Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
  • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
  • C11D10/042—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on anionic surface-active compounds and soap
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
  • C11D17/006—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets containing mainly surfactants, but no builders, e.g. syndet bar
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
  • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
  • C11D9/22—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins
  • C11D9/26—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing oxygen
  • C11D9/267—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing oxygen containing free fatty acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/16—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from divalent or polyvalent alcohols

Definitions

• This invention relates to personal use washing compositions in the form of a bar. Specifically, it relates to an improved milled toilet bar containing soap, which bar does not crack or smear objectionally during use.
• the ordinary bar of soap has generally acceptable physical characteristics during ordinary usage. However, when a bar is in continuous contact with water, such as might occur while the bar is sitting in a soap dish, the bar takes up water, which softens the bar surface. This softening of the bar results in a slimy appearance and feel and also results in wastage. The softened portion of the bar is referred to as smear. Excess smear is undesirable because it results in bar wastage and in washstand mess. Some smear is unavoidable since a bar which lathers well invariably has some smear.
• soap having from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms, at least 15% by weight of said soap having from about 8 to about 14 car bon atoms and the rest having from about 14 to 20 carbon atoms, the cation of said soap being selected from the group consisting of sodium and a mixture of sodium and potassium cations such that no more than about 25 by weight of said soap is potassium soap;
• R is an alkyl chain containing from about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms
• X and M are cations selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, ammonium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine, magnesium, and hydrogen cations
• Filler materials, minor additives and inert ingredients, if desired, can make up any balance.
• the sodium and potassium soaps which are used in for- 3,247,121 Patented Apr. 19, 1955 mulating these bar-s are the soaps of higher fatty acids.
• the soap will normally be no more than about 25 by Weight potassium soap Since the presence of potassium soap will tend to make the bars softer.
• a range of specific chain lengths is given, it will be under-stood that the use of mixtures of these acids derived from natural sources is usual in soap preparation.
• cononut oil is used herein in connection with free fatty acid and soap it refers to fatty acid mixtures having an approximate carbon chain length distribution of: 8% C 7% C 48% C 17% C 9% C 2% C oleic, and 20% linoleic (the first six fatty acids listed being saturated).
• coconut oil sources having similar carbon chain length distribution such as palm kernel oil and babassu kernel oil are included within the term coconut oil.
• tallow refers to fatty acid mixtures having an appropriate carbon chain length distribution Of C14, C16, C18, palmitoleic, oleic, and 3% linoleic (the first three fatty acids listed are saturated).
• Other mixtures with similar distribution such as the fatty acids derived from various animal tallows and lard, are also useful.
• coconut oil fatty acids ordinarily have a sutiiciently low content of unsaturated fatty acids to have satisfactory keeping qualities without further treatment. As is customary, however, the fatty acid-s are hydrogenated to decrease the amount of unsaturation (especially polyunsaturation of the fatty acid mixture listed above).
• At least 15 of the soap used in these bars and preferably more, should be of the shorter chain fatty acids of from about 8 to 14 carbon atoms, prefer-ably coconut oil soap, in order to provide good lathering properties. At least 25% of these shorter chain fatty acids should contain 12 carbon atoms for the same reason. It is desirable, however, that a substantial portion of the soap has fatty acid chain lengths of from 14 to 20 carbons, preferably tallow soap, in order to impart creaminess and mildness to the lather.
• the soap will ordinarily be prepared from hydrogenated fatty acids with an Iodine Value (I.V.) of from about 1 to about 55.
• the tal-low fatty acids will ordinarily have an I.V. of from about 40 to about 55 and the coconut fatty acids Will ordinarily have an I.V of from about 1 to about 8.
• Compatable synthetic detergent surfactants can be present in an amount from 0.0 to about 0.85 part per part of the soap.
• a synthetic detergent surfactant is used, there should be at least 0.05 part of said surfactant per part soap in order to achieve the benefits of increased detergency and reduced deposition of insoluble soap curd.
• the maximum amount is set by the presence of the other bar ingredients and the physical characteristics of the bar. Too much synthetic detergent surfactant makes it difficult to keep smear from becoming objectionable.
• This synthetic detergent surfactant can be selected from a wide class of anionic detergent surfactants. Selection of this surfactant is made on the basis of lathering and curd dispersing characteristics, physical characteristics of the bar, and economic considerations.
• anionic synthetic detergent surfactants which can be used in the bar are: alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates; alkyl sulfates; alkyl monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates; alkyl polyethenoxy ether sulfates; acyl sarcosinates; acyl esters of isethionates; acyl N-methyl taurides; alkyl benzene sulfonates; and alkyl phenol polyethenoxy sulfonates, wherein the can be removed with a spatula.
• alkyl and acyl groups contain from about to about carbon atoms.
• Other anionic synthetic detergents include dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinic acid (e.g., the dihexyl ester); the sulfated and neutralized reaction product of a fatty amine and hydroxy acetic acid; the salts of the higher fatty alcohol esters of sulfo carboxylic acids (e.g., sodium salt of the lauroyl ester of sulfo acetic acid); and the salt of an ester of a straight chain primary alcohol and an alpha sulfonated fatty acid (e.g., the sodium salt of the methyl ester of alpha Snlfonated tallow fatty acids).
• dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinic acid e.g., the dihexyl ester
• the salts of the higher fatty alcohol esters of sulfo carboxylic acids e.g., sodium salt of
• These compounds are used in the form of water-soluble salts, for example, the sodium, potassium, ammonium, and alkylammonium salts.
• Specific examples include sodium lauryl sulfate; potassium N-methyl lauroyl tauride; triethanolamine dodecyl benzene sulfonate; and sodium coconut alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate.
• an alpha sulfonated fatty acid compound as hereinbefore described improves the physical characteristics, such as smear, of a bar containing soap and improves the character of the lather (voluminous, thick, small bubbles). There is also a reduction, especially in a bar containing only soap and said alpha sulfonated fatty acid compound, in the amount of soap curd formed; the sulfonated fatty acid compound acts as an effective curd dispersant.
• the outer layer can be removed by means of a light wipe with a finger and the inner layer
• the total of these two smear layers is much less for the bars of this invention after prolonged soaking in a soap dish, such as would occur overnight, than in a similar bar which does not contain the alpha sulfonated fatty acid compound.
• the outer layer of smear is also less, but an even more dramatic improvement in the character of the smear is obtained in the bars of this invention.
• the outer layer of smears in ordinary bars containing soap is fairly viscous, pasty, and stringy. The characteristics slimy feel of this smear is considered objectionable by many people. This outer layer in ordinary bars remains as a discrete phase when placed in water and does not readily disperse.
• the smear improving compound of this invention in even small amounts to ordinary soap boars, changes the character of this smear.
• the outer layer of smear of the bars of this invention is immediately dispersible in water so that the user of the bar is not so forcibly reminded of the amount of the bar which is wasted and after an initial application of water the user of the bar is able to use a bar with an acceptable firm feel instead of a viscous, slimy, pasty feel.
• At least 0.5% by weight of the bar of soap of the alpha-sulfonated fatty acid compound should be included.
• the maximum amount of by weight of the bar is determined by physical characteristics of the bar such as cracking.
• the carbon chain lengths for the alpha sulfonated fatty acid compound (C C are chosen so as to give maximum smear improvement and not to provide a bar which is either too soft or too hard. in a milled bar the maximum amount of alpha sulfonated fatty acid compound used should be about 20% since the compound is electrolytic in charderived from natural sources.
• alpha sulfonated fatty acid compound examples include the monosodium and disodium salt of alpha sulfonated tallow fatty acids, the monoand dimagnesium salts of alpha sulfonat-ed palmitic acid, the triethanolammonium salts of a-sulfonated stearic acid and alpha sulfonated tallow fatty acid.
• the fatty acids which are used as such in the preferred bars of this invention vary in carbon chain length from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms. It will be understood that the usual usage is of mixtures of fatty acids A preferred mixture of fatty acids is coconut oil fatty acids as hereinbefore described. These acids preferably constitute a substantial portion of the fatty acids used in the bar and the rest is preferably tallow fatty acids as hereinbefore described.
• the fatty acid component of the preferred bar should range in carbon chain length from 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the I.V. of these free fatty acids will normally range from about 1 to about 30.
• the tallow fatty acids will have an I.V. of from about 10 to about 30 and the coconut fatty acids will have an I.V. of from about 1 to about 8.
• This fatty acid should be present in an amount from zero to about 0.30 part per part soap, but not more than about 15% by weight of the bar.
• a minimum of 0.05 part per part soap is used in order to plasticize the bar and, build the lather and improve lather qualities. More than about 0.30 part per part soap of the fatty acid is undesirable since any further increase results in a decrease in these properties. Less than 0.05 part per part soap of the fatty acid can be used but without substantial improvement in these lather properties.
• Alkali metal inorganic salts e.g., potassium and sodium sulfates and chlorides
• inorganic salts there is a minimum of about 2% of these inorganic salts. Excess inorganic salts tend to crystallize at the surface of the bar, creating an unacceptable surface.
• inert ingredients such as insoluble soap, starch, finely divided clays, etc., may be added, if desired, in amounts up to about 15 of the bar without altering the desirable bar characteristics of this invention.
• the bars of this invention can be prepared by forming a homogeneous aqueous mixture of the soap, alpha sulfonated fatty acid compound, inorganic salts and, if
• a compatible synthetic detergent surfactant and drying this mixture to granules or flakes containing 0% to moisture.
• This granular material is then blended with the free fatty acid component and additional water as necessary and formed into a bar by milling, plodding, etc., and then stamping in conventional manners.
• the fatty acid can be added before drying of the aqueous mixture, if desired.
• Example 1' The bars of this example were for-med by adding the soap; the salts of the alpha sulfonated fatty acids; the synthetic detergent surfactant; the inorganic salts and, all but compositions 9-12, the fatty acid to water in a crutcher to form an intimate aqueous mixture.
• the mixture was roll-dried to flakes with about 1% moisture. These flakes were then amalgamated with water and the optional ingredients, i.e., dye, opacifier, microbial inhibitor, and, in the case of compositions 9-12, fatty acid, and a bar was formed by milling at approximately 96 F. on a three-roll mill for three passes, plodding and replodding at about 108 :F. and cutting and stamping. the bars in conventional equipment.
• coconut as referred to in these examples applies to a distribution of carbon chain lengths which is approximately as follows: 8% C 7% C 48% C 17% C 9% C 2% C 7% o-leic, and 2% lineolic (the first six fatty acid-s listed are saturated).
• lineolic the first six fatty acid-s listed are saturated.
• tallow as referred to in these examples indicates a carbon chain length distribution approximately as follows: C 2.5%, C 28%, C 23%, palmitoleic 2%, oleic 41.5%, and linoleic 3% (the first free fatty acids listed are saturated).
• Substitution of other synthetic detergent surfactants e.g., sodium coconut al kyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and sodium coconut alkyl ethylene oxide ether sulfate for the synthetic detergent surfactants of compositions 5-16 provides substantially equivalent results.
• Substitution of soaps derived from other sources having similar chain length distributions to coconut and tallow soaps such as palm kernel oil, babassu kernel oil, lard, and other animal tallow soaps can be substituted for the soap of compositions 1-16 with substantially equivalent results.
• compositions 1, 5, 9 and 13 are blanks and that composition 4 is outside the scope of the invention since it was tested for lathering and failed to lather at all. In general, the other bars, when tested, proved to be very good lathering bars having excellent physical properties.
• Bars with the following composition are especialy advan-tageous.
• a personal use milled toilet bar consisting essentially of:
• soap having from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms, at least 15% by Weight of said soap having from about 8 to 14 carbon atoms and any remaining soap having from about 14 to about 20 carbon atoms, the cation of said soap being selected from the group consisting of sodium and a mixture of sodium and potassium cations such that no more than 25% by weight of the soap is potassium soap;
• COMPOSITION (PERCENT BY WEIGHT) Compositions 1 3 4 5 7 s 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 Sodium coconut soap 34.2 29.9 27.9 20.2 35.9 35.3 34.8 33.6 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.5 53.6 56.6 52.0 40.7 Sodium tallow soap 51.0 38.0 28.2 33.0 27.1 20.7 26.2 25.4 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 Disodium iii-sulfonated tallow fatty acid 2. 5 5. 0 10. 0 Coconut fatty acid 7.5 5.0 0 5.1 5.1 5.1 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.5 Tallow fatty acid 0 0 0 5.
• salts (2) from 0.0 to about 0.85 part per part by weight of alpha sulfonated fatty acids to bars containing soap of the soluble soap of a compatible non-soap aniresults in improved smear.
• addlonic synthetic detergent surfactant tion of the salt effected decreased smear.
• com-posi- (3) from about 0.5% to about 30% by Weight of a tions 5-9, substitution of the salt for coconut fatty acid compound, which improves smear characteristics, eifected decreased smear in a bar containing another with the formula: synthetic detergent surfactant in addition to the salt H O itself.
• compositions 9-12 and 13-16 sub u stitution of the salt for tallow fatty acid and for coconut R CC OTM soap respectively also effected a decrease in smear.
• S 03X The outer layer 0f smear on these bu-IS containing the wherein R is an alkyl chain containing from about salts of alpha sulfonated fatty acids also exhibited the 6 to ab ut 20 carbon atoms nd X d M are cations selected from the group. consisting of alkali metal, ammo nium, monoethanolamine, diet-hanolamine, triethanolamine, hydrogen and magnesium cations.
• alkali metal inorganic salts selected from the group sisting of sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium chloride.
• composition of claim 1 containing at least 0.05 part per part by weight of the soap of a compatible non-soap anionic synthetic detergent surfactant; no more than 20% by weight of component 3; at least 0.05 part per part by weight of the soap of fatty acid having from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms; from 2% to about 12% by weight of water; and from about 4% to about by weight of component 6.
• composition of claim 2 wherein the compatible non-soap anionic synthetic detergent surfactant is sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate, the alkyl group containing from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms.
• composition of claim 4 in which component 3 is in the form of its disodioum salt is in the form of its disodioum salt.
• composition of claim 2 wherein the compatible non-soap anionic synthetic detergent surfactant is the sodium salt of the methyl ester of alpha sulfonated tallow fatty acids.
• composition of claim 1 wherein at least 20% by weight of the soap has chain lengths higher than 14 carbon atoms.

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• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Cited By (32)

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Citations (7)

• 1962
  • 1962-04-30 US US191271A patent/US3247121A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1963
  • 1963-04-26 SE SE4639/63A patent/SE315673B/xx unknown
  • 1963-04-30 FI FI0888/63A patent/FI41182B/fi active
  • 1963-04-30 GB GB16950/63A patent/GB999895A/en not_active Expired
• 1964
  • 1964-05-04 NL NL6404930A patent/NL6404930A/xx unknown
  • 1964-05-22 BE BE648341D patent/BE648341A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (7)

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