US3270414A - Methods of making thin reinforced tubular diaphragms and in diaphragms made according to these methods - Google Patents

Methods of making thin reinforced tubular diaphragms and in diaphragms made according to these methods Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3270414A
US3270414A US98917A US9891761A US3270414A US 3270414 A US3270414 A US 3270414A US 98917 A US98917 A US 98917A US 9891761 A US9891761 A US 9891761A US 3270414 A US3270414 A US 3270414A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
methods
diaphragms
recesses
ribs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US98917A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Plurien Pierre
Quenault Maurice
Rigot Roger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3270414A publication Critical patent/US3270414A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/02—Inorganic material
    • B01D71/024—Oxides
    • B01D71/025—Aluminium oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D59/00—Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element
    • B01D59/10—Separation by diffusion
    • B01D59/12—Separation by diffusion by diffusion through barriers
    • B01D59/14—Construction of the barrier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
    • B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
    • B01D67/0053—Inorganic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes
    • B01D67/006—Inorganic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by elimination of segments of the precursor, e.g. nucleation-track membranes, lithography or laser methods
    • B01D67/0065—Inorganic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by elimination of segments of the precursor, e.g. nucleation-track membranes, lithography or laser methods by anodic oxidation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/156—Making tubes with wall irregularities
    • B21C37/158—Protrusions, e.g. dimples
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
    • C25B13/02—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M14/00—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials
    • D06M14/18—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials using wave energy or particle radiation
    • D06M14/26—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials using wave energy or particle radiation on to materials of synthetic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
    • H01J29/36—Photoelectric screens; Charge-storage screens
    • H01J29/39—Charge-storage screens
    • H01J29/41—Charge-storage screens using secondary emission, e.g. for supericonoscope
    • H01J29/413—Charge-storage screens using secondary emission, e.g. for supericonoscope for writing and reading of charge pattern on opposite sides of the target, e.g. for superorthicon
    • H01J29/416—Charge-storage screens using secondary emission, e.g. for supericonoscope for writing and reading of charge pattern on opposite sides of the target, e.g. for superorthicon with a matrix of electrical conductors traversing the target
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49982—Coating
    • Y10T29/49986—Subsequent to metal working

Definitions

  • the articles thus obtained may be used in particular as microporous barriers for the separation of isotopes by gaseous diffusion.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a process of manufacturing articles which are better adapted to meet the requirements of practice than those made up to this time.
  • the invention consists chieily in giving said articles a tubular shape before subjecting them to the oxidizing treatment, and preferably before the stiffening ribs have been formed.
  • the cross-section of the tubes made according to this invention may be of any shape whatever, for instance circular, polygonal (in the form of a hexagon, or an octogon or of a square for instance) elliptic or the like.
  • the ribs form on the surface of the tubular article a network the meshes of which (of square, round, or polygonal shape) limit flat recesses having a very thin bottom.
  • the end portions of the tubes are left untreated to permit an easy fixation thereon of suitable end elements.
  • longitudinal and/or transverse bands of the tubes are left untreated so as thus to reinforce said tubes.
  • the metal or alloy of which the tubular elements are made may be any metal or alloy capable of being oxidized in an electrolyte to form a layer of oxide adhering strongly to the surface thereof.
  • Such substances are for instance the following metals: aluminum, magnesium, chromium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, vanadium, zirconium and hafnium and the alloys of these metals, for instance an alloy of aluminum and magnesium.
  • the thickness of the starting material depends upon the size and shape of the recesses to be formed therein. Generally, it ranges from 60 to 300 microns, preferably from 80 to 250 microns.
  • the shapes and dimensions of the recesses and also the thickness of their bottoms may vary according to the use for which the tubular elements are provided.
  • the maximum dimensions of the recess bottoms should range from 150 to 1000 microns and preferably from 150 to 500 microns.
  • the width of the ribs should range from 150 to 1000 micron-s and preferably from to 500 microns.
  • the height of these ribs may range from 50 to 250 microns and possibly more.
  • the thickness of the bottoms of the recesses that is to say the thickness of the metal or alloy transformed into oxide, it may range from 15 to 50 microns, and preferably from 15 to 40 microns.
  • the mechanical shaping of the starting metal may be performed either before or after the elements are given a tubular shape.
  • a metal sheet is provided with the desired recesses and ribs, for instance by stamping or by rolling between a smooth cylinder and an engraved cylinder, after which the sheet is rolled up to form a tube, the edges of the sheet being welded together, before subjecting the smooth face to the oxidizing treatment.
  • the edges of the sheet must be left unrecessed over a width sulficient to permit a good welding. This width is for instance twice that of the Weld.
  • a thinwalled tube is first formed in a suitable manner, for instance by extrusion and drawing of the blank thus obtained or by rolling up a rectangular sheet the edges of which are then welded together.
  • the ribs and recesses are then formed on one of the faces of the tube, preferably the outer face.
  • the face of the tube which is not provided with ribs and recesses is then subjected to an oxidizing treatment, preferably an electrolytic one, the tube acting as an anode.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view on an enlarged scale of a portion of a tubular barrier made according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a portion of said barrier in axial section on a still further enlarged scale, the true proportions having been preserved between the different dimensions
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 diagrammatically show, respectively in side view and in section on the line -IVIV of FIG. 3, the shaping of a tubular element according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 diagrammatically illustrate three other methods of shaping a tubular element.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagrammatical view illustrating the anodic oxidizing of a tubular element according to the invention.
  • reference numeral 1 designates the thin-Walled tube; 2 are the recesses provided in one face of said tube and 3 the ribs which form separations bet-ween these recesses.
  • the recesses are formed by the teeth 4 of at least one tool.
  • FIGS. 3 to 7 illustrate the methods for forming the ribs and recesses on the external face of a tube 1.
  • This tube is engaged on a mandrel 5.
  • the mandrel is in the form of a prism having a hexagonal cross-section.
  • the recesses are formed by two toothed wheels 6 acting upon two opposed faces of the tube and turning about axes perpendicular to the axis of the tube, the toothed wheel axes being kept at a suitable adjustable distance from each other, these axes being movable as a whole with respect to the mandrel which is supposed to remain stationary.
  • the two tools 7 are strongly applied against two opposed faces of tube 1 with a pressure which may range for instance from 5 to 15 tons per square centimeter.
  • a prismatic mandrel having preferably an even number of sides (6, 8, 11 and so on) permits of forming the recesses very quickly over an important area.
  • the mandrel is in a form of a cylinder of revolution.
  • two tools 8 having curvilinear working faces are strongly applied in the direction of the arrows, the teeth of said tools being of a shape calculated to permit an easy withdrawal of said tool after the operation.
  • the shaping of tube 1 is obtained by means of two rolling cylindrical toothed elements 9 turning about respective axes parallel to the axis of the tube, each of these elements 9 having in cross-section the shape of a circular sector.
  • a rotation of tool 9 in the direction of the arrows therefore suffices to form the desired recesses over the whole area of the external face of the tube.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the anodic oxidizing of a tube 1 provided with recesses 2 and the ribs 3.
  • the ends of tube 1 are connected in liquid-tight fashion to a tank containing the electrolytic bath 11.
  • a conductor rod 10 is placed in the tube, and tube 1 and rod 10 are electrically connected to the positive and the negative terminals, respectively, of a direct current source.
  • the electrolyte is made to circulate in the tube during electrolysis by means of a pump so as to improve the evacuation of heat.
  • the curve giving the intensity of the current flowing through the electrolyte as a function of time may be recorded so that it is easy to determine when the bottoms of the recesses are wholly oxidized without the grid formed by ribs 3 being oxidized. This is indicated by a sudden rise of the current flow.
  • This curve also perm-its of calculating by integration the amount of current that is necessary, which amount is constant for a given area and a given thickness of the barrier.
  • the following example having merely an indicative and non-limitative character, relates to the preparation of a barrier for the diffusion of gaseous uranium hexafluoride.
  • the starting element is a cylindrical tube made of an alloy of aluminum and magnesium containing 3% of magnesium obtained by extrusion without welding and having a diameter of mm, a length of 500 mm. and a Wall thickness of 0.1 mm.
  • This tube is fixed on a prismatic mandrel having an octagonal cross-section and the external surface of the tube is recessed by means of two toothed wheels having a diameter of 15 mm. and a thickness of 6 mm., two areas having a length of mm. being left without recesses at each end of the tube.
  • Each of the tools has, engraved in its periphery, two sets of lines at right angle to each other, these hollow lines having a width of 0.3 mm. and being at a distance of 0.8 mm. from each other (distance between the middle points of two consecutive lines).
  • a grid made of ribs surrounding recesses in the form of squares, the sides of which are 0.5 mm. long, the height of said grid being 0.11 mm, the thickness of the recessed bottoms being 0.04 mm. so that the total thickness of the tube wall has passed from 0.10 to 0.15 mm.
  • the tube is given a circular cylindrical shape by subjecting it to an inner pressure of for instance 2 or 3 kgs. per square centimeter.
  • the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of oxalic acid at 7% kept at a temperature of 30 C.
  • Cathode 9 is a rod of molybdenum.
  • the potential difference across the terminals of the direct current source is 36 volts and the current intensity is 1.2 amperes per square decimeter of the inner surface of the tube.
  • the total amount of current is about 2.9 amperes/hour.
  • the tube thus obtained has an excellent optical transparency of the recess bottoms and its external metallic grill constitutes a reinforcement which is both strong (capable of withstanding a pressure of 4 kgs. per square centimeter applied on the inner wall of the tube) and flexible (thus avoiding risks of cracking of the tube when it is bent).
  • the impervious superficial layer of alumina forming the bottoms of the recesses is removed by attacking it in any suitable bath, for instance a mixture of phosphoric acid and ammonium fluoride.
  • any suitable bath for instance a mixture of phosphoric acid and ammonium fluoride.
  • a thin-walled tubular diaphragm which comprises forming a thin-walled tube of a metal which is oxidizable so as to form thereon a strongly adhering oxide layer, mechanically forming stiffening projecting ribs on the outer face of the wall of said tube While leaving the inner face smooth, placing a conductor rod in said tube, said rod being electrically insulated from said tube, circulating an electrolyte through said tube and connecting said rod and said tube to the respective terminals of a direct current source so as to exert an electrolytic oxidizing treatment on the inner surface of said tube, said treatment being pursued until the whole thickness of the portions of said tube extending between these ribs is oxidized without the metal of these ribs being oxidized.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
US98917A 1957-05-04 1961-03-28 Methods of making thin reinforced tubular diaphragms and in diaphragms made according to these methods Expired - Lifetime US3270414A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR737859 1957-05-04
FR743934 1957-07-23
FR822893A FR77433E (fr) 1957-05-04 1960-03-30 Membranes poreuses en alumine et procédé de fabrication de ces membranes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3270414A true US3270414A (en) 1966-09-06

Family

ID=27245103

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US98917A Expired - Lifetime US3270414A (en) 1957-05-04 1961-03-28 Methods of making thin reinforced tubular diaphragms and in diaphragms made according to these methods

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3270414A (fr)
BE (1) BE567212A (fr)
CH (2) CH379871A (fr)
DK (1) DK113791B (fr)
FR (2) FR1174795A (fr)
GB (2) GB856230A (fr)
LU (1) LU39917A1 (fr)
NL (2) NL263016A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4247976A (en) * 1978-11-02 1981-02-03 Dual Gebruder Steidinger Method for production of a turntable with stroboscope marks

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS49178A (fr) * 1972-04-19 1974-01-05
GB8426264D0 (en) * 1984-10-17 1984-11-21 Alcan Int Ltd Porous films
GB8609250D0 (en) * 1986-04-16 1986-05-21 Alcan Int Ltd Anodic oxide membranes
US4882926A (en) * 1987-08-21 1989-11-28 Anderson-Cook, Inc. Roll forming notches in a thin-wall power transmission member
US4956986A (en) * 1987-08-21 1990-09-18 Anderson-Cook, Inc. Roll forming notches in a thin-wall power transmission member
US4819468A (en) * 1987-08-21 1989-04-11 Anderson-Cook, Inc. Roll forming notches in a thin-wall power transmission member
DE4238571C1 (de) * 1992-11-16 1994-06-01 Kernforschungsz Karlsruhe Verfahren zur Herstellung von durch einen Rahmen aufgespannte Membranen

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1195830A (en) * 1916-08-22 James r
US1807904A (en) * 1927-08-10 1931-06-02 Paraffine Co Inc Covering for staved pipes
US2337490A (en) * 1940-04-15 1943-12-21 Calumet And Hecla Cons Copper Method of manufacturing integral finned tubing
US2431863A (en) * 1943-05-03 1947-12-02 Calumet And Hecla Cons Copper Apparatus for forming finned tubing
US2687565A (en) * 1951-02-21 1954-08-31 Clevite Corp Method of bonding aluminum to steel
US2835961A (en) * 1956-01-05 1958-05-27 Olin Mathieson Inflation method
US2912751A (en) * 1954-04-26 1959-11-17 Frederick W Turnbull Method of enameling the interior of hollow metal bodies
US3089235A (en) * 1963-05-14 Methods of making thin reinforced diaphragms and in

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1195830A (en) * 1916-08-22 James r
US3089235A (en) * 1963-05-14 Methods of making thin reinforced diaphragms and in
US1807904A (en) * 1927-08-10 1931-06-02 Paraffine Co Inc Covering for staved pipes
US2337490A (en) * 1940-04-15 1943-12-21 Calumet And Hecla Cons Copper Method of manufacturing integral finned tubing
US2431863A (en) * 1943-05-03 1947-12-02 Calumet And Hecla Cons Copper Apparatus for forming finned tubing
US2687565A (en) * 1951-02-21 1954-08-31 Clevite Corp Method of bonding aluminum to steel
US2912751A (en) * 1954-04-26 1959-11-17 Frederick W Turnbull Method of enameling the interior of hollow metal bodies
US2835961A (en) * 1956-01-05 1958-05-27 Olin Mathieson Inflation method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4247976A (en) * 1978-11-02 1981-02-03 Dual Gebruder Steidinger Method for production of a turntable with stroboscope marks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB908480A (en) 1962-10-17
BE567212A (fr)
GB856230A (en) 1960-12-14
CH379871A (fr) 1964-07-15
LU39917A1 (fr) 1961-05-23
FR1174795A (fr) 1959-03-16
CH393870A (fr) 1965-06-15
NL263016A (fr)
DK113791B (da) 1969-04-28
FR77433E (fr) 1962-03-02
NL131796C (fr)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3270414A (en) Methods of making thin reinforced tubular diaphragms and in diaphragms made according to these methods
DE2646463A1 (de) Plattenelektrode fuer eine elektrolysezelle
DE69005024T2 (de) Diffusionsschweissen von Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen.
US3559278A (en) Method of manufacturing a hollow elongated thin-walled metallic body
DE7601114U1 (de) Vorrichtung zum isothermen schmieden von hochtemperaturlegierungen
JPH0334645B2 (fr)
US3666642A (en) Process of forming aluminum foil
CN113874971B (zh) 铝化成箔、铝电解电容器用电极和铝化成箔的制造方法
US5304261A (en) Method of fabricating a channel box or other part for a nuclear reactor
SE463816B (sv) Metod foer framstaellning av stroemningsuppdelande organ foer heta gaser bestaaende av en kropp av alfa-korund, samt det daerigenom framstaellda stroemningsuppdelande organet
US3640116A (en) Mandrel for use in manufacturing a hollow elongated thin-walled metallic body and method of using such mandrel
CN1214520A (zh) 用于沸水反应器的控制棒的制造方法
US3434323A (en) Extrusion of composite bodies
DE2253915A1 (de) Verfahren zur vakuumdichten verbindung von teilen aus keramik und aluminium und diese verbindung aufweisender vakuumkolben
DE1583438B1 (de) Fluessigkeitsgekuehlte Muffel,insbesondere fuer Durchlaufmuffeloefen
JPS61190007A (ja) 粉末冶金法による熱間押出しクラツド金属管の製造方法
US3089235A (en) Methods of making thin reinforced diaphragms and in
DE646242C (de) Bandfoermige Stromeinfuehrung in elektrischen Entladungsroehren
DE706070C (de) Indirekt geheizte Kathode mit rechteckigem Querschnitt der Kathodenhuelse
US3675021A (en) Metal oxide film structure
DE1159727B (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung einer mikroporoesen Struktur in duennwandigen, einseitig mit Versteifungsvorspruengen versehenen Metallteilen
JPH03104207A (ja) 電解コンデンサ用電極のエッチング方法
DE3608120A1 (de) Koerper aus duennwandigem, aluminiumhaltigem edelstahl
JPS6219044B2 (fr)
JPH0748461B2 (ja) 電解コンデンサ用アルミニウム電極箔及びその製造方法