US3694173A - Ferrous alloys - Google Patents

Ferrous alloys Download PDF

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Publication number
US3694173A
US3694173A US147706A US3694173DA US3694173A US 3694173 A US3694173 A US 3694173A US 147706 A US147706 A US 147706A US 3694173D A US3694173D A US 3694173DA US 3694173 A US3694173 A US 3694173A
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United States
Prior art keywords
alloy
chromium
copper
iron
molybdenum
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Expired - Lifetime
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US147706A
Inventor
Edwin B Farmer
Terence M Cadle
Martyn S Lane
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Federal Mogul Coventry Ltd
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Brico Engineering Ltd
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/1216—Continuous interengaged phases of plural metals, or oriented fiber containing

Definitions

  • a sintered ferrous alloy has the composition chromium 10.5-l%, carbon 0.5-2.5%, molybdenum 0.25-5.0%, copper 3-25%, the remainder being iron except for usual impurities and trace elements.
  • the alloy can also contain up to a total of 5% titanium, vanadium and/ or cobalt.
  • the chromium is introduced in the form of a pre-alloy of 87% iron and 13% chromium
  • the copper can be introduced in the form of a pre-alloy of 90% copper, 5% iron and 5% manganese.
  • the alloy is useful for the production, by powder metallurgy, of valve seat inserts for internal combustion engines.
  • This invention relates to sintered ferrous alloys.
  • a sintered ferrous alloy has the composition chromium 10.5-15%; carbon 0.5-2.5%; molybdenum 0.25-5.0%; copper 3-25%; optionally manganese, titanium, vanadium and/or cobalt in total 0-5%; remainder iron, except for usual impurities and trace elements.
  • the alloy is formed by mixing powders in the required proportions, pressing these to form a compact, and sintering the compact.
  • the alloy has particular application to valve seat inserts for reciprocating internal combustion engines.
  • the percentage of chromium is in the range 1 1.5-13.0.
  • the powders were mixed together for one hour in a double cone rotary mixer.
  • the mixture was then compacted in a press with double-sided pressing action at 40 t.s.i.
  • the compact was then sintered in a cracked ammonia atmosphere (less than -35 C. dew point) at 1100 C. for one hour.
  • the resulting component was heat-treated to attain the required properties by heating for 15 minutes at 1000 C. and quenching into an oil bath, and finally tempering at 600 C. for one hour in air.
  • the resulting component had the following properties:
  • the sintered compact may be heat-treated for 2 /2 hours at 1025 C., cooled to room temperature and then heated to 700 C. for one hour in air.
  • Fe 73%; Cu 13.5%; Cr 10.8%; C 1.7%; Mn 0.8; M0 0.3% is produced by the following method.
  • the compacts were heat-treated by heating for 2%. hours at 1,025 C., cooling to room temperature, and then heating to 700 C. for one hour.
  • the heat-treatments were carried out in a substantially inert atmosphere.
  • Example number 4 5 6 Density, gmJcc 5. 95 6. 5 6.6 Macro-hardness (Rockwell C) 30 24 26 Mierohardness (Victors Pyramid Number, 30 gm. load) 440 380 440 We claim:
  • a sintered ferrous alloy having the composition Percent Chromium 10.5-15 Carbon 0.5-2.5 Molybdenum 0.25-5.0 Copper 3-25 5.
  • a sintered ferrous alloy according to claim 1 containing 10.7% of chromium 2% of carbon 0.4% of molybdenum and 15% of copper.
  • a sintered ferrous alloy according to claim 1 containing 10.8% of chromium 1.7% of carbon 0.3% of molybdenum 13.5% of copper and 0.8% of manganese.
  • a sintered ferrous alloy according to claim 1 containing 15 of chromium 1% of carbon 2% of molybdenum and 6% copper.
  • a sintered ferrous alloy according to claim 1 containing 12% of chromium 1% of carbon 1% of molybdenum 6% of copper.
  • a sintered ferrous alloy according to claim 1 containing 11.5% of chromium 1% of carbon 4% of molybdenum and 6% of copper.
  • a sintered ferrous alloy" a'ccording to claim 4 wherein the iron and chromium have been introduced in the form of a pre-alloy of 87% iron and 13% chromium.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

A SINTERED FERROUS ALLOY HAS THE COMPOSITION CHROMIUM 10.5-15%, CARBON 0.5-2.5%, MOLYBDENUM 0.25-5.0%, COPPER 3-25%, THE REMAINDER BEING IRON EXCEPT FOR USUAL IMPURITIES AND TRACE ELEMENTS. THE ALLOY CAN ALSO CONTAIN UP TO A TOTAL OF 5% TITANIUM, VANADIUM AND/OR COBALT. THE CHROMIUM IS INTRODUCED IN THE FORM OF A PRE-ALLOY OF 87% IRON AND 13% CHROMIUM, AND THE COPPER CAN BE INTRODUCED IN THE FORM OF A PRE-ALLOY OF 90% COPPER, 5% IRON AND 5% MANGANESE. THE ALLOY IS USEFUL FOR THE PRODUCTION, BY POWDER METALLURGY, OF VALVE SEAT INSERTS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Description

United States Patent 3,694,173 FERROUS ALLOYS Edwin B. Farmer, Terence M. Cadle, and Martyn S. Lane,
Coventry, England, assignors to Brico Engineering Limited, Coventry, Warwickshire, England No Drawing. Filed May 27, 1971, Ser. No. 147,706 Claims priority, application Great Britain, May 28, 1970,
25,654/ 70 Int. Cl. B221? 1/00 US. Cl. 29-1821 11 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A sintered ferrous alloy has the composition chromium 10.5-l%, carbon 0.5-2.5%, molybdenum 0.25-5.0%, copper 3-25%, the remainder being iron except for usual impurities and trace elements. The alloy can also contain up to a total of 5% titanium, vanadium and/ or cobalt. The chromium is introduced in the form of a pre-alloy of 87% iron and 13% chromium, and the copper can be introduced in the form of a pre-alloy of 90% copper, 5% iron and 5% manganese. The alloy is useful for the production, by powder metallurgy, of valve seat inserts for internal combustion engines.
This invention relates to sintered ferrous alloys.
According to the invention, a sintered ferrous alloy has the composition chromium 10.5-15%; carbon 0.5-2.5%; molybdenum 0.25-5.0%; copper 3-25%; optionally manganese, titanium, vanadium and/or cobalt in total 0-5%; remainder iron, except for usual impurities and trace elements.
Preferably the alloy is formed by mixing powders in the required proportions, pressing these to form a compact, and sintering the compact.
The alloy has particular application to valve seat inserts for reciprocating internal combustion engines.
Preferably the percentage of chromium is in the range 1 1.5-13.0.
A number of examples of the invention will now be described. All percentages are by weight.
In a first example the following powders were mixed together and sintered to give an alloy of the composition:
Fe 80.6%; Cr 12.0%; Cu 6.0%; C 1.0%; M0 0.4%;
viz:
6% of 300 mesh atomised elemental copper (N3. 300 mesh indicates powder which passes a 300 mesh screen),
0.4% of 300 mesh elemental molybdenum,
1.0% of Bavarian graphite,
92.6% of pre-alloyed 87 iron, 13% chromium alloy (-100 mesh nominally),
plus 0.75% by weight addition of zinc stearate lubricant (which disappears in the sintering process).
The powders were mixed together for one hour in a double cone rotary mixer. The mixture was then compacted in a press with double-sided pressing action at 40 t.s.i. The compact was then sintered in a cracked ammonia atmosphere (less than -35 C. dew point) at 1100 C. for one hour. The resulting component was heat-treated to attain the required properties by heating for 15 minutes at 1000 C. and quenching into an oil bath, and finally tempering at 600 C. for one hour in air. The resulting component had the following properties:
Hardness:
Macro-hardness (Rockwell C): 35-40 3,694,173 Patented Sept. 26, 1972 "ice Micro-hardness (Vickers Pyramid Number, 30 gm.
load): average 550-600 Density: 6.6-6.7 gm./cc. Percentage elongation at fracture: 1% Tensile strength: 15-20 t.s.i. (tons per square inch) Thermal conductivity (room temperature): 0.027 cgs.
units (calories/cm. /cm./sec./ C.) Thermal expansion coefficient (20-500 C.): 11.4 10' per C. Compressive proof stress (0.1% plastic strain): 60 t.s.i. Elasticity number (p.s.i. 10 17-18.
Alternatively, the sintered compact may be heat-treated for 2 /2 hours at 1025 C., cooled to room temperature and then heated to 700 C. for one hour in air.
In a second example the following powders were mixed together and sintered to give an alloy of the composition:
Fe 71.9%; C1 10.7%; Cu 15.0%; C 2.0%; M0 0.4%;
15% of -300 mesh atomised elemental copper,
0.4% of 300 mesh elemental molybdenum,
2.0% of Bavarian graphite,
82.6% of pre-alloyed 87 iron, 13% chromium alloy (100 mesh nominally) plus 0.75% addition of zinc stearate lubricant (which disappears in the sintering process). The powders were processed identically with Example 1.
The resulting properties were:
Hardness:
Macro-hardness (Rockwell C): 30-35 Micro-hardness (Vickers Pyramid Number, 30 gm.
load): 480-520 Density: 6.7-6.8 gm./cc. Percentage elongation at fracture: 1% Tensile strength: 25-35 t.s.i. Thermal conductivity (room temperature): 0.038 cgs.
units Thermal expansion coefiicient (20700 C.): 13.1 10" per C. Compressive proof stress (0.1% plastic strain): 60 t.s.i. Elasticity number (p.s.i. 10 17-18 In a third example, a sintered alloy having the composition:
Fe 73%; Cu 13.5%; Cr 10.8%; C 1.7%; Mn 0.8; M0 0.3% is produced by the following method. The following powders, viz:
0.4% elemental molybdenum 2.0% Bavarian graphite 97.6% pre-alloyed 87 iron, 13% chromium alloy were mixed and processed as Examples 1 and 2 as far as the heat-treatment (hardening) stage. At this point, the material is subjected to an infiltration process. This consists of placing a 90% copper+5% iron+5% manganese prealloyed powder compact (15 by weight of the compact) in contact with the stainless compact and repeating the sintering cycle wherein the copper alloy melts and flows into and alloys with the ferrous skeleton. This process is well known in the industry. The resulting compact is then heat-treated as in Examples 1 and 2. The subsequent properties are:
Hardness:
Macro-hardness (Rockwell C): 30-35 Micro-hardness (Vickers Pyramid Number, 30 gm.
load): 480-520 Density (gm./cc.): 7.3-7.5 Percentage elongation: 1% Tensile strength: 5-60 t.s.i.
3 Thermal conductivity (room temperature): 0.034 cgs.
units Thermal expansion coefficient (20-700 C.): 13.7 10- per C. Compressive proof stress (0.1% plastic strain): 60 t.s.i. Elasticity number (p.s.i. 10 1718 Three further examples were made in the manner described in relation to the first example above, and having the following compositions:
Percent Example number 4 6 Chromium 15 12 11.5 Carbon 1 1 1 Molybdenum. 2 1 4 Copper 6 6 6 Iron Remainder (except for impurities) The green compacts had densities respectively of 6.2, 6.5, and 6.6 gm./cc.
The compacts were heat-treated by heating for 2%. hours at 1,025 C., cooling to room temperature, and then heating to 700 C. for one hour. The heat-treatments were carried out in a substantially inert atmosphere.
The physical properties of the sintered compacts are given by the following table:
Example number 4 5 6 Density, gmJcc 5. 95 6. 5 6.6 Macro-hardness (Rockwell C) 30 24 26 Mierohardness (Victors Pyramid Number, 30 gm. load) 440 380 440 We claim:
1. A sintered ferrous alloy having the composition Percent Chromium 10.5-15 Carbon 0.5-2.5 Molybdenum 0.25-5.0 Copper 3-25 5. A sintered ferrous alloy according to claim 1 containing 10.7% of chromium 2% of carbon 0.4% of molybdenum and 15% of copper.
6. A sintered ferrous alloy according to claim 1 containing 10.8% of chromium 1.7% of carbon 0.3% of molybdenum 13.5% of copper and 0.8% of manganese.
7. A sintered ferrous alloy according to claim 1 containing 15 of chromium 1% of carbon 2% of molybdenum and 6% copper.
8. A sintered ferrous alloy according to claim 1 containing 12% of chromium 1% of carbon 1% of molybdenum 6% of copper.
9. A sintered ferrous alloy according to claim 1 containing 11.5% of chromium 1% of carbon 4% of molybdenum and 6% of copper.
10. A sintered ferrous alloy" a'ccording to claim 4 wherein the iron and chromium have been introduced in the form of a pre-alloy of 87% iron and 13% chromium.
11. A sintered alloy according to claim 6 wherein the chromium has been introduced in the form of a prealloy of 87% iron and 13% chromium and the copper and manganese have been introduced in the form of a prealloy of 90% copper, 5% iron and 5% manganese.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,657,127 lO/l953 Sindeband et a1 29-182.1 2,656,595 10/1953 Stern et a]. 29182.l 3,075,839 l/l963 Oulis et a1. -l26 C 3,619,170 ll/l97l Fisher et a1. 29-182.1
CARL D. QUARFORTH, Primary Examiner B. H. HUNT, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
75126 A, 126 C, 126 E, 126 D, 126 H
US147706A 1970-05-28 1971-05-27 Ferrous alloys Expired - Lifetime US3694173A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3790352A (en) * 1971-06-28 1974-02-05 I Niimi Sintered alloy having wear resistance at high temperature
US4268309A (en) * 1978-06-23 1981-05-19 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Wear-resisting sintered alloy
US4363662A (en) * 1979-05-17 1982-12-14 Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Abrasion resistant ferro-based sintered alloy
US4767456A (en) * 1986-03-04 1988-08-30 Mrc Bearings Incorporated Corrosion and wear resistant metal alloy having high hot hardness and toughness
US6138351A (en) * 1995-03-13 2000-10-31 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Method of making a valve seat
WO2002059388A1 (en) * 2001-01-24 2002-08-01 Federal-Mogul Sintered Products Ltd Sintered ferrous material containing copper
US6436338B1 (en) 1999-06-04 2002-08-20 L. E. Jones Company Iron-based alloy for internal combustion engine valve seat inserts
US6702905B1 (en) 2003-01-29 2004-03-09 L. E. Jones Company Corrosion and wear resistant alloy
FR2849448A1 (en) * 2002-12-25 2004-07-02 Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd IRON SINTERED BODY, LIGHT ALLOY ENVELOPED BODY, AND PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
US20060073064A1 (en) * 2002-10-23 2006-04-06 Yang Yu Method of controlling the dimensional change when sintering an iron-based powder mixture

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1598816A (en) * 1977-07-20 1981-09-23 Brico Eng Powder metallurgy process and product
GB9021767D0 (en) * 1990-10-06 1990-11-21 Brico Eng Sintered materials
CN107520451A (en) * 2017-08-02 2017-12-29 宁波瑞丰汽车零部件有限公司 A kind of shock absorber piston and its preparation technology

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE590213C (en) * 1930-01-22 1933-12-28 Boehler & Co Akt Ges Geb Drawing iron and similar tools
CH275201A (en) * 1948-07-08 1951-05-15 Plansee Metallwerk Alloy sintered steel.

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3790352A (en) * 1971-06-28 1974-02-05 I Niimi Sintered alloy having wear resistance at high temperature
US4268309A (en) * 1978-06-23 1981-05-19 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Wear-resisting sintered alloy
US4363662A (en) * 1979-05-17 1982-12-14 Nippon Piston Ring Co., Ltd. Abrasion resistant ferro-based sintered alloy
US4767456A (en) * 1986-03-04 1988-08-30 Mrc Bearings Incorporated Corrosion and wear resistant metal alloy having high hot hardness and toughness
US6138351A (en) * 1995-03-13 2000-10-31 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Method of making a valve seat
US6436338B1 (en) 1999-06-04 2002-08-20 L. E. Jones Company Iron-based alloy for internal combustion engine valve seat inserts
GB2386908B (en) * 2001-01-24 2004-09-29 Federal Mogul Sintered Prod Sintered ferrous material containing copper
WO2002059388A1 (en) * 2001-01-24 2002-08-01 Federal-Mogul Sintered Products Ltd Sintered ferrous material containing copper
GB2386908A (en) * 2001-01-24 2003-10-01 Federal Mogul Sintered Prod Sintered ferrous material containing copper
CN1314824C (en) * 2001-01-24 2007-05-09 联邦-蒙古尔烧结产品有限公司 Sintered ferrous material containing copper
US20040112173A1 (en) * 2001-01-24 2004-06-17 Paritosh Maulik Sintered ferrous material contaning copper
US20060073064A1 (en) * 2002-10-23 2006-04-06 Yang Yu Method of controlling the dimensional change when sintering an iron-based powder mixture
CN100362125C (en) * 2002-10-23 2008-01-16 霍加纳斯股份有限公司 A method of controlling the dimensional change when sintering an iron-based power mixture
US7329380B2 (en) 2002-10-23 2008-02-12 Höganäs Ab Method of controlling the dimensional change when sintering an iron-based powder mixture
FR2849448A1 (en) * 2002-12-25 2004-07-02 Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd IRON SINTERED BODY, LIGHT ALLOY ENVELOPED BODY, AND PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
US6702905B1 (en) 2003-01-29 2004-03-09 L. E. Jones Company Corrosion and wear resistant alloy

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DE2125534B2 (en) 1981-06-04
FR2093877A5 (en) 1972-01-28
ZA713326B (en) 1972-01-26
DE2125534C3 (en) 1982-02-25
DE2125534A1 (en) 1971-12-09
GB1339132A (en) 1973-11-28
JPS5126881B1 (en) 1976-08-09
ES391619A1 (en) 1973-07-01

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