US3301641A - Tungsten-ruthenium alloy and powdermetallurgical method of making - Google Patents
Tungsten-ruthenium alloy and powdermetallurgical method of making Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3301641A US3301641A US340511A US34051164A US3301641A US 3301641 A US3301641 A US 3301641A US 340511 A US340511 A US 340511A US 34051164 A US34051164 A US 34051164A US 3301641 A US3301641 A US 3301641A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tungsten
- parts
- ruthenium
- alloy
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000929 Ru alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- FNYLUKDQSKKYHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru].[W] Chemical compound [Ru].[W] FNYLUKDQSKKYHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical class [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N Tritiated water Chemical compound [3H]O[3H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000220010 Rhode Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/20—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
Definitions
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a tungsten base alloy with ruthenium as a constituent thereof.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a tungsten-ruthenium alloy having improved characteristics of high density and proportional limit and wherein the alloy has special pertinence to applications such as gyroscopic fiy-wheels of high angular velocity and radiation shielding. 7
- Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a tungsten-ruthenium alloy having improved characteristics of high tensile strength and hardness whereby the alloy has special pertinence to applications such as long-wearing electrical contacts.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novel alloy comprising, in part, tungsten and ruthenium, which exhibits high ductility and whereby such an alloy may be rolled, headed or swaged without fracture.
- a preferred method for producing this alloy consists in dissolving ruthenium trichloride in warm water until saturation is reached and then adding tungsten powder about 1 micron diameter while stirring constantly and thoroughly. This mixture is dried at 200-300" C. and the residue placed in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace and fired at 800 C. for one hour, thereby reducing the ruthenium compound to metallic ruthenium. To that mixture is added nickel, iron and molybdenum powders 3-5 microns diameter in such proportion that the overall composition by weight is 180 parts tungsten, 12 parts nickel, 3 parts iron, 4 parts molybdenum and one part ruthenium.
- This mixture is ball-milled until complete blending ensues whereupon it is placed in a powder press and molded into'the desired shape at a pressure of 20,000 psi. after which it is sintered in a dry hydrogen atmosphere at 1460 C. for about one hour.
- Table I shows the constituents of this alloy compared to a similar alloy manufactured by the assignee.
- the latter is known by the brand-name Gyromet 1100 and has achieved wide usage.
- Table II lists a comparison of the mechanical properties of the aforementioned alloys from which it can be 3,301,641 Patented Jan. 31, 1967 ice noted that the subject alloy has a 50% greater proportional limit and 5 times the elongation of Gyromet 1100. Unquestionably, these values indicate a major improvement has been made in the form of this novel alloy.
- the ratios of nickel to iron to molybdenum are such that small deviations from these ratios should still result in alloys of comparable properties.
- the invention heretofore described features a novel alloy of approximately tungsten, 6% nickel, 2% molybdenum, 1.5% iron and 0.5% ruthenium with qualities of high proportional limit, high elongation and high density.
- An alloy consisting essentially of 90% tungsten, about 6% nickel, about 2% molybdenum, about 1.5% iron and about 0.5 ruthenium.
- a method of forming a ductile alloy of tungsten containing ruthenium comprising the steps of: preparing a saturated solution of ruthenium trichloride in warm water, adding tungsten powder approximately 1 micron diameter while stirring constantly, drying at 200-300" C., placing residue in a hydrogen furnace at 800 C. for one hour, adding nickel, iron, and molybdenum powders 3-5 microns diameter in such proportions that the mixture comprises 180 parts W, 12 parts Ni, 3 parts Fe, 4 parts Mo and 1 part Ru, ball-milling this mixture until the constituents are completely blended, molding this powder in a powder press at 20,000 psi. and finally sintering the compacts in a hydrogen atmosphere for one hour at 1460" C.
Description
United States Patent 3,301,641 TUNGSTEN-RUTHENIUM ALLOY AND POWDER- METALLURGICALMETHOD OF MAKING Richard H. Krock, West Peabody, Masst, assignor to P. R. Mallory & Co.-, Inc., Indianapolis, Ind., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Jan. 27, 1964, Ser. No. 340,511 2 Claims. (Cl. 29-182) This invention relates to an alloy of tungsten containing ruthenium.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a tungsten-base alloy having improved properties.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a tungsten base alloy with ruthenium as a constituent thereof.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a tungsten-ruthenium alloy having improved characteristics of high density and proportional limit and wherein the alloy has special pertinence to applications such as gyroscopic fiy-wheels of high angular velocity and radiation shielding. 7
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a tungsten-ruthenium alloy having improved characteristics of high tensile strength and hardness whereby the alloy has special pertinence to applications such as long-wearing electrical contacts.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a novel alloy comprising, in part, tungsten and ruthenium, which exhibits high ductility and whereby such an alloy may be rolled, headed or swaged without fracture.
Other objects of the present invention and the nature thereof will become apparent from the following description and claims.
In contrast to most tungsten alloys which are characterized by brittleness, this alloy is quite ductile and may be worked easily.
It has been found that an alloy of tungsten containing ruthenium to approximately 0.5% exhibits great improvement as hereinafter described.
A preferred method for producing this alloy consists in dissolving ruthenium trichloride in warm water until saturation is reached and then adding tungsten powder about 1 micron diameter while stirring constantly and thoroughly. This mixture is dried at 200-300" C. and the residue placed in a hydrogen atmosphere furnace and fired at 800 C. for one hour, thereby reducing the ruthenium compound to metallic ruthenium. To that mixture is added nickel, iron and molybdenum powders 3-5 microns diameter in such proportion that the overall composition by weight is 180 parts tungsten, 12 parts nickel, 3 parts iron, 4 parts molybdenum and one part ruthenium. This mixture is ball-milled until complete blending ensues whereupon it is placed in a powder press and molded into'the desired shape at a pressure of 20,000 psi. after which it is sintered in a dry hydrogen atmosphere at 1460 C. for about one hour.
Table I shows the constituents of this alloy compared to a similar alloy manufactured by the assignee. The latter is known by the brand-name Gyromet 1100 and has achieved wide usage.
Table II lists a comparison of the mechanical properties of the aforementioned alloys from which it can be 3,301,641 Patented Jan. 31, 1967 ice noted that the subject alloy has a 50% greater proportional limit and 5 times the elongation of Gyromet 1100. Unquestionably, these values indicate a major improvement has been made in the form of this novel alloy.
The ratios of nickel to iron to molybdenum are such that small deviations from these ratios should still result in alloys of comparable properties.
The invention heretofore described features a novel alloy of approximately tungsten, 6% nickel, 2% molybdenum, 1.5% iron and 0.5% ruthenium with qualities of high proportional limit, high elongation and high density.
Having described this invention completely, the following claims are made:
1. An alloy consisting essentially of 90% tungsten, about 6% nickel, about 2% molybdenum, about 1.5% iron and about 0.5 ruthenium.
2. A method of forming a ductile alloy of tungsten containing ruthenium comprising the steps of: preparing a saturated solution of ruthenium trichloride in warm water, adding tungsten powder approximately 1 micron diameter while stirring constantly, drying at 200-300" C., placing residue in a hydrogen furnace at 800 C. for one hour, adding nickel, iron, and molybdenum powders 3-5 microns diameter in such proportions that the mixture comprises 180 parts W, 12 parts Ni, 3 parts Fe, 4 parts Mo and 1 part Ru, ball-milling this mixture until the constituents are completely blended, molding this powder in a powder press at 20,000 psi. and finally sintering the compacts in a hydrogen atmosphere for one hour at 1460" C.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,072,368 3/1937 Jedele 75-176 2,072,676 3/1937 Jedele 75176 2,074,474 3/1937 Jedele 75176 2,157,935 5/1939 Hensel et al. 75-176 2,466,992 4/ 1949 Kurtz 29-182 2,467,675 4/1949 Kurtz et al. 29182 3,051,566 8/1962 Schwartz 75213 FOREIGN PATENTS 760,113 10/ 1956 Great Britain.
References Cited by the Applicant UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,094,570 9/ 1937 Eses et al. 2,300,286 10/ 1942 Gwyn et al. 2,358,326 9/1944 Hensel et al. 2,470,034 5 1949 Hensel et al. 2,476,222 7/ 1949 Rhodes. 2,491,866 12/ 1949 Kurtz et al. 2,600,995 6/ 1952 Kurtz. 2,620,555 12/1952 Lenz.
2,843,921 7/1958 Choh-Yi Ang. 2,948,766 8/ 1960 Schneider et al.
CARL D. QUARFORTH, Primary Examiner.
L. DEWAYNE RUTLEDGE, Examiner.
R. L. GRUDZIECKI, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (2)
1. AN ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF 90% TUNGSTEN, ABOUT 6% NICKEL, ABOUT 2% MOLYBDENUM, ABOUT 1.5% IRON AND ABOUT 0.5% RUTHENIUM.
2. A METHOD OF FORMING A DUCTILE ALLOY OF TUNGSTEN CONTAINING RUTHENIUM COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: PREPARING A SATURATED SOLUTION OF RUTHENIUM TRICHLORIDE IN WARM WATER, ADDING TUNGSTEN POWDER APPROXIMATEL 1 MICRON DIAMETER WHILE STIRRING CONSTANTLY, DRYING AT 200-300* C., PLACING RESIDUE IN A HYDROGEN FURNACE AT 800*C. FOR ONE HOUR, ADDING NICKEL, IRON, AND MOLYBDENUM POWDERS 3-5 MICRONS DIAMETER IN SUCH PROPORTIONS THAT THE MIXTURE COMPRISES 180 PARTS W, 12 PARTS NI, 3 PARTS FE, 4 PARTS MO AND 1 PART RU, BALL-MILLING THIS MIXTURE UNTIL THE CONSTITUENTS ARE COMPLETELY BLENDED, MOLDING THIS POWDER IN A POWDER PRESS AT 20,000 P.S.I. AND FINALLY SINTERING THE COMPACTS IN A HYDROGEN ATMOSPHERE FOR ONE HOUR AT 1460*C.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US340511A US3301641A (en) | 1964-01-27 | 1964-01-27 | Tungsten-ruthenium alloy and powdermetallurgical method of making |
| GB3574/65A GB1090561A (en) | 1964-01-27 | 1965-01-27 | Improvements in and relating to tungsten-base alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US340511A US3301641A (en) | 1964-01-27 | 1964-01-27 | Tungsten-ruthenium alloy and powdermetallurgical method of making |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3301641A true US3301641A (en) | 1967-01-31 |
Family
ID=23333690
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US340511A Expired - Lifetime US3301641A (en) | 1964-01-27 | 1964-01-27 | Tungsten-ruthenium alloy and powdermetallurgical method of making |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3301641A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1090561A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3498763A (en) * | 1968-03-25 | 1970-03-03 | Int Nickel Co | Workable duplex structured ruthenium alloys |
| US3957451A (en) * | 1974-08-02 | 1976-05-18 | General Motors Corporation | Ruthenium powder metal alloy |
| US3977841A (en) * | 1974-08-02 | 1976-08-31 | General Motors Corporation | Ruthenium powder metal alloy and method for making same |
| EP0323628A1 (en) * | 1988-01-04 | 1989-07-12 | GTE Products Corporation | Fine grain tungsten heavy alloys containing additives |
Citations (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2072676A (en) * | 1935-01-02 | 1937-03-02 | W C Heracus Gmbh | Tungsten-base alloy |
| US2072368A (en) * | 1932-06-16 | 1937-03-02 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Tungsten-base alloy for points of gold nibs |
| US2074474A (en) * | 1935-01-02 | 1937-03-23 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Tungsten base alloy for points of gold nibs |
| US2094570A (en) * | 1936-07-01 | 1937-09-28 | Western Union Telegraph Co | Electric contact |
| US2157935A (en) * | 1938-12-16 | 1939-05-09 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Refractory metal compositions |
| US2300286A (en) * | 1941-05-08 | 1942-10-27 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Electrical contact |
| US2358326A (en) * | 1942-12-31 | 1944-09-19 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Metal composition |
| US2466992A (en) * | 1945-08-30 | 1949-04-12 | Kurtz Jacob | Tungsten nickel alloy of high density |
| US2467675A (en) * | 1942-09-30 | 1949-04-19 | Callite Tungsten Corp | Alloy of high density |
| US2470034A (en) * | 1945-11-27 | 1949-05-10 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electric contact formed of a ruthenium composition |
| US2476222A (en) * | 1944-03-10 | 1949-07-12 | Int Nickel Co | Production of powdered metal mixtures for sintering |
| US2491866A (en) * | 1942-09-30 | 1949-12-20 | Callite Tungsten Corp | Alloy of high density |
| US2600995A (en) * | 1945-10-30 | 1952-06-17 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Tungsten alloy |
| US2620555A (en) * | 1945-05-05 | 1952-12-09 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Contact alloys |
| GB760113A (en) * | 1953-06-19 | 1956-10-31 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to dense alloys |
| US2843921A (en) * | 1956-06-26 | 1958-07-22 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | High-strength high-density tungsten base alloys |
| US2948766A (en) * | 1955-04-30 | 1960-08-09 | Degussa | Tungsten/rhenium thermocouples |
| US3051566A (en) * | 1959-01-20 | 1962-08-28 | Gen Electric | Process for producing high density refractory bodies |
-
1964
- 1964-01-27 US US340511A patent/US3301641A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1965
- 1965-01-27 GB GB3574/65A patent/GB1090561A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2072368A (en) * | 1932-06-16 | 1937-03-02 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Tungsten-base alloy for points of gold nibs |
| US2072676A (en) * | 1935-01-02 | 1937-03-02 | W C Heracus Gmbh | Tungsten-base alloy |
| US2074474A (en) * | 1935-01-02 | 1937-03-23 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Tungsten base alloy for points of gold nibs |
| US2094570A (en) * | 1936-07-01 | 1937-09-28 | Western Union Telegraph Co | Electric contact |
| US2157935A (en) * | 1938-12-16 | 1939-05-09 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Refractory metal compositions |
| US2300286A (en) * | 1941-05-08 | 1942-10-27 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Electrical contact |
| US2467675A (en) * | 1942-09-30 | 1949-04-19 | Callite Tungsten Corp | Alloy of high density |
| US2491866A (en) * | 1942-09-30 | 1949-12-20 | Callite Tungsten Corp | Alloy of high density |
| US2358326A (en) * | 1942-12-31 | 1944-09-19 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Metal composition |
| US2476222A (en) * | 1944-03-10 | 1949-07-12 | Int Nickel Co | Production of powdered metal mixtures for sintering |
| US2620555A (en) * | 1945-05-05 | 1952-12-09 | Fansteel Metallurgical Corp | Contact alloys |
| US2466992A (en) * | 1945-08-30 | 1949-04-12 | Kurtz Jacob | Tungsten nickel alloy of high density |
| US2600995A (en) * | 1945-10-30 | 1952-06-17 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Tungsten alloy |
| US2470034A (en) * | 1945-11-27 | 1949-05-10 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electric contact formed of a ruthenium composition |
| GB760113A (en) * | 1953-06-19 | 1956-10-31 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to dense alloys |
| US2948766A (en) * | 1955-04-30 | 1960-08-09 | Degussa | Tungsten/rhenium thermocouples |
| US2843921A (en) * | 1956-06-26 | 1958-07-22 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | High-strength high-density tungsten base alloys |
| US3051566A (en) * | 1959-01-20 | 1962-08-28 | Gen Electric | Process for producing high density refractory bodies |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3498763A (en) * | 1968-03-25 | 1970-03-03 | Int Nickel Co | Workable duplex structured ruthenium alloys |
| US3957451A (en) * | 1974-08-02 | 1976-05-18 | General Motors Corporation | Ruthenium powder metal alloy |
| US3977841A (en) * | 1974-08-02 | 1976-08-31 | General Motors Corporation | Ruthenium powder metal alloy and method for making same |
| EP0323628A1 (en) * | 1988-01-04 | 1989-07-12 | GTE Products Corporation | Fine grain tungsten heavy alloys containing additives |
| US4885031A (en) * | 1988-01-04 | 1989-12-05 | Gte Products Corporation | Fine grain tungsten heavy alloys containing additives |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1090561A (en) | 1967-11-08 |
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