US3239332A - Electric alloy steel containing vanadium and copper - Google Patents
Electric alloy steel containing vanadium and copper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3239332A US3239332A US178578A US17857862A US3239332A US 3239332 A US3239332 A US 3239332A US 178578 A US178578 A US 178578A US 17857862 A US17857862 A US 17857862A US 3239332 A US3239332 A US 3239332A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- vanadium
- copper
- orientation
- steel
- grain
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 29
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 29
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000628 Ferrovanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006143 Gilbert reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron vanadium Chemical compound [V].[Fe] PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/14766—Fe-Si based alloys
Definitions
- Grain oriented silicon steel in sheet form is Widely used in the electrical manufacturing industry in large tonnage. Desirable magnetic properties with a grain orientation of approximately 80% have been achieved by alternate heating and cold rolling of suitable hot rolled strip. Suitable procedures are described in the original Goss Patent No. 1,965,559.
- the sheet materials to which my invention is related are usually referred to in the art as electrical silicon steel or, more properly, grain oriented silicon-steel, composed primarily of iron alloyed with silicon and containing relatively minor amounts of impurities such as sulfur, manganese, phosphorous and very low carbon content.
- An object of the invention is to cause a high percentage of the grains comprising the material to have their crystal space lattices arranged in a substantially identical relationship to the plane of the sheet and to the direction of rolling. More specifically, in the finished strip the grains are oriented with the (110) [001] direction coinciding with the rolling direction.
- An object of the invention is to obtain increased permeability at flux densities of 15,000 gauss or more. Furthermore, it is an object to achieve more nearly perfect crystal structure and grain boundaries and orientation exceeding 85 as well as grain size control. Moreover, it is an object to accomplish reduction in watt loss and hysteresis at over 15,000 gauss.
- the unit cells or body-centered unit cubes comprising these materials each have a high degree of magnetic anisotropy with respect to the crystallographic planes and directions of the unit cube, and hence, each grain or crystal comprising a plurality of such unit cells exhibits a similar anisotropy.
- crystals of the silicon-iron alloys to which this invention is directed are known to have their direction of easiest magnetization parallel to the unit cube edges, that is, the (110) [001] orientation. It is therefore desirable to find processing procedures and chemical compositions which enhance this desired texture.
- the material to which this invention relates is silicon steel having a silicon content in general of about 2.8% to 3.4% and prefer-ably in the range of about 3.0% to 3.3%.
- a typical preferred range and a typical specific analysis for such a steel is as given in the following table.
- a silicon steel may be employed having silicon content up to 3.3% and satisfactory results are obtained by employing a silicon content of approximately 3.00%.
- an additive was employed consisting of approximately .02% vanadium which had been introduced into the melt during ladling prior to the pouring of the ingot in the form of ferro vanadium.
- vanadium As little as 008% vanadium was employed.
- As much as .05 vanadium may be employed, but for economic reasons the vanadium content is preferably limited and favorable results have been obtained with the minimum content of vanadium.
- the vanadium content may be reduced as the steel is made cleaner, and when combined with other elements as copper, phosphorous and nitrogen.
- the additive is vanadium, it remains in the finished material.
- the additive is nitrogen, it must be removed during the high temperature anneal to values under 0.003%. Small amounts of various nitrogen compounds can greatly reduce the desired magnetic properties, that is, reduce the permeability and increase the Watt losses.
- Grain oriented silicon steel strip including the principles of this invention may be produced by following this procedure:
- the partially reduced slab then enters the six stand finishing mill and is rapidly reduced to strip with a thickness of 0.070 to 0.090 inch and at a speed to insure a temperature not more than 1700 F. at front and back end of strip.
- (l0) Coat with inorganic material which acts as a spacer material during high temperature anneal and provides an insulating film.
- the spacer material permits free flow of dry hydrogen during the high temperature anneal. The hydrogen removes the sulfur to under 0.005%.
- This anneal is usually performed at 2050 F. to 2150 F.
- vanadium alone may be employed as an additive in silicon steel to achieve the improved grain orientation
- other additives in addition to vanadium impart desirable results and reduce costs by permitting partial replacement of the vanadium content.
- both vanadium and copper were employed as additives. With a copper content in the finished steel between .1 and .25%, less vanadium could be employed and satisfactory results were obtained with as little as .008% vanadium in combination with the copper in a clean steel.
- nitrogen was introduced as well as vanadium.
- phosphorous was introduced together with the vanadium with phosphorus content maintained between .02 and .04% and vanadium between .008 and .02% with satisfactory results being accomplished with as little as .008% vanadium.
- vanadium is included as one of the constituents of the additive.
- additional constituents may also be employed to advantage.
- in addition to vanadium there may be both copper and nitrogen, or both copper and phosphorous, or both nitrogen and phosphorous, or copper, phosphorous and nitrogen.
- the percentages of the additional constituents being within the ranges set forth above.
- any additive added must not generate oxides, nitrides, and so forth, which are finely dispersed in the melt. Such finely divided oxide particles will precipitate into the grain boundary and impair the magnetic properties. It will be noted that the additives chosen herein are added in very small amounts in order to avoid such deleterious effects. Furthermore, any oxides which can precipitate into grain boundary affect the perfection of (110) [001] texture, and so must be avoided by using suitable deoxidation practices. The cleaner the steel the easier it is to orient the grains by means of suitable additives which tend to perfect the desirable (110) [001] texture.
- a reliable measure of a clean steel is the initial permeability. Steels having an initial permeability of 1300 or more are usually considered very clean. The best results are obtained with initial permeabilities of 1300 or more. However, I have achieved orientation of or more with steels having initial permeabilities in the range between 1300 or 1350 and 1450. This is an essential requirement, otherwise the additives such as vanadium and nitrogen will not function in the manner described herein.
- Magnetic steel consisting essentially of between 2.8% and 3.3% silicon, between 0.008% and 0.05% vanadium, between 0.1 and 0.25% copper and the balance iron.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US178578A US3239332A (en) | 1962-03-09 | 1962-03-09 | Electric alloy steel containing vanadium and copper |
| JP37046128A JPS4923968B1 (enExample) | 1962-03-09 | 1962-10-16 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US178578A US3239332A (en) | 1962-03-09 | 1962-03-09 | Electric alloy steel containing vanadium and copper |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3239332A true US3239332A (en) | 1966-03-08 |
Family
ID=22653102
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US178578A Expired - Lifetime US3239332A (en) | 1962-03-09 | 1962-03-09 | Electric alloy steel containing vanadium and copper |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3239332A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPS4923968B1 (enExample) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3446680A (en) * | 1964-08-07 | 1969-05-27 | Int Nickel Co | Production of grain-oriented silicon steels |
| US3650851A (en) * | 1968-07-17 | 1972-03-21 | Csepel Muevek Femmueve | Gallium containing cold-rolled transformer laminations and sheets with a cubic structure |
| US3887362A (en) * | 1972-12-18 | 1975-06-03 | Ibm | Nitridable steels for cold flow processes |
| US3954521A (en) * | 1968-12-23 | 1976-05-04 | Allegheny Ludlum Industries, Inc. | Method of producing grain oriented silicon steel |
| US4123299A (en) * | 1978-09-29 | 1978-10-31 | General Electric Company | Method of producing silicon-iron sheet materal, and product |
| US4177091A (en) * | 1978-08-16 | 1979-12-04 | General Electric Company | Method of producing silicon-iron sheet material, and product |
| US4293336A (en) * | 1979-05-30 | 1981-10-06 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Cold rolled non-oriented electrical steel sheet |
| US4493739A (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1985-01-15 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Process for producing a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet or strip having a low watt loss and a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel strip having uniform magnetic properties |
| US4753692A (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1988-06-28 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet and process for producing the same |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2209686A (en) * | 1938-07-25 | 1940-07-30 | Electro Metallurg Co | Sheared electrical steel sheet |
| US2867559A (en) * | 1956-12-31 | 1959-01-06 | Gen Electric | Method for producing grain oriented silicon steel |
| US2867558A (en) * | 1956-12-31 | 1959-01-06 | Gen Electric | Method for producing grain-oriented silicon steel |
| US2939810A (en) * | 1956-12-31 | 1960-06-07 | Gen Electric | Method for heat treating cube-on-edge silicon steel |
| US3042556A (en) * | 1960-02-02 | 1962-07-03 | Gen Electric | Process for treating steel |
-
1962
- 1962-03-09 US US178578A patent/US3239332A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1962-10-16 JP JP37046128A patent/JPS4923968B1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2209686A (en) * | 1938-07-25 | 1940-07-30 | Electro Metallurg Co | Sheared electrical steel sheet |
| US2867559A (en) * | 1956-12-31 | 1959-01-06 | Gen Electric | Method for producing grain oriented silicon steel |
| US2867558A (en) * | 1956-12-31 | 1959-01-06 | Gen Electric | Method for producing grain-oriented silicon steel |
| US2939810A (en) * | 1956-12-31 | 1960-06-07 | Gen Electric | Method for heat treating cube-on-edge silicon steel |
| US3042556A (en) * | 1960-02-02 | 1962-07-03 | Gen Electric | Process for treating steel |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3446680A (en) * | 1964-08-07 | 1969-05-27 | Int Nickel Co | Production of grain-oriented silicon steels |
| US3650851A (en) * | 1968-07-17 | 1972-03-21 | Csepel Muevek Femmueve | Gallium containing cold-rolled transformer laminations and sheets with a cubic structure |
| US3954521A (en) * | 1968-12-23 | 1976-05-04 | Allegheny Ludlum Industries, Inc. | Method of producing grain oriented silicon steel |
| US3887362A (en) * | 1972-12-18 | 1975-06-03 | Ibm | Nitridable steels for cold flow processes |
| US4177091A (en) * | 1978-08-16 | 1979-12-04 | General Electric Company | Method of producing silicon-iron sheet material, and product |
| US4123299A (en) * | 1978-09-29 | 1978-10-31 | General Electric Company | Method of producing silicon-iron sheet materal, and product |
| US4293336A (en) * | 1979-05-30 | 1981-10-06 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Cold rolled non-oriented electrical steel sheet |
| US4493739A (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1985-01-15 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Process for producing a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet or strip having a low watt loss and a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel strip having uniform magnetic properties |
| US4753692A (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1988-06-28 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet and process for producing the same |
| US4863532A (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1989-09-05 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS4923968B1 (enExample) | 1974-06-19 |
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