US3266550A - Apparatus for burning oil with a high carbon to hydrogen ratio - Google Patents

Apparatus for burning oil with a high carbon to hydrogen ratio Download PDF

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Publication number
US3266550A
US3266550A US243812A US24381262A US3266550A US 3266550 A US3266550 A US 3266550A US 243812 A US243812 A US 243812A US 24381262 A US24381262 A US 24381262A US 3266550 A US3266550 A US 3266550A
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United States
Prior art keywords
inlet
oil
inlet opening
opening
air
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Expired - Lifetime
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US243812A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sick Walter
Zirngibl Hans
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Bayer AG
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Bayer AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/24—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved process for burning oil with a high carbon to hydrogen ratio.
  • Processes for burning oil having a high carbon to hydrogen ratio are known in which processes the liquid fuel is injected axially into an axially-symmetrical combustion chamber, which is constricted at the inlet and outlet ends, the air and burnt gases fiowing through the chamber in a spiral rotational vortex around the mean axis, a return flow of the burnt gases being set up in the vicinity of the chamber axis and this flow being directed towards the stream of injected fuel.
  • US. patent to Kerrick, 2,284,- 906 discloses such apparatus.
  • the present invention is concerned with a process for the combustion of oils having a high carbon to hydrogen ratio, in which the liquid fuel is injected axially into an axially symmetrical combustion chamber which is constricted at the inlet and outlet ends, through which chamber the air and burnt gases flow in a spiral rotational vortex about the mean axis, a return stream of the burnt gases being set up in the vicinity of the chamber axis, this stream being directed towards the stream of injected fuel, wherein the return stream velocity in the combustion chamber and the degree of fineness of the atomization of the injected fuel stream are so matched to one another that the return flow retards the injected fuel stream in the region of the fresh air supply inlet and introduces the retarded stream into the surrounding rotational vortex.
  • the fuel is injected with a pressure of more than 100 atm., preferably 150 to 300 atm., at a spray-angle of about 2090, preferably 3060, and the combustion chamber is operated with a specific loading of more than 10x10 lc.cal./h.m. preferably S0 l0 k.cal./h.m.
  • the burner of the invention is provided with a conical bafile at the inlet.
  • the conical bafile is arranged so that it provides the desired mixing of air and fuel.
  • the ratio between tangential and axial speeds of the air on the radius of the air inlet aperture is preferably adjustedto be smaller than 1.
  • apparatus for burning oil comprises an axially symmetrical elongated combustion chamber having an axially disposed, constricted, inlet opening for oil and air at one end thereof and an axially disposed, constricted, outlet opening for burnt gases at the other end thereof.
  • the apparatus comprises oil inlet means for dispersing oil in a spray adjacent the oil inlet, and said oil inlet means is axially positioned within the inlet opening spaced from the periphery thereof.
  • a conically shaped bafile axially positioned about the oil inlet means adjacent the inlet opening with its vertex end disposed Within the inlet opening.
  • the convergence of the baffle cone is about 7 0-110", preferably about
  • the batfie with said inlet opening defines an annular air inlet.
  • the area of the annular air inlet is about 30-50% of the area of said inlet opening.
  • the apparatus can include means for whirling air through the air inlet for admixing air and oil, and the chamber and its'inlet opening and outlet opening are constructed so that the gas flows in the chamber in a spiral rotational vortex about the chamber axis and a return stream of burnt gas flows adjacent the chamber axis from adjacent the outlet toward the inlet.
  • An apparatus for carrying out the process consists of an axially symmetrical combustion chamber constricted at the inlet and outlet ends, in which the ratio between the diameter of the inlet aperture and that of the outlet aperture is about 1:15 to 1:25, and in which the ratio between the diameter of the inlet opening and the largest diameter of the combustion chamber is about 1:3 to 1:5, preferably 1:4.
  • the fuel nozzle is arranged coaxially to the air inlet aperture or at a small distance below the air inlet aperture in the combustion chamber.
  • the length of the combustion chamber should not be smaller than the largest diameter of the chamber.
  • conical bafiie facilitates the fine setting of the ratio between the tangential and axial speed of the entening air.
  • conical bafile or displacement member is axially adjustable.
  • the variable adjustment between axial and tangential speeds contributes to the extremely intensive and rapid mixing.
  • the return flow towards the nozzle is deflected in the vicinity of the air inlet aperture by the movably arranged displacement member.
  • a device for producing the tangential velocity of the air for combustion can be formed in various ways. It can for example consist of an arrangement of adjustable louvres or it can be produced by providing fixedly ar-' ranged guide vanes on the wall of the housing or combustion chamber.
  • An additional advantage of the invention consists in that the outlet aperture of the combustion chamber can be used as a throttling means for producing higher pressures during the combustion.
  • the process of the invention can also be used for pres sure firing systems, the small size of the combustion chamber providing an important advantage over other constructions from the point of view of danger of explosion.
  • This process for pressure firing systems, it is possible to operate with equal success with a higher load (heat release rate) in the combustion chamber, this load corresponding to the pressure level. It is immaterial whether the pressure drop origin-ates from an apparatus which is to be heated or by throttling at the combustion chamber outlet.
  • FIG. 1 being a longitudinal section through the apparatus and FIG. 2 a plan view thereof.
  • FIG. 3 is a view of part of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
  • 1 represents an axially symmetrical combustion chamber with constricted inlet and outlet ends.
  • the reference 2 represents a member having a frustro-conical end 2a, which member extends from above, axially into the inlet opening 10a of the combustion chamber, and which is adjustable axially during operation by threading the threads 211 through the support block 20.
  • the ignition device 4 can be arranged in this displacement member 2.
  • the displacement mem ber 2 is so designed that the oil nozzle 3, in the operating position, is disposed substantially at the end of the air inlet aperture 10, i.e. at the height of the commencement of the conical enlargement 1 1 of the combustion chamber 1.
  • the comcombustion chamber 1 is enclosed by a spiral housing 7 into which the air for combustion flows through the pipe 6.
  • the air for combustion is set in rotation in the spiral housing 7 and enters the space 9 of the housing over the edge 8.
  • Guide vanes 12 are arranged in the space 9 to control the rotation.
  • the air set in rotation enters the axially symmetrical combustion chamber 1 through the inlet aperture 10. It maintains its rotational movement in the combustion chamber. Due to the rotational movement, a return flow 13 is produced, by which the stream of fuel 14, injected from the nozzle 3, is retarded near the fresh air inlet 10.
  • the retarded fuel particles are dis persed, vaporised or gasified by the rotating return flow 13 and are completely burnt on coming into contact with the air for combustionentering through the aperture 10.
  • the combustion chamber 1 is displace-ably arranged in the housing 5 and is brought by adjusting screws 16 to the accurate position in relation to the displacement member 2 and the nozzle 3.
  • the structure of the invention provides a return stream of the combustion gas, the outside diameter of which depends exclusively on the ratio of the tangential component to the axial component of the fresh air entering at
  • the entering air hits the conical baffle, is deflected laterally upward and again returned into the combustion chamber by the entering fresh air.
  • the conical baflie provides a turning around of the return stream which is more favorable to the flow system.
  • the larger droplets formed in the atomizing of the oil penetrate, corresponding to their greater mass, more deeply into the return stream, wherein they rapidly evaporate and/ or gasify, because of high relative velocity and high temperature difference.
  • Vapors, gases and carbon are pulled along by the return stream and turned around at the conical bafiie, and seized by the fresh air, which carries them into the outer zones of the combustion chamber, in which bu-rning occurs.
  • the format-ion of soot is practically completely avoided.
  • the small droplets formed in the atomization turn around under the influence of the return stream shortly behind the nozzle-mouth, and are also turned around at the conical baffle at the place which corresponds to the outer diameter of the return stream, and seized by the fresh air.
  • the arrangement of the displacement member 2 with respect to the combustion chamber is illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the displacement member 2 provides the conical .bafiie 2a and the baffie vertex end is disposed within the inlet opening, 10a.
  • the angle of convergence alpha of the baffle cone is about 70-1 10", preferably
  • the baffle with the inlet opening 10a defines the annular air inlet 10, and the area of the annular air inlet 10- is about 30-50% of the area of the inlet opening 10a, i.e., the area of the annulus defined by diameter y of the conical baffle and the diameter x of the inlet opening is about 30-50% of the area of the inlet opening 10a (which would be the area of a circle of diameter x).
  • Apparatus for burning oil comprising axially symmetrical elongated combustion chamber means having an axially disposed, constricted, air inlet opening at one end thereof, and an axially disposed, constricted, outlet opening for burnt gases at the other end thereof, oil inlet means for dispersing oil in a spray adjacent the air inlet, said oil inlet means being axially positioned within said inlet opening spaced from the periphery thereof, a conically shaped bafile axially positioned about the oil inlet means adjacent said inlet opening with its vertex end disposed Within said inlet opening, the convergence of the baflie cone being about 70-110", said bafiie with said inlet opening defining an annular air inlet, the area of said annular air inlet being about 30-50% of the area of said inlet opening, means for whirling air through the air inlet for admixing air and oil, said chamber means and its inlet opening and outer opening permitting the gases to flow in a spiral rotational vortex about the
  • Apparatus for burning oil comprising an axially symmetrical elongated combustion chamber having an axially disposed, constricted air inlet opening at one end thereof, and an axially disposed, constricted outlet opening for burnt gases at the other end thereof, oil inlet means for dispersing oil in a spray adjacent the air inlet, said oil inlet means being axially positioned within said inlet opening spaced from the periphery thereof, a conically shaped bafiie axially positioned about the oil inlet means adjacent said inlet opening with its vertex end disposed within said inlet opening, the convergence of the baffle cone being about 70-110, said baffle with said inlet opening defining an annular air inlet, the area of said annular air inlet being about 30-50% of the area of said inlet opening, the ratio between the diameter of said inlet opening and said outlet opening being about 1:15 to 122.5, and the ratio of said inlet opening to the largest diameter of said combustion chamber being about 1:3 to 1:5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
US243812A 1959-04-04 1962-12-11 Apparatus for burning oil with a high carbon to hydrogen ratio Expired - Lifetime US3266550A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1959F0028119 DE1162502B (de) 1959-04-04 1959-04-04 Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von Oel mit hohem Kohlenstoff-Wasserstoff-Verhältnis.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3266550A true US3266550A (en) 1966-08-16

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US243812A Expired - Lifetime US3266550A (en) 1959-04-04 1962-12-11 Apparatus for burning oil with a high carbon to hydrogen ratio

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US (1) US3266550A (de)
DE (1) DE1162502B (de)
GB (1) GB944585A (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3367384A (en) * 1966-05-09 1968-02-06 James T. Voorheis Methods for burning fuel, burners and systems for burning fuels and apparatus in which said burners and/or systems are parts thereof
US3448736A (en) * 1968-01-10 1969-06-10 Rheem Mfg Co Oil fired conversion assembly
US4249885A (en) * 1978-07-20 1981-02-10 Vapor Corporation Heavy fuel oil nozzle
US4606721A (en) * 1984-11-07 1986-08-19 Tifa Limited Combustion chamber noise suppressor
WO1994001720A1 (en) * 1992-07-07 1994-01-20 Maxon Corporation Tube burner
US5427314A (en) * 1992-08-18 1995-06-27 Damper Design, Inc. Apparatus and method for delivery of particulate fuel and transport air

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2284906A (en) * 1939-03-06 1942-06-02 Clayton Manufacturing Co Method and apparatus for burning fuel
GB762620A (en) * 1953-06-09 1956-11-28 Alexandre Adrianoff Improvements in or relating to fuel-oil or gas burners
FR1148255A (fr) * 1955-04-29 1957-12-05 Bataafsche Petroleum Dispositif de combustion
US2986206A (en) * 1957-02-28 1961-05-30 Shell Oil Co Combustion device for liquid fuel

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH171513A (de) * 1933-06-24 1934-08-31 Sulzer Ag Verfahren zur Regelung von Brennern für flüssige Brennstoffe und Einrichtung an Brennern für flüssige Brennstoffe zur Ausführung des Verfahrens.
GB613984A (en) * 1944-05-19 1948-12-08 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Improvements relating to fuel burners and combustion arrangements
DE1035306B (de) * 1953-02-26 1958-07-31 Schoppe Fritz Verfahren zum Mischen gasfoermiger, fluessiger oder fester Stoffe sowie zur Herstellung von Reaktions-produkten und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2284906A (en) * 1939-03-06 1942-06-02 Clayton Manufacturing Co Method and apparatus for burning fuel
GB762620A (en) * 1953-06-09 1956-11-28 Alexandre Adrianoff Improvements in or relating to fuel-oil or gas burners
FR1148255A (fr) * 1955-04-29 1957-12-05 Bataafsche Petroleum Dispositif de combustion
US2986206A (en) * 1957-02-28 1961-05-30 Shell Oil Co Combustion device for liquid fuel

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3367384A (en) * 1966-05-09 1968-02-06 James T. Voorheis Methods for burning fuel, burners and systems for burning fuels and apparatus in which said burners and/or systems are parts thereof
US3448736A (en) * 1968-01-10 1969-06-10 Rheem Mfg Co Oil fired conversion assembly
US4249885A (en) * 1978-07-20 1981-02-10 Vapor Corporation Heavy fuel oil nozzle
US4606721A (en) * 1984-11-07 1986-08-19 Tifa Limited Combustion chamber noise suppressor
WO1994001720A1 (en) * 1992-07-07 1994-01-20 Maxon Corporation Tube burner
US5399085A (en) * 1992-07-07 1995-03-21 Maxon Corporation High output tube burner
US5520537A (en) * 1992-07-07 1996-05-28 Maxon Corporation High-output tube burner
US5427314A (en) * 1992-08-18 1995-06-27 Damper Design, Inc. Apparatus and method for delivery of particulate fuel and transport air

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1162502B (de) 1964-02-06
GB944585A (en) 1963-12-18

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