US3255097A - Method and apparatus for clarifying electrolyte - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for clarifying electrolyte Download PDF

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Publication number
US3255097A
US3255097A US201837A US20183762A US3255097A US 3255097 A US3255097 A US 3255097A US 201837 A US201837 A US 201837A US 20183762 A US20183762 A US 20183762A US 3255097 A US3255097 A US 3255097A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
tank
workpiece
electrode
flotation
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Expired - Lifetime
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US201837A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lynn A Williams
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Anocut Engineering Co
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Anocut Engineering Co
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Application filed by Anocut Engineering Co filed Critical Anocut Engineering Co
Priority to US201837A priority Critical patent/US3255097A/en
Priority to CH657963A priority patent/CH401296A/fr
Priority to GB22055/63A priority patent/GB986218A/en
Priority to FR937713A priority patent/FR1360125A/fr
Priority to DE19631546071 priority patent/DE1546071A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3255097A publication Critical patent/US3255097A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
    • B23H3/10—Supply or regeneration of working media

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for the clarifying of electrolyte used in electrolytic metal removal processes such as that disclosed, by way of example, in the copending application of Lynn A. Williams, Serial No. 772,960, filed November 10, 1958, for Electrolytic Shaping, now Patent No. 3,058,895, dated October 16, 1962, and in the copending application of Joseph L. Bender and Lynn A. Williams, Serial No. 37,766, filed June 21, 1960, for Electrolytic Cavity Sinking Apparatus and Method.
  • the object of this invention is to provide a simple and novel means of eliminating from the electrolyteused in such metalworking processes the products of decomposition of the metal work material which is removed during processing.
  • electrolytic metalworking it is possible to utilize two different kinds of electrolytes, one in which the work material which is removed by anodic action goes into a true solution in the electrolyte, and the other in which the work material is made to form insoluble salts, which usually go into electrolyte as finely divided particles.
  • This invention is concerned with electrolytes in which solid particles are formed.
  • Typical of such electrolytes are those formed by solutions of common salt (NaCl) in water.
  • common salt NaCl
  • other salts such as sodium nitrate or sodium fluoride or phosphates or other additive materials for special purposes, particularly for the improvement of finish on the work material.
  • alkali for the working of such materials as tungsten or in some instances acids may be added.
  • the amount of acid is excessive, it will frequently happen that .the products of decomposition of the Work material go into true solution, and in that case the electrolyte falls into the class with which this invention is not concerned.
  • This invention utilizes the principle of flotation for the purpose of obtaining separation, and an object of the invention is to achieve such separation with a minimum of apparatus extrinsic to that required in the metal removal process itself.
  • the invention utilizes the fact that in this type of metalworking operation, hydrogen is formed along with some other gases, and these gases, particularly the hydrogen, are utilized in such a way that some of the gas which is formed is attached to the fiocs of work material, so that it floats quite readily to the surface of a storage tank, where it may be readily removed by skimming.
  • the ram mechanism is mounted in a frame which also carries a work table, and it should be understood that the electrode is in one way or another electrically insulated from the work support, either by insulating the entirety of the ram mechanism from the remainder of the frame or by insulating the electrode mount intself from the face plate of the ram.
  • the ram is shown with a protective boot 14 so arranged as to prevent the ingress of electrolyte solution into the mechanism.
  • the electrode proper is mounted in a hollow header 16 and is connected by a conductor 18 of adequate electrical capacity to the negative side of a power supply unit which is not shown, but which is capable of supplying a low voltage (5 to 15 volts, high density (100 to 8000 :amperes per square inch) direct up to a saturated solution, then when the work material is steel the decomposition product is found to be iron hydroxide. This is found in finely divided particles which, however, tend to coalesce or flocculate to form visible flocs. This material, if it is allowed to accumulate in the electrolyte supply system, gradually thickens the mixture and, if a excessive amount is allowed to accumulate in the system, it impairs its satisfactory operation. Thus, it is necessary to remove this material.
  • the material to be removed is such that the filter areas, and consequently, the size of filtering equipment, must be quite large.
  • the material may also be removed by the use of a'centrifuge, but this equipment is also quite large and costly.
  • the material may also be removed by use of a settling tank, and here the addition of coagulating agents is helpful. Still, the size of the tank required for current between the work piece W and the electrode 10.
  • the work W is mounted on a work table 19 and is connected by a conductor 20 to the positive pole of the power supply unit (not shown).
  • the electrode 10 which is insulated on its interior and exterior surfaces, 'is here shown partly in section, and it should be understood that it has a central bore and a tip at the working end slightly larger than the diameter of the electrode after giving account to the external insulation which surrounds it.
  • a feed bushing 22 having a narrowed sealing section 24 adapted to press against the work.
  • the clamping means is shown symbolically by two arrows. It may take the form of mechanical clamps; toggle clamps, for example; or it may be of the hydraulically actuated type of the kind illustrated in the Bender and Williams application referred to above.
  • the feed bushing carries a recess 26 into which a conduit 28 is passed, usually consisting of a drilled hole, terminating at its exterior por- 3 tion with a thread to receive the coupling of a feed hose 30.
  • the feed hose 30 is adapted to deliver electrolyte under high pressure into the chamber 26.
  • the feed bushing 22 which is preferably made of an insulating material, is shown in section and is provided with a central bore through which the electrode passes. Into the central bore there are cut a number of labyrinth grooves 32, which increase the effectiveness of the seal between the guide bushing 22 and the electrode 10.
  • the electrolyte is supplied by a pressure pump 36.
  • the outlet of the pump communicates through conduit 38 to a T connection from which a bypass line 49 extends with a valve V1 inserted therein.
  • the other branch of the T leads through conduit 42 through valve V2 through a filter, and thence to the conduit 30 which feeds the electrolyte into the chamber 26 of the feed bushing 22.
  • Pressure gauges G1 and G2 are inserted respectively ahead of the bypass valve V1 and behind the feed valve V2.
  • Another gauge GZa may be inserted beyond the filter, as shown, so that in this way any pressure drop across the filter may be detected.
  • the filter here used is of relatively small size and is intended to protect against introduction of foreign partices, chips of metal, dirt, etc., and is not intended to remove the decomposed work material.
  • the electrolyte supply tank generally designated by the reference numeral 44 is divided by a partition 50 into a clear well 46 and a flotation well 48.
  • a conduit 52 is arranged to extend into the flotation well to a distance about one-third the height of the tank from its bottom and provide a passage through the partition 50 into the clear well at a level several inches below the top of the tank.
  • the right-hand wall 54 of the flotation well has a portion 55 which is slightly cut away at its upper edge, and a gutter 56 is welded to it, the gutter being closed at its ends.
  • the purpose of the gutter is to provide a convenient receptacle into which the accumulated flotated work material can be swept by skimming.
  • a valved conduit 58 is arranged to permit emptying the sludge-like material from the gutter 56 either into a drain 60 or, if desired, into a barrel or other receptacle.
  • conduit 34 which is flexible to accommodate movement of the electrode, and connects to a rigid conduit or pipe 62.
  • a gauge G3 is connected into this line, and the line is of size large enough so that the reading at gauge G3 indicates the back pressure within the hollow central portion of the electrode 10.
  • This back pressure is controlled by a valve V3 in line 62 and is found near the right side of the drawing just prior to the plate where conduit 62 enters into the flotation well 48 of the tank 44.
  • Conduit 62 terminates in a manifold tube 64 set as a cross T against the end of the conduit 4 62. This manifold tube extends across the width of the flotation well 48 and is provided with numerous small holes along its sides.
  • the used electrolyte passes through the flexible hose 34 into the conduit 62, through the valve V3, and then exits into the flotation well 48 through the manifold tube 64.
  • the valve V3 is adjusted in such a way that there is a back pressure, as indicated at the gauge G3, of the order of approximately one-third of the inlet pressure as measured at gauge G2a.
  • the inlet pressure will be 200 psi. and the exit pressure will be of the order of 50 to 75 p. s.i.
  • a cover 72 is provided to prevent inadvertent splattering of the material and electrolyte.
  • a tank 66 for makeup solution is shown, and is provided with a conduit 68 into which is placed a valve V4 so that from time to time makeup solution may be added to the clear well 46 to keep the entire level high enough in the floatation well so that the skimming of the scum of work material may be facilitated.
  • the conduit 52 does not extend all the way to the bottom but to a distance of the order of one-third the distance from the bottom to the surface, and at this point the liquid is substantially clear of solid material.
  • liquid is withdrawn from the clear well 46 by the pressure pump 36, and that portion which passes through the electrode 10 is returned into the flotation well 48, so that the level in the flotation well tends to rise until a flow is commenced through the conduit 52 to replenish the supply in the clear well.
  • The'portion of liquid which is passed through the bypass system through conduit 40 does not, of course, affect the total amount of liquid available at any time in the clear well, as it is simply recirculated. It is important to avoid recirculating any excess quantity of fluid in the flotation well 48, as excessive agitation will stir the scum which it is desired to have float to the surface back through the body of liquid in the flotation well.
  • this apparatus and method permit separation of the work material by flotation, without the addition of any special equipment for aeration or the like, but it is not beyond the scope of the invention to supp ement the flotation well or by adding oils or other agen s, including flocculating agents, to improve the effecti ness of the system.
  • pine oil and hous hold detergents have proved effective.
  • a perforat d header 74 is provided adjacent the bottom of the flotat on well 43, and it is connected to an air line 76 havin a manually operated valve V5 therein. When the additi nal air is required, the valve V5 is opened, and
  • the improvement comprising recovering from the work gap electrolyte under pressure in which particles of eroded workpiece material and gas bubbles formed during the electrolysis are entrained, conducting the pressurized electrolyte and entrained material and bubbles to a tank, entering the pressurized electrolyte and entrained material and bubbles into the tank substantially below the surface of the electrolyte therein which is maintained at an appreciably lower pressure than that of the entering electrolyte and simultaneously releasing the pressure on the entering electrolyte, permitting the gas bubbles to float flocs of the eroded material to the surface of the electrolyte in the tank, periodically skimming the flocs of eroded material from the surface of
  • the improvement comprising recovering from the work gap electrolyte under pressure in which insoluble salts of workpiece material and gas bubbles formed during the electrolysis are entrained, conducting the pressurized electrolyte and entrained salts and bubbles to a tank, entering the pressurized electrolyte and entrained salts and bubbles into the tank substantially below the surface of the electrolyte therein which is maintained at an appreciably lower pressure than that of the entering electrolyte and simultaneously releasing the pressure on the entering electrolyte, permitting the gas bubbles to float flocs of entrained salts to the surface of the electrolyte in the tank, periodically skimming the flocs of salts from the surface of
  • apparatus for electrolytically removing material from an electrically conductive and electrochemically erodable workpiece having a shaping electrode adapted to be brought into close spacing relationship with a work piece to define a work gap, means for pumping electrolyte under pressure to and through the work gap, and means connected to the electrode and the workpiece to pass an electrolyzing current between the electrode and the workpiece in a sense to make the workpiece anodic
  • the combination comprising an electrolyte flotation tank and a clear electrolyte tank, conduit means having its inlet connected to receive used electrolyte under pressure from the work gap and having its outlet in said floatation tank well below the top thereof and substantially below the surface of the electrolyte therein, a restriction in said conduit means to limit flow therethrough and to place a back pressure on the electrolyte in the work gap, so that electrolyte under pressure in which are entrained material eroded from the workpiece and gas bubbles formed during the electrolytic action is conducted to and entered into said flotation tank where the gas bubbles
  • apparatus for electrolytically removing material from an electrically conductive and electrochemically erodable workpiece having a shaping electrode adapted to be brought into close spacing relationship with a workpiece to define a work gap, means for pumping electrolyte under pressure to and through the work gap, and means connected to the electrode and the workpiece to pass an electrolyzing current between the electrode and the workpiece in a sense to make the workpiece anodic
  • the combination comprising a flotation tank and a clear tank, a manifold having a plurality of outlet openings therein in said flotation tank positioned closer to the bottom than the top thereof and substantially below the surface of the electrolyte therein, conduit means connecting said manifold to the work gap between the electrode and the workpiece, a valve in said conduit means to control flow therethrough and to place a back pressure on the electrolyte in the work gap, so that electrolyte under pressure in which are entrained material eroded from the workpiece and gas bubbles formed during the electrolytic action is conducted to and entered into said flo
  • apparatus for electrolytically removing material from an electrically conductive and electrochemically erodable workpiece having a shaping electrode adapted to be brought into close spacing relationship with a workpiece to define a work gap, means for pumping electrolyte under pressure to and through the work gap, and
  • the combination comprising an electrolyte ank, a wall dividing said tank into a flotation well a a clear well, a manifold having a plurality of outlet openings therein in said flotation well positioned close to the)a ottom than the top thereof and substantially below the surface of the electrolyte therein, conduit means connecting said manifold to the work gap between the, electrode and the workpiece, a restriction in said conduit means to limit flow therethrough and to place a back pressure on the electrolyte in the work gap, so that electrolyte under pressure in which are entrained material eroded from the workpiece and gas bubbles formed during the electrolytic action is conducted to and entered into said flotation well where the gas bubbles
  • an electrolyzing current between the electrode and the workpiece in a sense to make the workpiece anodic comprising an electrolyte tank, a wall dividing said tank into a flotation well and a clear well, a manifold having a plurality of outlet openings therein in said flotation well positioned closer to the bottom than the top thereof and substantially below the surface of the electrolyte therein, conduit means connecting said manifold to the Work gap between the electrode and the workpiece, a valve in said conduit means to control flow therethrough and to place a back pressure on the electrolyte in the work gap, so that electrolyte under pressure in which are entrained material eroded from the workpiece and gas bubbles formed during the electrolytic action is conducted to and entered into said flotation Well where the gas bubbles ,float the material to the top of the electrolyte from which the material may be skimmed, means whereby the electrolyte in said flotation well is maintained at an appreciably lower pressure than the pressure of the electrolyte received from said conduit
  • apparatus for electrolytically removing material from an electrically conductive and electrochemically erodable workpiece having a shaping electrode adapted to be brought into close spacing relationship with a workwall between said flotation well and said clear well and having an inlet in said flotation well substantially below the top thereof and remote from said manifold and an outlet adjacent the top of said clear well so that a higher electrolyte level in said flotation well will force clarified electrolyte from said flotation well to, said clear well for reuse.
  • apparatus for electrolytically removing material from an electrically conductive and electrochemically erodable workpiece having a shaping electrode adapted to be brought into close spacing relationship with a workpiece to define a Work gap, means for pumping electrolyte under pressure to and through the work gap, and
  • the combination comprising an electrolyte tank, a Wall dividing said tank into a flotation well and a clearwell, a manifold in said flotation well positioned closer to the bottom than the top thereof and substantially below the surface of the electrolyte therein, said manifold havmg a plurality of outlet openings therefrom, conduit means connecting said manifold to the Work gapbetween the electrode and the workpiece, a valve in said conduit means to control flow therethrough and to place a back pressure on the electrolyte in the work gap, so that electrolyte under pressure in which are entrained material eroded from the workpiece and gas bubbles formed during the electrolytic action is conducted to and entered into said flotation well where the gas bubbles float the material to the top of the electrolyte, means whereby the electrolyte in said flotation well is maintained at an appreciably lower pressure than the pres
  • skimming means includes means for blowing a stream of air across the surface of the electrolyte in said flotation tank to remove the floated material.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
US201837A 1962-06-12 1962-06-12 Method and apparatus for clarifying electrolyte Expired - Lifetime US3255097A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201837A US3255097A (en) 1962-06-12 1962-06-12 Method and apparatus for clarifying electrolyte
CH657963A CH401296A (fr) 1962-06-12 1963-05-27 Procédé d'usinage électrolytique
GB22055/63A GB986218A (en) 1962-06-12 1963-06-04 Improvements in or relating to a method and apparatus for electrolytically removing material from a workpiece
FR937713A FR1360125A (fr) 1962-06-12 1963-06-11 Procédé d'usinage électrolytique
DE19631546071 DE1546071A1 (de) 1962-06-12 1963-06-11 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrolytischen Materialbearbeitung

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201837A US3255097A (en) 1962-06-12 1962-06-12 Method and apparatus for clarifying electrolyte

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US3255097A true US3255097A (en) 1966-06-07

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CH (1) CH401296A (fr)
DE (1) DE1546071A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB986218A (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3399125A (en) * 1964-01-28 1968-08-27 Hitachi Ltd Electrochemical machining in a pressurized chamber substantially without the formation of gas bubbles
US3410781A (en) * 1964-11-27 1968-11-12 Ex Cell O Corp Electrochemical machining apparatus for internal surface deburring
US3445372A (en) * 1965-12-13 1969-05-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp Apparatus for electrochemically removing the surface layer from a workpiece
US3547800A (en) * 1967-05-29 1970-12-15 Fairbanks Morse Inc Apparatus and method for purifying waste waters
US3878352A (en) * 1973-04-21 1975-04-15 Inoue Japax Res Electrical discharge machine with evolved-gas detoxification
US3992300A (en) * 1972-09-27 1976-11-16 Trw Inc. Apparatus for controlling iron content of a zinc phosphating bath
US4040920A (en) * 1975-05-21 1977-08-09 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Method of preventing pollution of sludge formed by electrolytic etching work
US4880516A (en) * 1987-06-23 1989-11-14 Shizuoka Seiki Co., Ltd. Electro-chemical machine
US4992641A (en) * 1988-08-19 1991-02-12 Josef Budin Apparatus for preparing a machining liquid of an electroerosion machine
US5714054A (en) * 1995-09-15 1998-02-03 Frembgen; Fritz-Herbert Process for cleaning the electrolyte of an electrochemical machining process
CN108188509A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-22 常州工学院 一种电解加工电解液在线自动过滤装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2247204A (en) * 1990-08-23 1992-02-26 Rolls Royce Plc Flaw of dielectric fluid in electrical discharge machining

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1376459A (en) * 1918-09-03 1921-05-03 Pedersen Nils Process for separating solid particles from suspension
GB335003A (en) * 1929-07-24 1930-09-18 Wladimir Gusseff Method and apparatus for the electrolytic treatment of metals
US2765919A (en) * 1952-04-23 1956-10-09 Juell Fredrik Process for the separation of suspended material from water by flotation and apparatus therefor
US2895814A (en) * 1955-02-04 1959-07-21 Turko Products Inc Apparatus and method for removing metal from the surface of a metal object
US2939825A (en) * 1956-04-09 1960-06-07 Cleveland Twist Drill Co Sharpening, shaping and finishing of electrically conductive materials

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1376459A (en) * 1918-09-03 1921-05-03 Pedersen Nils Process for separating solid particles from suspension
GB335003A (en) * 1929-07-24 1930-09-18 Wladimir Gusseff Method and apparatus for the electrolytic treatment of metals
US2765919A (en) * 1952-04-23 1956-10-09 Juell Fredrik Process for the separation of suspended material from water by flotation and apparatus therefor
US2895814A (en) * 1955-02-04 1959-07-21 Turko Products Inc Apparatus and method for removing metal from the surface of a metal object
US2939825A (en) * 1956-04-09 1960-06-07 Cleveland Twist Drill Co Sharpening, shaping and finishing of electrically conductive materials

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3399125A (en) * 1964-01-28 1968-08-27 Hitachi Ltd Electrochemical machining in a pressurized chamber substantially without the formation of gas bubbles
US3410781A (en) * 1964-11-27 1968-11-12 Ex Cell O Corp Electrochemical machining apparatus for internal surface deburring
US3445372A (en) * 1965-12-13 1969-05-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp Apparatus for electrochemically removing the surface layer from a workpiece
US3547800A (en) * 1967-05-29 1970-12-15 Fairbanks Morse Inc Apparatus and method for purifying waste waters
US3992300A (en) * 1972-09-27 1976-11-16 Trw Inc. Apparatus for controlling iron content of a zinc phosphating bath
US3878352A (en) * 1973-04-21 1975-04-15 Inoue Japax Res Electrical discharge machine with evolved-gas detoxification
US4040920A (en) * 1975-05-21 1977-08-09 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Method of preventing pollution of sludge formed by electrolytic etching work
US4880516A (en) * 1987-06-23 1989-11-14 Shizuoka Seiki Co., Ltd. Electro-chemical machine
US4992641A (en) * 1988-08-19 1991-02-12 Josef Budin Apparatus for preparing a machining liquid of an electroerosion machine
US5714054A (en) * 1995-09-15 1998-02-03 Frembgen; Fritz-Herbert Process for cleaning the electrolyte of an electrochemical machining process
GB2305134B (en) * 1995-09-15 2000-03-29 Frembgen Fritz Herbert Process and apparatus for cleaning the electrolyte liquid of an electrical-erosion metal-machining process
CN108188509A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-22 常州工学院 一种电解加工电解液在线自动过滤装置
CN108188509B (zh) * 2017-12-28 2020-07-28 常州工学院 一种电解加工电解液在线自动过滤装置

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Publication number Publication date
CH401296A (fr) 1965-10-31
GB986218A (en) 1965-03-17
DE1546071A1 (de) 1969-09-18

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