US2867586A - Synthetic detergent bar compositions - Google Patents
Synthetic detergent bar compositions Download PDFInfo
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- US2867586A US2867586A US627960A US62796056A US2867586A US 2867586 A US2867586 A US 2867586A US 627960 A US627960 A US 627960A US 62796056 A US62796056 A US 62796056A US 2867586 A US2867586 A US 2867586A
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- salts
- synthetic detergent
- sodium
- acid
- detergent bar
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- 239000000271 synthetic detergent Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 35
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 25
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O triethanolammonium Chemical class OCC[NH+](CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 12
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical class [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 5
- XQITUXIEASXIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfooctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O XQITUXIEASXIMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical class [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 sodium triethanolammonium salt Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UPDATVKGFTVGQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;azane Chemical compound N.[Na+] UPDATVKGFTVGQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CJAJEZSCULAKCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-sulfohexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O CJAJEZSCULAKCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- KCIDZIIHRGYJAE-YGFYJFDDSA-L dipotassium;[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O KCIDZIIHRGYJAE-YGFYJFDDSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003000 extruded plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005472 straight-chain saturated fatty acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/37—Mixtures of compounds all of which are anionic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
- Y10S516/03—Organic sulfoxy compound containing
- Y10S516/04—Protein or carboxylic compound containing
Definitions
- synthetic detergent bars have suffered from several defects. They may be expensive to manufacture and not susceptible to manufacture in conventional soap bar equipment. They may be sticky or tacky, with objectionable de-fatting action on the human skin. They may lack desirable lathering characteristics, and not be very effective in hard Water. They may be too water soluble and waste away rapidly in use, or contain large amounts of inert non-detergent filler added in an attempt to minimize other defects.
- An object of our invention is to provide synthetic detergent compositions which may be readily processed into bars in conventional soap bar forming equipment.
- a particular object is to provide synthetic detergent compositions which have sufiicient body and firmness so that the addition of inert, non-detergent filler is unnecessary in the manufacture of the detergent bars.
- Another object is to provide synthetic detergent bars having in use a favorable neutral reaction or a mildly acid reaction similar to the pH of the human skin.
- a further object is to provide synthetic detergent bars which are effective in hard water, have good lathering properties, and do not form undesirable curds, scums, films or deposits. Other objects of the invention will be apparent in further description.
- CH (CH CH(SO K)CO K are recognized to have detergent properties but have not found wide general use as detergents because of certain deficiencies, including limited solubility in water at room temperature, inadequate foaming properties, and inferior detergency at low concentrations.
- the sodium or potassium salts of a-sulfonated saturated long chain fatty acids of the synthetic detergent bar composition of our invention have the general Formula I H SOaM (Formula'I) where R is a long straight chain alkyl group of 14 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably C H or C H M is Na or K and M is Na, K or H.
- ammonium or substituted ammonium salts of asulfonated straight chain saturated fatty acids of the improved synthetic detergent bar compositions of our invention have the general Formulas II or III:
- R is a long straight chain alkyl group of 14 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably C H or C H M is Na or K, and M" is an amonium or substituted ammonium radical, preferably NH, or
- the improved synthetic detergent bar composition of our invention may comprise from 4090% by weight of the sodium or potassium salts of Formula I with 10-60% by weight of the ammonium or substituted ammonium salts of Formulas II and III.
- the ratios of the different salts and the degree of neutralization of the carboxyl group are readily controllable to produce an improved synthetic detergent bar with a neutral or a mildly acid reaction in use, similar to the pH of the human skin.
- the adequately soluble acid magnesium salt, magnesium u-sulfopalmitic acid magnesium u-sulfopalmitic acid
- ammonium or substituted ammonium salts can be used to supplement the lathering properties of the ammonium or substituted ammonium salts.
- the composition has the mole ratio 79 disodium salt: 21 mono triethanolammonium salt and the gram equivalent proportion 79.2 sodium: 10.4 triethanolammonium: 10.4 carboxylic hydrogen.
- the improved synthetic detergent bar compositions of our invention are sufiiciently plastic to be readily processed into attractive bars in conventional soap bar forming equipment, and are also easily handled in smaller scale plodding, milling andpressing operations in the laboratory, as well.
- the bars so formed are free from the defects usually attributed to synthetic detergent bars. They are not sticky or tacky, and have no objectionable de-fatting action on the human skin. They are very etfective in hardwater, have controlled solubility, have excellent lathering characteristics, and are especially efiicient in difiicult cleaning operations, removing grease and grime and the like without the necessity of an incorporated harsh abrasive.
- the required salts of the a-sulfonated long chain saturated fatty acids can be readily manufactured in an in-f' expensive process.
- the a-sulfonated long chain saturated" fatty acids obtained from the reaction of sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfonic acid with the saturated fatty acids can be isolated, if desired, in good yield.
- the isolated a-Sillfonated acids can then be readily converted to the desired salts which are then intimately mixed to form the improved synthetic detergent bar composition.
- the desired salts can be formed directly fromi TABLE 1 Improved synthetic detergent bar compositions V [Ratios of Two Types of Salts (Na or K Type: N114 or Substituted NH; Type) Gram equivalent proportions Ammonium or substituted Weight Mole H No. Sodium or potassium type ammonium type ratio ratio of salts of salts N a or NH; or H from K NH(0;H OH)3 CODE;
- the monosodium or monopotassium salt by mixing with a calculated amount of aqueous ammonia, aqueous triethanolamine, or other aqueous nitrogenous base, is partially transformed to a mixed salt (Formula 11) without complete neutralization of the carboxyl group.
- the intimate mixing and partial transformation to the mixed salt is advantageously accomplished in crutching, milling or plodding or similar steps in the course of formation of the improved synthetic detergent bar.
- the fatty acids which are a-sulfonated with sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfonic acid may be individual fatty acids such as palmitic or stearic acid, or may be commercial saturated fatty acids with a high content of palmitic and stearic acid and a. low iodine value.
- the saturated acids of tallow or the fatty acids of hydrogenated tallow are eminently suitable.
- Table I illustrates, but is not restrictive of, the improved synthetic detergent bar compositions of our invention.
- the figures given are on the dry basis, exclusive of water, small amounts of whitening or coloring agent, lanolin, perfume, and the like.
- the water content is preferably in the range of 9 to 16%, usually about 12%, of the weight of the finished bar, but the actual value is not considered critical.
- the addition of a small amount of solubilized lanolin, shown in Example 1 to be readily feasible, is not considered a significant factor in the process.
- EXAMPLE 1 A mixture of 1050 grams of the disodium salts of a-sulfonated hydrogenated tallow acids (RCH (SO Na) CO Na average molecular weight 397), 350 grams of the corresponding acid triethanolammonium salts (RCH(SO NH(C H OH) )CO H average molecular weight 502), 15 grams of solubilized lanolin and 160 ml. of water was processed in a small scale plodder. The extruded plastic strands were easily stamped into firm, smooth bars which had excellent cleansing and lathering properties in soft or hard water.
- composition corresponds to No. 6 of Table I.
- EXAMPLE 2 Eight milliliters of 17.5% aqueous ammonia were added to 50 grams of the monosodium salts of u-sulfonated hydrogen tallow acids (RCH(SO Na)CO I-I) while being processed on a two-roll mill. The homogeneous product was readily pressed into firm smooth bars. Hand Washing tests showed excellent foaming and cleansing properties. The composition corresponds to No. 1 of Table I.
- EXAMPLE 3 Triethanolamine was added as 6.6 grams of a 47% aqueous solution to 30 grams of the monosodium salts of a-sulfonated hydrogenated tallow acids (RCH(SO Na)CO H) during the milling process on a two-roll mill. The homogeneous product was easily pressed to a firm smooth bar which exhibited good foaming and cleansing properties. The composition corresponds to No. 2 of Table I.
- EXAMPLE 4 A mixture of 45 grams of sodium wsulfostearic acid, 5 grams of triethanolammonium a-sulfostearic acid and 6 ml. of water milled on a two-roll mill was easily pressed to a firm smooth bar which exhibited good cleansing and lathering properties. The, composition corresponds to No. 9 of Table I.
- EXAMPLE 5 A mixture of 40 grams of sodium u-sulfostearic acid, 5 grams of magnesium u-sulfopalmitic acid 5 grams of triethanolamine and 6 ml. of water was milled on a two-roll mill and pressed into firm smooth bars which had good foaming and cleansing properties. On a dry basis the composition has the weight proportion 54 sodium a-sulfostearic acid: 36 sodium triethanolammonium a-sulfostearate: l0 magnesium ot-sulfopalmitic acid, the corresponding mole proportions 60:28:12 and the gram equivalent proportion 45 sodium: 15 triethanolammonium: 3 magnesium: 37 carboxylic hydrogen.
- a synthetic detergent bar consisting essentially of, on the active dry detergent basis, from 4090% by weight of salts of alpha-sulfonated fatty acids of the general formula,
- salts of alpha-sulfonated fatty acids selected from the group consisting of where R is a straight chain alkyl group of from 14-22 carbon atoms, M is selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium, M is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, and hydrogen, and M" is selected from the group consisting of ammonium and triethanolammonium, the amount of carboxylic hydrogen in said salts always constituting from about 4% to about 50% of the total gram equivalents of sodium, potassium, ammonium, triethanolammonium, and carboxylic hydrogen.
- a synthetic detergent bar composition as in claim 1 in which the proportionsof sodium and potassium are from 46 to 92 gram atoms, the proportions of ammonium and triethanolammonium are from 4-28 gram equivalents, and the proportions of carboxylic hydrogen are from 4-50 gram atoms, the sum of the three in every wherein M is selected from the group consisting of -'NH; and NH(C H OH) and R is a straight chain alkyl group of from 1422 carbon atoms.
- a synthetic detergent bar composition consisting essentially of, on the dry active detergent basis, from 60 to 90% by weight of a salt of an a-sulfonated fatty acid selected from the group consisting of OOzNa and 1;! 803K R-C COzK and from 10 to 40% by weight of a salt of an a-sulfonated fatty acid selected from the group consisting of H SO3NH4 CO H and v H SsNH( G2H H)a COIH where R is a straight chain alkyl group of from 14-22 carbon atoms.
- a synthetic detergent bar composition consisting essentially'of, on the dry active detergent 'ba sis' from .40-% by weight of a salt of-an u-sulfonated fatty 'acid of the formula r H $03M 7 I/ R- C C0211 and from 20-60% by weight of a salft of an a-sulfonated fatty acid of the formula 1'1 s03M R-C V 0 02M 7
- R is a straight chain 22 carbon atoms
- M is selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium
- M is selected from the group consisting of --'-NH and -NH(C H OH) 6.
- R is the straight chain alkyl radical selected from the group consisting of I and mixtures of CH (CH and CH (CH derived from a member selected from the group consisting of commercial stearic acid, the saturated acids of tallow, and hydrogenated tallow fatty acids.
Description
assasss 1 SYNTHETIC DETERGENT nan cor irosrTroNs Application December 12, 1956 Serial No. 627,960
6 Claims. (Cl. 252-452) (Granted under Title 35, U. S. Code (1952), sec. 265} No Drawing.
A non-exclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free license in the invention herein described, throughout the world for all purposes of the United States Government, with power to grant sublicenses for such purposes, is hereby granted to the Government of the United States of America.
This application is a continuation-in-part of application S. N. 578,850, filed April 17, 1956, and relates to improved synthetic detergent bar compositions comprising a mixture of sodium or potassium salts of OL-SllifO- nated, long straight chain saturated acids and corresponding ammonium or substituted ammonium salts.
Heretofore, synthetic detergent bars have suffered from several defects. They may be expensive to manufacture and not susceptible to manufacture in conventional soap bar equipment. They may be sticky or tacky, with objectionable de-fatting action on the human skin. They may lack desirable lathering characteristics, and not be very effective in hard Water. They may be too water soluble and waste away rapidly in use, or contain large amounts of inert non-detergent filler added in an attempt to minimize other defects.
An object of our invention is to provide synthetic detergent compositions which may be readily processed into bars in conventional soap bar forming equipment. A particular object is to provide synthetic detergent compositions which have sufiicient body and firmness so that the addition of inert, non-detergent filler is unnecessary in the manufacture of the detergent bars. Another object is to provide synthetic detergent bars having in use a favorable neutral reaction or a mildly acid reaction similar to the pH of the human skin. A further object is to provide synthetic detergent bars which are effective in hard water, have good lathering properties, and do not form undesirable curds, scums, films or deposits. Other objects of the invention will be apparent in further description.
Sodium or potassium salts of ot-sulfonated long chain saturated acids such as sodium a-sulfopahnitic acid,
13CH or dipotassium a-sulfostearate,
CH (CH CH(SO K)CO K are recognized to have detergent properties but have not found wide general use as detergents because of certain deficiencies, including limited solubility in water at room temperature, inadequate foaming properties, and inferior detergency at low concentrations.
We have discovered that improved synthetic detergent bars can be made from certain combinations of sodium or potassium salts of u-sulfonated long straight chain' saturated fatty acids with corresponding amonium or substituted ammonium salts. This discovery is unexpected in view of the cited deficiencies of the sodium and potassium salts as detergents.
The discovery is furthermore unexpected since we have Patented Jan. 6, 1959 found it impossible to prepare a satisfactory synthetic detergent bar from the sodium and potassium salts as the only active detergent. The bars formed were hard, brittle, and chalky, were only water soluble to a slight extent, and had poor cleansing properties. It was likewise impossible to prepare satisfactory synthetic detergent bars from the ammonium or substituted ammonium salts of oc-SlllfOIlfltCd fatty acids as the only active detergent. Bars formed from only the ammonium salt were hard and brittle. Bars formed from only the triethanolammonium salt were soft and sticky, and too readily soluble and wasteful in use, with a thin non-persistent lather.
The sodium or potassium salts of a-sulfonated saturated long chain fatty acids of the synthetic detergent bar composition of our invention have the general Formula I H SOaM (Formula'I) where R is a long straight chain alkyl group of 14 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably C H or C H M is Na or K and M is Na, K or H.
The ammonium or substituted ammonium salts of asulfonated straight chain saturated fatty acids of the improved synthetic detergent bar compositions of our invention have the general Formulas II or III:
liI $03M R-O\ (Formula II) COzH (Formula III) In Formulas II and III, R is a long straight chain alkyl group of 14 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably C H or C H M is Na or K, and M" is an amonium or substituted ammonium radical, preferably NH, or
Exclusive of small amounts of water, lanolin, perfume, whitening or coloring matter or the like, the improved synthetic detergent bar composition of our invention may comprise from 4090% by weight of the sodium or potassium salts of Formula I with 10-60% by weight of the ammonium or substituted ammonium salts of Formulas II and III. The ratios of the different salts and the degree of neutralization of the carboxyl group are readily controllable to produce an improved synthetic detergent bar with a neutral or a mildly acid reaction in use, similar to the pH of the human skin. To some extent the adequately soluble acid magnesium salt, magnesium u-sulfopalmitic acid,
can be used to supplement the lathering properties of the ammonium or substituted ammonium salts.
In a preferred embodiment of our invention the mono:
sodium salts of a-sulfonated hydrogenated tallow acids.
(Formula I, M=Na, M'=I-I) are intimately mixed with aqueous ammonia to give an improved synthetic detergent bar composition,.43% by'weight on the dry: basis with respect to the monosodium salts of a-sulfonated hydrogenated tallow acids (Formula I), and 57% by weight with respect to the sodium ammonium salt (Formula II, M=Na, M==NH Expressed in another manner this improved synthetic detergent bar composition on the dry basis has the mole ratio .44 monosodium salt: 56 sodium ammonium salt, and the gram'equivalent proportion 50 sodium: 28 ammonium: 22 carboxylic hydrogen.
In another preferred embodiment of .our invention the monosodium salts of a-sulfonated hydrogenated tallow acids (Formula I, M=Na, M'=H) are intimately mixed with triethanolamine in the presence of about -l5% of water and the improved synthetic detergent bar composition on the dry basis is 67% with'respect to the monosodium salt (Formula I) and 33% with respect to the sodium triethanolammonium salt (Formula II, M=Na, M"=NH(C H OH) manner the composition has the mole ratio 74 monosodium salt: 26 sodium triethanolammonium salt, and the gram equivalent proportion 50 sodium: 13 triethanolammonium: 37 carboxylic hydrogen.
In still another preferred embodiment of our invention the improved synthetic detergent bar composition is an intimate mixture consisting on the dry basis of 75% by weight of the disodium salts of a-sulfonated hydrogenated tallow acids (Formula I, M=M=Na) and by Weight of the mono triethanolammonium salt (Formula III, M"=NH(C H OH) Expressedin another manner the composition has the mole ratio 79 disodium salt: 21 mono triethanolammonium salt and the gram equivalent proportion 79.2 sodium: 10.4 triethanolammonium: 10.4 carboxylic hydrogen.
Complete neutralization of all carboxylic hydrogen in the improved synthetic detergent bar compositions of our invention is to be avoided. The presence of carboxylic hydrogen as in Formulas I or III may provide a bene- Expressed in another ficial neutral or mildly acid reaction in use of the detergent bar. The presence of carboxylic hydrogen as in Formulas I or III is believed also to contribute to controlled plasticity in forming the detergent bar.
The improved synthetic detergent bar compositions of our invention are sufiiciently plastic to be readily processed into attractive bars in conventional soap bar forming equipment, and are also easily handled in smaller scale plodding, milling andpressing operations in the laboratory, as well. The bars so formed are free from the defects usually attributed to synthetic detergent bars. They are not sticky or tacky, and have no objectionable de-fatting action on the human skin. They are very etfective in hardwater, have controlled solubility, have excellent lathering characteristics, and are especially efiicient in difiicult cleaning operations, removing grease and grime and the like without the necessity of an incorporated harsh abrasive. They do not Waste away-rapidly in use through excessive solubilityiand do not containnon-detergent filler. Through their neutral or midly acid reaction in use they may be beneficial to the hands, without excessive removal of the protective acid mantle onthe human skin.
The required salts of the a-sulfonated long chain saturated fatty acids can be readily manufactured in an in-f' expensive process. The a-sulfonated long chain saturated" fatty acids obtained from the reaction of sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfonic acid with the saturated fatty acids can be isolated, if desired, in good yield. The isolated a-Sillfonated acids can then be readily converted to the desired salts which are then intimately mixed to form the improved synthetic detergent bar composition.
Isolation of the a-sulfonated fatty acid is, however, not v required. The desired salts can be formed directly fromi TABLE 1 Improved synthetic detergent bar compositions V [Ratios of Two Types of Salts (Na or K Type: N114 or Substituted NH; Type) Gram equivalent proportions Ammonium or substituted Weight Mole H No. Sodium or potassium type ammonium type ratio ratio of salts of salts N a or NH; or H from K NH(0;H OH)3 CODE;
1 Monosodium salts of a-sulfonated hydrogenated tallow RCHSOBN3* 43:57 44:56 28 22 acids, average molecular weight 375.
CO2NH ROHSOrNa O H Average molecular weight 392 p 2 2 do RCHSOaNa' 67:33 74:26 50 13 37 r OOzNH(CzH4OH)a Average molecularweight 524 v 3 Potassium a-suliostearic acid Q. Cifl 33CHSO3N9-** 67:33 74:26 50 13 37 OOQNH(C2H4OH)3 4 Potassium a-sulfostearic acid CwHuCH S 03K 71:29 77:23 50 12 38' 2NH(Cz 4 )a 5 Disodium salts oi a-sulionated hydrogenated tallow acids, 'Iriethanolammoniuul a- :30 74:26 74 i3 '13 average molecular weight 397. sulfopalmitic acid.
RGHSO Ns.
CO1N8 p 6 do Mono-hiethauolamine salts 75:25 79:21 79.2 10. 4 10. 4
of a-sulfonated hydrogenated tallow acids. ao'nsommomioma 00311 a Average molecular weight 502 7 (1n Aminlonium a-sulfopalmitic :10 89:11 89 5.5 5.6
3.81 i 3 fln Triethanolammonium a 90:10 92:8 92 4 4'- sulfostearic acid. v 9 Sodium a-suliostearic ri do 90:10 92:8 46 4 50 during the bar forming Formed by the reaction of aqueous ammonia or triethanolamine with excess of the monosodium salt of a-sulionated hydrogenated tallow acids,
process.
Formed by the reaction of aqueous triethanoiamiue excess of sodium or potassium a-sulfostearic acid, during the bartorming process.
the sulfonation reaction mixture by neutralization of the sulfonic acid group by selected ratios of sodium or potassium hydroxides and ammonium or substituted ammonium hydroxide, with either no neutralization of the carboxyl group, or incomplete neutralization of the carboxyl group, in accordance with the desired composition. Alternatively, the synthetic detergent bar composition is advantageously made 'by first isolating the monosodium or 'monopotassium salt (Formula I, M'=H-) by adding aqueous sodium chloride or potassium chloride to the sulfonation reaction mixture. The monosodium or monopotassium salt, by mixing with a calculated amount of aqueous ammonia, aqueous triethanolamine, or other aqueous nitrogenous base, is partially transformed to a mixed salt (Formula 11) without complete neutralization of the carboxyl group. The intimate mixing and partial transformation to the mixed salt is advantageously accomplished in crutching, milling or plodding or similar steps in the course of formation of the improved synthetic detergent bar.
The fatty acids which are a-sulfonated with sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfonic acid may be individual fatty acids such as palmitic or stearic acid, or may be commercial saturated fatty acids with a high content of palmitic and stearic acid and a. low iodine value. The saturated acids of tallow or the fatty acids of hydrogenated tallow are eminently suitable.
Table I illustrates, but is not restrictive of, the improved synthetic detergent bar compositions of our invention. The figures given are on the dry basis, exclusive of water, small amounts of whitening or coloring agent, lanolin, perfume, and the like. The water content is preferably in the range of 9 to 16%, usually about 12%, of the weight of the finished bar, but the actual value is not considered critical. The addition of a small amount of solubilized lanolin, shown in Example 1 to be readily feasible, is not considered a significant factor in the process.
The improved synthetic detergent bar compositions of our invention are further illustrated in the following examples:
EXAMPLE 1 A mixture of 1050 grams of the disodium salts of a-sulfonated hydrogenated tallow acids (RCH (SO Na) CO Na average molecular weight 397), 350 grams of the corresponding acid triethanolammonium salts (RCH(SO NH(C H OH) )CO H average molecular weight 502), 15 grams of solubilized lanolin and 160 ml. of water was processed in a small scale plodder. The extruded plastic strands were easily stamped into firm, smooth bars which had excellent cleansing and lathering properties in soft or hard water.
The composition corresponds to No. 6 of Table I.
EXAMPLE 2 Eight milliliters of 17.5% aqueous ammonia were added to 50 grams of the monosodium salts of u-sulfonated hydrogen tallow acids (RCH(SO Na)CO I-I) while being processed on a two-roll mill. The homogeneous product was readily pressed into firm smooth bars. Hand Washing tests showed excellent foaming and cleansing properties. The composition corresponds to No. 1 of Table I.
EXAMPLE 3 Triethanolamine was added as 6.6 grams of a 47% aqueous solution to 30 grams of the monosodium salts of a-sulfonated hydrogenated tallow acids (RCH(SO Na)CO H) during the milling process on a two-roll mill. The homogeneous product was easily pressed to a firm smooth bar which exhibited good foaming and cleansing properties. The composition corresponds to No. 2 of Table I.
EXAMPLE 4 A mixture of 45 grams of sodium wsulfostearic acid, 5 grams of triethanolammonium a-sulfostearic acid and 6 ml. of water milled on a two-roll mill was easily pressed to a firm smooth bar which exhibited good cleansing and lathering properties. The, composition corresponds to No. 9 of Table I.
EXAMPLE 5' A mixture of 40 grams of sodium u-sulfostearic acid, 5 grams of magnesium u-sulfopalmitic acid 5 grams of triethanolamine and 6 ml. of water was milled on a two-roll mill and pressed into firm smooth bars which had good foaming and cleansing properties. On a dry basis the composition has the weight proportion 54 sodium a-sulfostearic acid: 36 sodium triethanolammonium a-sulfostearate: l0 magnesium ot-sulfopalmitic acid, the corresponding mole proportions 60:28:12 and the gram equivalent proportion 45 sodium: 15 triethanolammonium: 3 magnesium: 37 carboxylic hydrogen.
We claim:
1. A synthetic detergent bar consisting essentially of, on the active dry detergent basis, from 4090% by weight of salts of alpha-sulfonated fatty acids of the general formula,
Y H $03M.
and 10-60% by weight of salts of alpha-sulfonated fatty acids selected from the group consisting of where R is a straight chain alkyl group of from 14-22 carbon atoms, M is selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium, M is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, and hydrogen, and M" is selected from the group consisting of ammonium and triethanolammonium, the amount of carboxylic hydrogen in said salts always constituting from about 4% to about 50% of the total gram equivalents of sodium, potassium, ammonium, triethanolammonium, and carboxylic hydrogen.
2. A synthetic detergent bar composition as in claim 1 in which the proportionsof sodium and potassium are from 46 to 92 gram atoms, the proportions of ammonium and triethanolammonium are from 4-28 gram equivalents, and the proportions of carboxylic hydrogen are from 4-50 gram atoms, the sum of the three in every wherein M is selected from the group consisting of -'NH; and NH(C H OH) and R is a straight chain alkyl group of from 1422 carbon atoms. a
4. A synthetic detergent bar composition consisting essentially of, on the dry active detergent basis, from 60 to 90% by weight of a salt of an a-sulfonated fatty acid selected from the group consisting of OOzNa and 1;! 803K R-C COzK and from 10 to 40% by weight of a salt of an a-sulfonated fatty acid selected from the group consisting of H SO3NH4 CO H and v H SsNH( G2H H)a COIH where R is a straight chain alkyl group of from 14-22 carbon atoms.
5. A synthetic detergent bar composition consisting essentially'of, on the dry active detergent 'ba sis' from .40-% by weight of a salt of-an u-sulfonated fatty 'acid of theformular r H $03M 7 I/ R- C C0211 and from 20-60% by weight of a salft of an a-sulfonated fatty acid of the formula 1'1 s03M R-C V 0 02M 7 Where R is a straight chain 22 carbon atoms, M is selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium, and M is selected from the group consisting of --'-NH and -NH(C H OH) 6. A synthetic-detergent bar composition as in claim 1 where R is the straight chain alkyl radical selected from the group consisting of I and mixtures of CH (CH and CH (CH derived from a member selected from the group consisting of commercial stearic acid, the saturated acids of tallow, and hydrogenated tallow fatty acids.
I References Cited inthe file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,195,186 Mayer Mar. 26, 1940 alkyl group of from l4 to' Bodman Sept. 17,1946-
Claims (1)
1. A SYNTHETIC DETERGENT BAR CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF, ON THE ACTIVE DRY DETERGENT BASIS, FROM 40-90% BY WEIGHT OF SALTS OF ALPHA-SULFONATED FATTY ACIDS OF THE GENERAL FORMULA,
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL216448D NL216448A (en) | 1956-12-12 | ||
US578850A US2915473A (en) | 1956-04-17 | 1956-04-17 | Detergent compositions |
US627960A US2867586A (en) | 1956-12-12 | 1956-12-12 | Synthetic detergent bar compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US627960A US2867586A (en) | 1956-12-12 | 1956-12-12 | Synthetic detergent bar compositions |
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US2867586A true US2867586A (en) | 1959-01-06 |
Family
ID=24516831
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US627960A Expired - Lifetime US2867586A (en) | 1956-04-17 | 1956-12-12 | Synthetic detergent bar compositions |
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US (1) | US2867586A (en) |
NL (1) | NL216448A (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3219584A (en) * | 1961-06-09 | 1965-11-23 | Alexander J Stirton | Wetting agents and surface active compositions therefrom |
US3247121A (en) * | 1962-04-30 | 1966-04-19 | Procter & Gamble | Washing composition |
US3338838A (en) * | 1964-11-17 | 1967-08-29 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent composition |
US3345301A (en) * | 1963-10-23 | 1967-10-03 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Pourable and free-flowing detergent, wetting, and emulsifying compositions |
US3351559A (en) * | 1963-11-13 | 1967-11-07 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Pourable and free-flowing detergent, wetting, and emulsifying compositions |
US3503888A (en) * | 1965-02-16 | 1970-03-31 | Dow Chemical Co | Synthetic detergent bar |
FR2216348A1 (en) * | 1973-02-01 | 1974-08-30 | Unilever Nv | Toilet soap imparting softening effect to skin - contains alkali metal salt of an alpha sulphonated 8-16C satd. fatty acid |
US4514325A (en) * | 1984-04-13 | 1985-04-30 | J. Hall Company | Aqueous metal treating compositions and method of use |
US5965508A (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 1999-10-12 | Stepan Company | Soap bar compositions comprising alpha sulfonated fatty acid alkyl esters and long chain fatty acids |
US20050124514A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2005-06-09 | Ospinal Carlos E. | Soap bar compositions comprising alpha sulfonated alkyl ester and polyhyridic alcohol and process for producing the same |
US20060241003A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2006-10-26 | Ospinal Carlos E | Soap bar compositions comprising alpha sulfonated alkyl ester and polyhydric alcohol and process for producing the same |
US20060258551A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2006-11-16 | Ospinal Carlos E | Soap bar compositions comprising alpha sulfonated alkyl ester and polyhydric alcohol and process for producing the same |
US20070004611A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2007-01-04 | Ospinal Carlos E | Soap bar compositions comprising alpha sulfonated alkyl ester or sulfonated fatty acid and synthetic surfactant and process for producing the same |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2195186A (en) * | 1937-02-06 | 1940-03-26 | Solvay Process Co | Process for the production of sulphonated fatty acids |
US2407647A (en) * | 1940-08-14 | 1946-09-17 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Synthetic organic nonsoap detergent in bar form and process of making same |
-
0
- NL NL216448D patent/NL216448A/xx unknown
-
1956
- 1956-12-12 US US627960A patent/US2867586A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2195186A (en) * | 1937-02-06 | 1940-03-26 | Solvay Process Co | Process for the production of sulphonated fatty acids |
US2407647A (en) * | 1940-08-14 | 1946-09-17 | Lever Brothers Ltd | Synthetic organic nonsoap detergent in bar form and process of making same |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3219584A (en) * | 1961-06-09 | 1965-11-23 | Alexander J Stirton | Wetting agents and surface active compositions therefrom |
US3247121A (en) * | 1962-04-30 | 1966-04-19 | Procter & Gamble | Washing composition |
US3345301A (en) * | 1963-10-23 | 1967-10-03 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Pourable and free-flowing detergent, wetting, and emulsifying compositions |
US3351559A (en) * | 1963-11-13 | 1967-11-07 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Pourable and free-flowing detergent, wetting, and emulsifying compositions |
US3338838A (en) * | 1964-11-17 | 1967-08-29 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent composition |
US3503888A (en) * | 1965-02-16 | 1970-03-31 | Dow Chemical Co | Synthetic detergent bar |
FR2216348A1 (en) * | 1973-02-01 | 1974-08-30 | Unilever Nv | Toilet soap imparting softening effect to skin - contains alkali metal salt of an alpha sulphonated 8-16C satd. fatty acid |
US4514325A (en) * | 1984-04-13 | 1985-04-30 | J. Hall Company | Aqueous metal treating compositions and method of use |
US5965508A (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 1999-10-12 | Stepan Company | Soap bar compositions comprising alpha sulfonated fatty acid alkyl esters and long chain fatty acids |
US6172026B1 (en) | 1997-10-21 | 2001-01-09 | Stepan Company | Soap bar compositions comprising alpha sulfonated fatty acid alkyl esters and long chain fatty acids |
US20050124514A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2005-06-09 | Ospinal Carlos E. | Soap bar compositions comprising alpha sulfonated alkyl ester and polyhyridic alcohol and process for producing the same |
US20050124515A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2005-06-09 | Ospinal Carlos E. | Soap bar compositions comprising alpha sulfonated fatty acid alkyl estersand polyhydridic alcohols and process for producing same |
US20060241003A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2006-10-26 | Ospinal Carlos E | Soap bar compositions comprising alpha sulfonated alkyl ester and polyhydric alcohol and process for producing the same |
US20060258551A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2006-11-16 | Ospinal Carlos E | Soap bar compositions comprising alpha sulfonated alkyl ester and polyhydric alcohol and process for producing the same |
US20070004611A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2007-01-04 | Ospinal Carlos E | Soap bar compositions comprising alpha sulfonated alkyl ester or sulfonated fatty acid and synthetic surfactant and process for producing the same |
US20080058236A1 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2008-03-06 | Ospinal Carlos E | Soap Bar Compositions Comprising Alpha Sulfonated Alkyl Ester or Sulfonated Fatty Acid and Synthetic Surfactant and Process for Producing the Same |
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