US3258832A - Method of making sheet metal heat exchangers - Google Patents

Method of making sheet metal heat exchangers Download PDF

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US3258832A
US3258832A US194594A US19459462A US3258832A US 3258832 A US3258832 A US 3258832A US 194594 A US194594 A US 194594A US 19459462 A US19459462 A US 19459462A US 3258832 A US3258832 A US 3258832A
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wide
portions
sheet
stack
forming
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US194594A
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George W Gerstung
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Motors Liquidation Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0308—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D1/0325—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having lateral openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F28D1/0333—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having lateral openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having integrated connecting members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
    • B21D53/04—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of sheet metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49366—Sheet joined to sheet

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods of making heat exchangers and particularly to methods involving sheet metal heat exchange structure.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a lowcost method of fabricating heat exchangers which is conducive to high volume production, each unit being of light-weight construction and efficient for the transfer of heat from one fluid to another.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a plan view of a heat exchanger disclosing one embodiment of the present invention and a portion being broken away along the line 11 of FIG- URE 2 better to illustrate the construction;
  • FIGURE 2 is an elevation view of the heat exchanger shown in FIGURE 1 portions being in section to aid in disclosing the passages defined and enclosed within the exchanger sheet material;
  • FIGURE 3 is an elevation vieW of a sheet of metal formed into alternating wide and narrow portions pre paratory to the step of folding and placing the wide portions into a stack type heat exchanger as shown in FIG- URES 1 and 2;
  • FIGURE 4 is a cross sectional view looking in the direction of the arrows 44 on FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 5 is an end view of the sheet shown in FIG- URE 3 being folded to form a stack of sheet metal portions in making up the heat exchanger of FIGURES 1, 2, and 4 but a supporting tube being omitted to avoid confusion.
  • FIGURE 3 is depicted a sheet of thin aluminum and in making the heat exchanger generally indicated at 12 in FIGURES l, 2, and 4, the sheet 10 is formed into alternate wide and narrow portions A and B in being subjected to blanking and forming operations in a progressive press whereby grooves 14 on the oil side and large width openings 16, 18, and 20 are made in the portions A and small width openings or slots 23 and 24 are made in the portions B.
  • the grooves 14 are indented into the sheet so that ridges appear on one or a ridged or air side only of the original plane of the sheet 10.
  • the alternate planes 21 and 22 between rows of the grooves 14 are advantageously left in the same plane as the original sheet material 10 and the peripheral margins of the latter.
  • the slots 23 and 24 are located in the narrow portions 'B or the planes 21 of the sheet 10 and one set of openings 16, 18, and is located in each wide portion A of the sheet.
  • the grooves 14 are formed at an acute angle with the margins of each wide portion A and it may be seen from FIGURE 3 that each portion A is similar in construction to each other wide portion A.
  • the peripheral margin as well as the plane 22 of a wide portion A is forced into contact with the peripheral margin and plane 22 of an adjacent Wide portion A so that grooves 14 on the oil side of the two portions A communicate and define a U-shaped passage extending from an opening 16 to an opening 20 of one portion A.
  • the grooves around the openings 16, and 20 are such that they will register with the grooves around the openings in an adjacent wide sheet portion thereby determining a passage communicating through the consecutive wide portions A of the assembled sheet exchanger f-or the flow of a liquid such as oil.
  • the openings 18 are not essential but are used in the specific heat exchanger structure disclosed in the drawings to accommodate a supporting tube 28. This tube is not intended to convey any fluid and it is arranged so as to contact, While in use, only a fluid (such as ambient air) which is admitted to the space between adjacent pairs of wide portions of the sheet material and in which space the ridges 15 are located. It should be noted that each plane 22 extends from around an opening 18 and terminates at a base groove 36.
  • the sheet material 10 includes a coating on both sides of some material which when subsequently heated in the stack assembly will bond or metal fuse together the peripheral margins and facing planes of the adjacent wide portions A.
  • the openings 16 and 20 of the adjacent wide portions A are arranged in registry for communication with inlet and outlet conduits 30 and 32 for a fluid such as oil.
  • a fluid such as oil.
  • commercially available aluminum brazing sheet may be used in carrying out the present invention.
  • Such a sheet may be .30 inches in thickness and include a coating on one side on both sides, the coating being of brazing material such as a composition of 92 /z% alu minum and 7 /2 of silicon.
  • Other materials and methods could be employed in permanently joining the wide portions A together and without departing from the present invention.
  • Substantial hinge portions of metal from the narrow portions B will exist at the ends of the slots 23 and 24 at one side of the heat exchanger and will connect the air sides of adjacent sheet metal portions after stacking but these hinge portions may be partly or wholly removed to permit the free flow of air through the stack.
  • alternate sets of plane or hinge portions 21A may be made very small in Width so that, upon folding of the sheet sharp folds will result at one side of the stack for forming the oil sections as at 40 in FIGURE 5.
  • Wider hinge portions 21B left at the other side 42 of the stack such as shown in FIGURE 5 and. spanning the heights of two abutting ridges 15 may be removed or cut away wholly or in part after the stack has been firmly joined together as a unitary structure.
  • the heat exchanger is to serve as an oil cooler
  • the oil is admitted through the-conduit 30 into the spaces such as the space 34 defined between the oil sides of two Wide portions A of the plate 10.
  • This oil will flow from the first space 34 into the registering openings 20 and 16 at one side of the stack and will also tra verse the intersecting ridges along that side of the stack to the base groove 36 then back at .the other side of the stack to the other set of registering openings 16 and 20 for discharge by Way of the conduit 32.
  • the air for cooling the oil is forced through the stack in a path extending through sides 40 and 42 (FIGURE 1) of the stack.
  • the ridges 15 will give turbulence to the air flow.
  • the oil will also be subjected to turbulence because of the intersecting and touching ridges of adjacent portions A contacted by the oil and an efiicient heat exchange 'be tween the air and the oil is therefore possible.
  • a method of making a heat exchanger having opposite sides for admitting and discharging a first fluid such as air comprising forming alternate wide and narrow portions along a length of sheet metal, the said forming including holding peripheral margins of each of said wide portions of said sheet in a given plane and simultaneously pressing the metal within the interior contour of said margins to form ridges protruding from one side of said sheet and plane, forming large width openings in each wide portion with each large width opening surrounded by one of said ridges, forming small width openings in each of the narrow portions, folding said sheet in zigzag formation into a stack of said wide portions while confining the bending as incurred in the folding to the said narrow portions, forcing the adjacent facing surfaces of said Wide portions together into contact, metal fusing the said adjacent facing surfaces of said wide portions together so that said large width openings ar in registry to determine a passage for a second fluid such as oil through each of said wide portions, and removing at least some of said narrow portions of said sheet atone side of the stack to accommodate the flow
  • a method of making a heat exchanger comprising forming alternate wide and narrow portions along a length .of sheet metal, the said forming including retaining peripheral margins of each of said wide portions in a given plane and pressing the metal within the interior contour of said margins of each wide portion to form ridges extending at an acute angle with said margins and protruding from one side only of said sheet and plane, forming openings of substantial width in each wide portion with each such opening surrounded by one of said ridges, forming a slot in each narrow portion, folding said sheet into a stack of said wide portions in parallel relation, forcing the adjacent facing surfaces of said wide portions together into contact, attaching the said adjacent facing surfaces of said wide portions together so that said openings determine passages for a flow of liquid such as oil through the wide portions consecutively, and removing at least some of the sheet metal of said narrow portions at one side of the stack to accommodate the flow of a fluid such as airin planes parallel with said wide portions.
  • a method of making a heat exchanger having opposite sides for admitting and discharging a first fluid such as air comprising forming alternate wide and narrow portions along a length of sheet metal, the said forming including holding peripheral margins of each of said wide portions of said sheet in a given plane and pressing the metal within the narrow contour of the margins of each wide portion to form ridges protruding from one side of said sheet and plane, the pressing being such as to make identical ridge patterns in each of said wide portions and as viewed from one side of the said sheet metal, forming openings in said wide portions with each opening surrounded by one of said ridges, weakening the metal structure of said narrow portions, folding said sheet in zigzag formation into a stack by bending said narrow portions, forcing the adjacent facing surfaces of said wide portions together into contact, joining the said adjacent facing surfaces of said wide portions in said stack together so that said openings determine a passage for a second fluid leading through said wide portions consecutively, and removing at least some of the material of said narrow portions at one side of the stack to
  • a method of making a heat exchanger having opposite sides for admitting and discharging a first fluid such as air comprising forming alternate wide and narrow portions along a length of sheet metal, the said forming including holding the peripheral margins of each of said wide portions of said sheet and simultaneously pressing the metal within the interior contour of said margins of each wide portion to form ridges protruding from one side of said sheet, forming openings for the passage of a second fluid in each wide portion with each opening surrounded by one of said ridges, cutting said narrow portions to facilitate bending along the length of each narrow portion, folding said sheet in zigzag formation into a stack of said wide portions in generally parallel relation, forcing the adjacent facing surfaces of said wide portions together into contact, joining the said adjacent facing surfaces of said wide portions together so that said openings determine a passage for a second fluid through the wide portions, and'removing sheet metal from said narrow portions at one side of the stack to facilitat passage of said first fluid through the stack.

Description

July 5, 1966 G. w. GERSTUNG 3,258,832
METHOD OF MAKING SHEET METAL HEAT EXCHANGERS Filed May 14, 1962 j INVENTOR.
ATTORNEY United States Patent Ofiice 3,258,832 Patented July 5, 1966 3,258,832 METHOD OF MAKING SHEET METAL HEAT EXCHANGERS George W. Gerstung, Lockport, N.Y., assignor to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Filed May 14, 1962, Ser. No. 194,594 4 Claims. (Cl. 29157.3)
This invention relates to methods of making heat exchangers and particularly to methods involving sheet metal heat exchange structure.
An object of the present invention is to provide a lowcost method of fabricating heat exchangers which is conducive to high volume production, each unit being of light-weight construction and efficient for the transfer of heat from one fluid to another.
Important features of the invention will now be described in detail in the specification and then pointed out more particularly in the appended claims.
In the drawings:
FIGURE 1 shows a plan view of a heat exchanger disclosing one embodiment of the present invention and a portion being broken away along the line 11 of FIG- URE 2 better to illustrate the construction;
FIGURE 2 is an elevation view of the heat exchanger shown in FIGURE 1 portions being in section to aid in disclosing the passages defined and enclosed within the exchanger sheet material;
FIGURE 3 is an elevation vieW of a sheet of metal formed into alternating wide and narrow portions pre paratory to the step of folding and placing the wide portions into a stack type heat exchanger as shown in FIG- URES 1 and 2;
FIGURE 4 is a cross sectional view looking in the direction of the arrows 44 on FIGURE 1; and
FIGURE 5 is an end view of the sheet shown in FIG- URE 3 being folded to form a stack of sheet metal portions in making up the heat exchanger of FIGURES 1, 2, and 4 but a supporting tube being omitted to avoid confusion.
In FIGURE 3 is depicted a sheet of thin aluminum and in making the heat exchanger generally indicated at 12 in FIGURES l, 2, and 4, the sheet 10 is formed into alternate wide and narrow portions A and B in being subjected to blanking and forming operations in a progressive press whereby grooves 14 on the oil side and large width openings 16, 18, and 20 are made in the portions A and small width openings or slots 23 and 24 are made in the portions B. In forming, the grooves 14 are indented into the sheet so that ridges appear on one or a ridged or air side only of the original plane of the sheet 10. The alternate planes 21 and 22 between rows of the grooves 14 are advantageously left in the same plane as the original sheet material 10 and the peripheral margins of the latter. The slots 23 and 24 are located in the narrow portions 'B or the planes 21 of the sheet 10 and one set of openings 16, 18, and is located in each wide portion A of the sheet. The grooves 14 are formed at an acute angle with the margins of each wide portion A and it may be seen from FIGURE 3 that each portion A is similar in construction to each other wide portion A. In making the stack, the peripheral margin as well as the plane 22 of a wide portion A is forced into contact with the peripheral margin and plane 22 of an adjacent Wide portion A so that grooves 14 on the oil side of the two portions A communicate and define a U-shaped passage extending from an opening 16 to an opening 20 of one portion A. The grooves around the openings 16, and 20 are such that they will register with the grooves around the openings in an adjacent wide sheet portion thereby determining a passage communicating through the consecutive wide portions A of the assembled sheet exchanger f-or the flow of a liquid such as oil. The openings 18 are not essential but are used in the specific heat exchanger structure disclosed in the drawings to accommodate a supporting tube 28. This tube is not intended to convey any fluid and it is arranged so as to contact, While in use, only a fluid (such as ambient air) which is admitted to the space between adjacent pairs of wide portions of the sheet material and in which space the ridges 15 are located. It should be noted that each plane 22 extends from around an opening 18 and terminates at a base groove 36.
It is preferable to supply the sheet material 10 in such form that it includes a coating on both sides of some material which when subsequently heated in the stack assembly will bond or metal fuse together the peripheral margins and facing planes of the adjacent wide portions A. The openings 16 and 20 of the adjacent wide portions A are arranged in registry for communication with inlet and outlet conduits 30 and 32 for a fluid such as oil. Conveniently, commercially available aluminum brazing sheet may be used in carrying out the present invention. Such a sheet may be .30 inches in thickness and include a coating on one side on both sides, the coating being of brazing material such as a composition of 92 /z% alu minum and 7 /2 of silicon. Other materials and methods could be employed in permanently joining the wide portions A together and without departing from the present invention.
Substantial hinge portions of metal from the narrow portions B will exist at the ends of the slots 23 and 24 at one side of the heat exchanger and will connect the air sides of adjacent sheet metal portions after stacking but these hinge portions may be partly or wholly removed to permit the free flow of air through the stack. If desired, alternate sets of plane or hinge portions 21A may be made very small in Width so that, upon folding of the sheet sharp folds will result at one side of the stack for forming the oil sections as at 40 in FIGURE 5. Wider hinge portions 21B left at the other side 42 of the stack such as shown in FIGURE 5 and. spanning the heights of two abutting ridges 15 may be removed or cut away wholly or in part after the stack has been firmly joined together as a unitary structure.
Assuming that the heat exchanger is to serve as an oil cooler, the oil is admitted through the-conduit 30 into the spaces such as the space 34 defined between the oil sides of two Wide portions A of the plate 10. This oil will flow from the first space 34 into the registering openings 20 and 16 at one side of the stack and will also tra verse the intersecting ridges along that side of the stack to the base groove 36 then back at .the other side of the stack to the other set of registering openings 16 and 20 for discharge by Way of the conduit 32. The air for cooling the oil is forced through the stack in a path extending through sides 40 and 42 (FIGURE 1) of the stack. The ridges 15 will give turbulence to the air flow. The oil will also be subjected to turbulence because of the intersecting and touching ridges of adjacent portions A contacted by the oil and an efiicient heat exchange 'be tween the air and the oil is therefore possible.
I claim:
1. A method of making a heat exchanger having opposite sides for admitting and discharging a first fluid such as air, said method comprising forming alternate wide and narrow portions along a length of sheet metal, the said forming including holding peripheral margins of each of said wide portions of said sheet in a given plane and simultaneously pressing the metal within the interior contour of said margins to form ridges protruding from one side of said sheet and plane, forming large width openings in each wide portion with each large width opening surrounded by one of said ridges, forming small width openings in each of the narrow portions, folding said sheet in zigzag formation into a stack of said wide portions while confining the bending as incurred in the folding to the said narrow portions, forcing the adjacent facing surfaces of said Wide portions together into contact, metal fusing the said adjacent facing surfaces of said wide portions together so that said large width openings ar in registry to determine a passage for a second fluid such as oil through each of said wide portions, and removing at least some of said narrow portions of said sheet atone side of the stack to accommodate the flow of said first fluid.
2. A method of making a heat exchanger comprising forming alternate wide and narrow portions along a length .of sheet metal, the said forming including retaining peripheral margins of each of said wide portions in a given plane and pressing the metal within the interior contour of said margins of each wide portion to form ridges extending at an acute angle with said margins and protruding from one side only of said sheet and plane, forming openings of substantial width in each wide portion with each such opening surrounded by one of said ridges, forming a slot in each narrow portion, folding said sheet into a stack of said wide portions in parallel relation, forcing the adjacent facing surfaces of said wide portions together into contact, attaching the said adjacent facing surfaces of said wide portions together so that said openings determine passages for a flow of liquid such as oil through the wide portions consecutively, and removing at least some of the sheet metal of said narrow portions at one side of the stack to accommodate the flow of a fluid such as airin planes parallel with said wide portions.
3. A method of making a heat exchanger having opposite sides for admitting and discharging a first fluid such as air, said method comprising forming alternate wide and narrow portions along a length of sheet metal, the said forming including holding peripheral margins of each of said wide portions of said sheet in a given plane and pressing the metal within the narrow contour of the margins of each wide portion to form ridges protruding from one side of said sheet and plane, the pressing being such as to make identical ridge patterns in each of said wide portions and as viewed from one side of the said sheet metal, forming openings in said wide portions with each opening surrounded by one of said ridges, weakening the metal structure of said narrow portions, folding said sheet in zigzag formation into a stack by bending said narrow portions, forcing the adjacent facing surfaces of said wide portions together into contact, joining the said adjacent facing surfaces of said wide portions in said stack together so that said openings determine a passage for a second fluid leading through said wide portions consecutively, and removing at least some of the material of said narrow portions at one side of the stack to facilitate the passage of said first fluid.
4. A method of making a heat exchanger having opposite sides for admitting and discharging a first fluid such as air, said method comprising forming alternate wide and narrow portions along a length of sheet metal, the said forming including holding the peripheral margins of each of said wide portions of said sheet and simultaneously pressing the metal within the interior contour of said margins of each wide portion to form ridges protruding from one side of said sheet, forming openings for the passage of a second fluid in each wide portion with each opening surrounded by one of said ridges, cutting said narrow portions to facilitate bending along the length of each narrow portion, folding said sheet in zigzag formation into a stack of said wide portions in generally parallel relation, forcing the adjacent facing surfaces of said wide portions together into contact, joining the said adjacent facing surfaces of said wide portions together so that said openings determine a passage for a second fluid through the wide portions, and'removing sheet metal from said narrow portions at one side of the stack to facilitat passage of said first fluid through the stack. 1
References Cited by the Examiner JOHN F. CAMPBELL, Primary Examiner.
WHITMORE A. WILTZ, CHARLES SUKALO,
Examiners.
S. W. MILLARD, J. D. HOBART, Assistant Examiners.

Claims (1)

  1. 2. A METHOD OF MAKING A HEAT EXCHANGER COMPRISING FORMING ALTERNATE WIDE AND NARROW PORTIONS ALONG A LENGTH OF SHEET METAL, THE SAID FORMING INCLUDING RETAINING PERIPHERAL MARGINS OF EACH OF SAID WIDE PORTIONS IN A GIVEN PLANE AND PRESSING THE METAL WITHIN THE INTERIOR CONTOUR OF SAID MARGINS OF EACH WIDE PORTION TO FORM RIDGES EXTENDING AT AN ACUTE ANGLE WITH SAID MARGINS AND PROTRUDING FROM ONE SIDE ONLY OF SAID SHEET AND PLANE, FORMING OPENINGS OF SUBSTANTIALLY WIDTH IN EACH WIDE PORTION WITH EACH SUCH OPENING SURROUNDED BY ONE OF SAID RIDGES, FORMING A SLOT IN EACH NARROW PORTION, FOLDING SAID SHEET INTO A STACK OF SAID WIDE PORTIONS IN PARALLEL RELATION, FORCING THE ADJACENT FACING SURFACES OF SAID WIDE PORTIONS TOGETHER INTO CONTACT, ATTACHING THE SAID ADJACENT FACING SURFACES OF SAID WIDE PORTIONS TOGETHER SO THAT SAID OPENINGS DETERMINE PASSAGES FOR A FLOW OF LIQUID SUCH AS OIL THROUGH THE WIDE PORTIONS CONSECUTIVELY, AND REMOVING AT LEAST SOME OF THE SHEET METAL OF SAID NARROW PORTIONS AT ONE SIDE OF THE STACK TO ACCOMMODATE THE FLOW OF A FLUID SUCH AS AIR IN PLANES PARALLEL WITH SAID WIDE PORTIONS.
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US9759494B2 (en) 2012-10-30 2017-09-12 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Heat exchanger plate and plate heat exchanger comprising such a heat exchanger plate
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CN106996707A (en) * 2015-12-11 2017-08-01 翰昂汽车零部件有限公司 Inside gassing characteristics for plate fin type heat exchanger
US20190178589A1 (en) * 2015-12-11 2019-06-13 Hanon Systems Internal degas feature for plate-fin heat exchangers
CN106996707B (en) * 2015-12-11 2021-05-04 翰昂汽车零部件有限公司 Internal degassing structure for plate-fin heat exchanger
US11486662B2 (en) * 2015-12-11 2022-11-01 Hanon Systems Internal degas feature for plate-fin heat exchangers
WO2023217205A1 (en) * 2022-05-11 2023-11-16 浙江三花汽车零部件有限公司 Heat exchanger

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