US3293412A - Electrically heated furnace for molten metal - Google Patents
Electrically heated furnace for molten metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3293412A US3293412A US367386A US36738664A US3293412A US 3293412 A US3293412 A US 3293412A US 367386 A US367386 A US 367386A US 36738664 A US36738664 A US 36738664A US 3293412 A US3293412 A US 3293412A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bath
- molten metal
- sheath
- furnace
- electrically heated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/62—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces
Definitions
- This invention relates to furnaces and provides an electrically heated furnace, of relatively large capacity for its overall size, suitable for melting metal and holding molten metal ready for use, such as in diecasting.
- an electrically heated furnace comprises a thermally insulate-d bath with one or more electrical immersion heaters inserted through a wall of the bath and extending downwardly inclined through a major part of the depth of the bath.
- the bath is of oblong shape in plan and each heater is inserted through one of the longer side walls thereof so as to extend across a substantial part of the width of the bath.
- This arrangement enables the furnace to have substantially the same overall dimensions as a simple insulated bath of the same capacity, there being no external combustion or electrical induction heating apparatus as in existing metal melting and holding furnaces, the top of the furnace is unimpeded, so that it can be utilised efiiciently for charging and removing metal, and the area of heating has a substantial extent both in depth and across the bath.
- the bottom of the bath slopes upwardly to the side closely beneath and at the same angle as the inclined immersion heaters and, as a further feature, the immersion heaters are protected, against impact by metal charged into the bath, by inclined ribs or partitions upstanding from the bottom of the bath and projecting between and slightly above the individual immersion heaters.
- Each immersion heater has a protective tubular sheath which is close-d at its lower end and is supported by its upper, open, end which extends through and is sealed into the side wall of the bath and its thermal insulation.
- the sheath may be made of a suitable refractory material such as silicon carbide or of a suitable ferrous metallic material.
- the heating element of each heater is a resistor of a refractory material, such as silicon carbide, in the form of a tube, or rod, inserted axially in the respective sheath, through the upper end thereof, to rest on an insulating and central locating support in the bottom of the sheath so that the wall of the sheath has a clearance around the element.
- the upper end of the element has a supporting collar or bush in the upper end of the sheath and is provided with electrical connections and terminals for connection to an electrical power supply. This construction enables the heating elements to be withdrawn from their sheaths, for servicing or replacement, without disturbing the construction of the furnace bath itself.
- any other immersion heater may however be used, for example the known kind of heater in which the element is of resistance Wire wound on a former and enclosed in a sheath.
- the top of the furnace bath is provided with thermally insulated hinged or removable covers for access openings for charging the bath with metal and removing molten metal therefrom.
- the drawing shows a cross-section of a furnace which is of rectangular shape in plan and can be of any length, to suit requirements, the parts shown by the drawing being duplicated as many times as necessary along the length of the furnace to suit the capacity of the furnace.
- the furnace as shown consists of a bath 1 which may be made of cast iron for holding relatively low melting point metals, such as zinc, or of a ceramic material, for example, for holding molten metal at high temperatures.
- a bath 1 which may be made of cast iron for holding relatively low melting point metals, such as zinc, or of a ceramic material, for example, for holding molten metal at high temperatures.
- the bath 1 is mounted within a casing 2 packed with thermal insulating material 3, such as vermiculite.
- the top of the bath is partly closed by an insulated cover 4 and a hinged lid 5, for charging the bath with metal, an opening 6 being left for the insertion of ladles for removing molten metal.
- the bottom of the bath slopes upwardly and has, spaced along the bath, upstanding partitions 7 with upper edges similarly sloped.
- an inclined tubular sheath 8 of silicon carbide for example is mounted by its upper end which extends through the side wall of the bath 1 and its casing 2 and is sealed in a sleeve bracket 9.
- an electrical resistance heating element 10 is removably mounted in the sheath 8.
- the element shown is a helically slotted tube of a refractory electrical resistance material, such as silicon carbide, which rests by its lower end on a locating and insulating plug 11 in the closed lower end of the sheath 8 and is supported in the upper end of the sheath 8 by an insulating bush 12.
- Electrical connections 13 are joined to the upper end of the element 10 and are enclosed by a protective cover 14 which closes the upper end of the sheath 8.
- the immersion heater consisting of the element 10 in its sheath 8 extends through a substantial part of the depth and width of the bath 1 and thus can efficiently melt or maintain metal molten in the bath.
- the partitions 7 protect the heater from damage by metal ingots charged into the bath through the filling opening, when the lid 5 is raised, or by ladies inserted through the opening 6.
- An electrically heated furnace for molten metal comprising a thermally insulated bath, said bath being of oblong shape in plane and having longer side walls and shorter end walls and a bottom at the lower edges of the walls, and at least one electrical immersion heater inserted through one of the longer side walls and extending within the bath in a downwardly inclined direction through a major part of the depth of the bath and across a substantial part of the width of the bath, said bath bottom having a part which slopes upwardly to said one of the longer side walls, said part of the bath bottom lying closely beneath the said heater and at substantially the same angle as the inclination of the heater, said bath further having on each side of each said heater a partitron upstanding from the sloping part of the bottomand extending above the said heater.
- each heater has a protective tubular sheath, said sheath is closed at its lower end and is supported in the wall of the bath by the upper end of said sheath which extends through and is sealed into said wall of the bath, and a heater element is mounted in said sheath and is withdrawable through the upper end of said sheath.
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Description
Dec. 20, 1966 H. J. PROFITT ETAL 3,293,412
ELEGTRICALLY HEATED FURNACE FOR MOLTEN METAL Filed May 14, 1964 United States Patent 6) 3,293,412 ELECTRICALLY HEATED FURNACE FOR MOLTEN METAL Henry Joseph Profitt, Evesham, and David Walter King, Solihull, England, assignors to Morganite Thermal Designs Limited, Norton, England Filed May 14, 1964, Ser. No. 367,386 Claims priority, application Great Britain, May 16, 1963, 19,483/ 63 3 Claims. (Cl. 219--421) This invention relates to furnaces and provides an electrically heated furnace, of relatively large capacity for its overall size, suitable for melting metal and holding molten metal ready for use, such as in diecasting.
According to the invention, an electrically heated furnace comprises a thermally insulate-d bath with one or more electrical immersion heaters inserted through a wall of the bath and extending downwardly inclined through a major part of the depth of the bath.
Preferably, the bath is of oblong shape in plan and each heater is inserted through one of the longer side walls thereof so as to extend across a substantial part of the width of the bath.
This arrangement enables the furnace to have substantially the same overall dimensions as a simple insulated bath of the same capacity, there being no external combustion or electrical induction heating apparatus as in existing metal melting and holding furnaces, the top of the furnace is unimpeded, so that it can be utilised efiiciently for charging and removing metal, and the area of heating has a substantial extent both in depth and across the bath.
In a preferred construction, the bottom of the bath slopes upwardly to the side closely beneath and at the same angle as the inclined immersion heaters and, as a further feature, the immersion heaters are protected, against impact by metal charged into the bath, by inclined ribs or partitions upstanding from the bottom of the bath and projecting between and slightly above the individual immersion heaters.
Each immersion heater has a protective tubular sheath which is close-d at its lower end and is supported by its upper, open, end which extends through and is sealed into the side wall of the bath and its thermal insulation. The sheath may be made of a suitable refractory material such as silicon carbide or of a suitable ferrous metallic material.
Preferably, the heating element of each heater is a resistor of a refractory material, such as silicon carbide, in the form of a tube, or rod, inserted axially in the respective sheath, through the upper end thereof, to rest on an insulating and central locating support in the bottom of the sheath so that the wall of the sheath has a clearance around the element. The upper end of the element has a supporting collar or bush in the upper end of the sheath and is provided with electrical connections and terminals for connection to an electrical power supply. This construction enables the heating elements to be withdrawn from their sheaths, for servicing or replacement, without disturbing the construction of the furnace bath itself.
Any other immersion heater may however be used, for example the known kind of heater in which the element is of resistance Wire wound on a former and enclosed in a sheath.
The top of the furnace bath is provided with thermally insulated hinged or removable covers for access openings for charging the bath with metal and removing molten metal therefrom.
A preferred construction of a furnace in accordance ree with the invention isillustrated on the accompanying drawing.
The drawing shows a cross-section of a furnace which is of rectangular shape in plan and can be of any length, to suit requirements, the parts shown by the drawing being duplicated as many times as necessary along the length of the furnace to suit the capacity of the furnace.
The furnace as shown consists of a bath 1 which may be made of cast iron for holding relatively low melting point metals, such as zinc, or of a ceramic material, for example, for holding molten metal at high temperatures.
The bath 1 is mounted within a casing 2 packed with thermal insulating material 3, such as vermiculite.
The top of the bath is partly closed by an insulated cover 4 and a hinged lid 5, for charging the bath with metal, an opening 6 being left for the insertion of ladles for removing molten metal.
At one side, the bottom of the bath slopes upwardly and has, spaced along the bath, upstanding partitions 7 with upper edges similarly sloped.
Between adjacent partitions 7 an inclined tubular sheath 8, of silicon carbide for example, is mounted by its upper end which extends through the side wall of the bath 1 and its casing 2 and is sealed in a sleeve bracket 9.
In the sheath 8, an electrical resistance heating element 10 is removably mounted. The element shown is a helically slotted tube of a refractory electrical resistance material, such as silicon carbide, which rests by its lower end on a locating and insulating plug 11 in the closed lower end of the sheath 8 and is supported in the upper end of the sheath 8 by an insulating bush 12.
Electrical connections 13 are joined to the upper end of the element 10 and are enclosed by a protective cover 14 which closes the upper end of the sheath 8.
It can be seen from the drawing that the immersion heater, consisting of the element 10 in its sheath 8, extends through a substantial part of the depth and width of the bath 1 and thus can efficiently melt or maintain metal molten in the bath. The partitions 7 protect the heater from damage by metal ingots charged into the bath through the filling opening, when the lid 5 is raised, or by ladies inserted through the opening 6.
We claim:
1. An electrically heated furnace for molten metal comprising a thermally insulated bath, said bath being of oblong shape in plane and having longer side walls and shorter end walls and a bottom at the lower edges of the walls, and at least one electrical immersion heater inserted through one of the longer side walls and extending within the bath in a downwardly inclined direction through a major part of the depth of the bath and across a substantial part of the width of the bath, said bath bottom having a part which slopes upwardly to said one of the longer side walls, said part of the bath bottom lying closely beneath the said heater and at substantially the same angle as the inclination of the heater, said bath further having on each side of each said heater a partitron upstanding from the sloping part of the bottomand extending above the said heater.
2. A furnace according to claim 1, in which the upper edges of said partitions are slightly above and are inclined at substantially the same angle as the inclination of the heater.
3. A furnace according to claim 1, in which each heater has a protective tubular sheath, said sheath is closed at its lower end and is supported in the wall of the bath by the upper end of said sheath which extends through and is sealed into said wall of the bath, and a heater element is mounted in said sheath and is withdrawable through the upper end of said sheath.
(References on following page) References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS Smith 219-436 Millner 2'19421 Woodson 219421 X Churchill 21943'7 X Franz 219-421 2,536,747 1/1951 Hynes 219315 2,720,686 10/ 1955 Higgins et a1. 2279 X FOREIGN PATENTS 156,562 5/ 1954 Australia. 406,567 3/1934 Great Britain. 294,613 2/ 1954 Switzerland.
ANTHONY BARTIS, Primary Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. AN ELECTRICALLY HEATED FURNACE FOR MOLTEN METAL COMPRISING A THERMALLY INSULATED BATH, SAID BATH BEING OF OBLONG SHAPE IN PLANE AND HAVING LONGER SIDE WALLS AND SHORTER END WALLS AND A BOTTOM AT THE LOWER EDGES OF THE WALLS, AND AT LEAST ONE ELECTRICAL IMMERSION HEATER INSERTED THROUGH ONE OF THE LONGER SIDE WALLS AND EXTENDING WITHIN THE BATH IN A DOWNWARDLY INCLINED DIRECTION THROUGH A MAJOR PART OF THE DEPTH OF THE BATH AND ACROSS A SUBSTANTIAL PART OF THE WIDTH OF THE BATH, SAID BATH BOTTOM HAVING A PART WHICH SLOPES UPWARDLY TO SAID ONE
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB19483/63A GB1042764A (en) | 1963-05-16 | 1963-05-16 | Improvements in and relating to electrically-heated furnaces |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3293412A true US3293412A (en) | 1966-12-20 |
Family
ID=10130120
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US367386A Expired - Lifetime US3293412A (en) | 1963-05-16 | 1964-05-14 | Electrically heated furnace for molten metal |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3293412A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1042764A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3502847A (en) * | 1967-09-19 | 1970-03-24 | Otto Heide | Apparatus for heating the heads of ingot moulds or the gates of casting moulds |
| US3688007A (en) * | 1970-11-03 | 1972-08-29 | Sala Basic Ind Inc | Metal melting and holding furnace |
| US4090054A (en) * | 1976-10-12 | 1978-05-16 | Brown Boveri Corporation | Electrical preheating apparatus |
| US4158743A (en) * | 1976-03-01 | 1979-06-19 | Biuro Projektow Pyrzemyslu Metali Niezelaznych "Bipromet" | Electric resistance furnace |
| US4304986A (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1981-12-08 | Esco Corporation | Electric heating apparatus for foundry ladle |
| US4562337A (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1985-12-31 | Eldon Industries, Inc. | Solder pot |
| EP0238884A1 (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-09-30 | Union Carbide Corporation | Improved apparatus for holding and refining of molten aluminum |
| FR2811071A1 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-04 | Lethiguel | Electric immersion heated furnace for heating the interior of a molten non-ferrous metal has tank that pivots intermittently about a horizontal axis between a vertical position of the chamber walls and an inclined position |
| US6451248B1 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2002-09-17 | Alcoa, Inc. | Pressurized molten metal holder furnace |
| US6516868B2 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2003-02-11 | Alcoa Inc. | Molten metal holder furnace and casting system incorporating the molten metal holder furnace |
| US6585797B2 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2003-07-01 | Alcoa Inc. | Recirculating molten metal supply system and method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2480419A1 (en) * | 1980-04-09 | 1981-10-16 | Mgr Sa Fours | INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR MELTING OR MAINTAINING A METAL MATERIAL BY IMMERSION RESISTANT ELEMENT IN METAL |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US881968A (en) * | 1907-07-08 | 1908-03-17 | David Curle Smith | Electric kettle. |
| US1458430A (en) * | 1920-09-29 | 1923-06-12 | Millner Edgar | Melting or soldering pot |
| US1709645A (en) * | 1927-11-30 | 1929-04-16 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Immersion heater |
| US1809510A (en) * | 1929-03-02 | 1931-06-09 | Elias A Churchill | Curling iron heater |
| GB406567A (en) * | 1932-07-18 | 1934-03-01 | Carbo Keramik Ag | Electrical heating resistance for the production of high temperatures |
| US2271188A (en) * | 1939-01-14 | 1942-01-27 | Western Electric Co | Material dispensing apparatus |
| US2536747A (en) * | 1948-03-31 | 1951-01-02 | Lee P Hynes | Electric resistance heater and heated vessel |
| CH294613A (en) * | 1951-10-09 | 1953-11-30 | Elcalor Ag | Electrically heated hot water tank. |
| US2720686A (en) * | 1952-09-12 | 1955-10-18 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Die casting apparatus |
-
1963
- 1963-05-16 GB GB19483/63A patent/GB1042764A/en not_active Expired
-
1964
- 1964-05-14 US US367386A patent/US3293412A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US881968A (en) * | 1907-07-08 | 1908-03-17 | David Curle Smith | Electric kettle. |
| US1458430A (en) * | 1920-09-29 | 1923-06-12 | Millner Edgar | Melting or soldering pot |
| US1709645A (en) * | 1927-11-30 | 1929-04-16 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Immersion heater |
| US1809510A (en) * | 1929-03-02 | 1931-06-09 | Elias A Churchill | Curling iron heater |
| GB406567A (en) * | 1932-07-18 | 1934-03-01 | Carbo Keramik Ag | Electrical heating resistance for the production of high temperatures |
| US2271188A (en) * | 1939-01-14 | 1942-01-27 | Western Electric Co | Material dispensing apparatus |
| US2536747A (en) * | 1948-03-31 | 1951-01-02 | Lee P Hynes | Electric resistance heater and heated vessel |
| CH294613A (en) * | 1951-10-09 | 1953-11-30 | Elcalor Ag | Electrically heated hot water tank. |
| US2720686A (en) * | 1952-09-12 | 1955-10-18 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Die casting apparatus |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3502847A (en) * | 1967-09-19 | 1970-03-24 | Otto Heide | Apparatus for heating the heads of ingot moulds or the gates of casting moulds |
| US3688007A (en) * | 1970-11-03 | 1972-08-29 | Sala Basic Ind Inc | Metal melting and holding furnace |
| US4158743A (en) * | 1976-03-01 | 1979-06-19 | Biuro Projektow Pyrzemyslu Metali Niezelaznych "Bipromet" | Electric resistance furnace |
| US4090054A (en) * | 1976-10-12 | 1978-05-16 | Brown Boveri Corporation | Electrical preheating apparatus |
| US4304986A (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1981-12-08 | Esco Corporation | Electric heating apparatus for foundry ladle |
| US4562337A (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1985-12-31 | Eldon Industries, Inc. | Solder pot |
| EP0238884A1 (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-09-30 | Union Carbide Corporation | Improved apparatus for holding and refining of molten aluminum |
| FR2811071A1 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-04 | Lethiguel | Electric immersion heated furnace for heating the interior of a molten non-ferrous metal has tank that pivots intermittently about a horizontal axis between a vertical position of the chamber walls and an inclined position |
| US6451248B1 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2002-09-17 | Alcoa, Inc. | Pressurized molten metal holder furnace |
| US6516868B2 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2003-02-11 | Alcoa Inc. | Molten metal holder furnace and casting system incorporating the molten metal holder furnace |
| US6585797B2 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2003-07-01 | Alcoa Inc. | Recirculating molten metal supply system and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1042764A (en) | 1966-09-14 |
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