Du Pont Spinneret fabrication process
US3973428A (en) * 1975-04-07 1976-08-10 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Uniform land length die
US5208107A (en) * 1991-05-31 1993-05-04 Basf Corporation Hollow trilobal cross-section filament
EP0656433A1 (en) * 1993-12-02 1995-06-07 Filtration Systems Inc. Nozzle plate for spinning
WO2017212465A1 (en) * 2016-06-09 2017-12-14 Intellisiv Ltd. Method and system for the preparation of polymer fibers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU50253A1 (ja) 1966-03-14
FR1463541A (fr) 1966-06-03
DE1935106U (de) 1966-03-24
GB1096093A (en) 1967-12-20
DE1660567A1 (de) 1971-05-13
NL148658B (nl) 1976-02-16
NL6600028A (ja) 1966-07-14
BE675022A (ja) 1966-05-03
CH446602A (de) 1967-11-15
DE1660567B2 (de) 1975-08-14

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