US3235958A - Method of cladding by hydrostatic pressure applied to heated units inside a cold liquid cladding apparatus - Google Patents

Method of cladding by hydrostatic pressure applied to heated units inside a cold liquid cladding apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3235958A
US3235958A US225599A US22559962A US3235958A US 3235958 A US3235958 A US 3235958A US 225599 A US225599 A US 225599A US 22559962 A US22559962 A US 22559962A US 3235958 A US3235958 A US 3235958A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cladding
powder
envelope
hydrostatic pressure
container
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Expired - Lifetime
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US225599A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gauthron Maurice
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
    • B23K20/021—Isostatic pressure welding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of reactors or parts thereof
    • G21C21/02—Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings
    • G21C21/12—Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings by hydrostatic or thermo-pneumatic canning in general by pressing without lengthening, e.g. explosive coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the cladding of objects of various shapes, and especially of fuel elements intended for use in a nuclear reactor.
  • the difliculty of manufacturing pressurized furnaces which provide a sufficiently high temperature (800 C.) and which also withstand variations of pressure,
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages referred-to above by providing a process for cladding by means of hydrostatic pressure applied to heated units inside a cold-liquid cladding apparatus of either the oil type or water type.
  • the invention mainly consists in placing the element to be clad comprising a fuel plate between two cladding plates inside a flexible envelope, in surrounding said element with a heat insulating powder by filling said envelope with said powder, said powder being especially formed of a refractory metallic oxide, in sealing said envelope and in compacting said powder, around said element by applying externally a compressive force against said envelope, in removing from said envelope the block formed of compacted powder containing the element and in inserting said block inside a flexible container after rough machining of said compacted powder, in heating the unit formed by said container and said block in a furnace of known type until uniformity of temperature is obtained, and finally in effecting the cladding proper by placing said heated unit inside a coldliquid cladding apparatus also of known type.
  • the invention can further comp-rise the following features considered either separately or in combination:
  • the flexible envelope is constituted by a bag of plastic material.
  • the heat insulating powder which is contained in the flexible envelope is compacted by the application of hydrostatic pressure
  • the powder contained in the flexible envelope is compacted by means of a press;
  • the container is constructed of thin stainless steel sheet
  • the cladding material is formed of a metal and the powder is formed of an oxide of the same metal as that of said cladding material;
  • the cladding material is formed of an alloy and the powder is formed of an oxide of that metal which forms the chief constituent of said alloy;
  • the powder is magnesium oxide
  • the powder is aluminum oxide
  • the powder is zirconium.
  • the method in accordance with the invention has the advantage of permitting the use of conventional apparatus, while the cold oil cladding process gives rise to no problem in the present state of technical knowledge.
  • an oil compressor is more simple than a gas compressor, no furnace is required in the cladding apparatus which can accordingly be of known type; the requi-site uniformity of temperatures presents no problem, all danger of explosion is eliminated; and, finally, no problem of temperature measurement arises after the cooling time of the container has previously been calibrated.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings the description which follows below relates to one example, which is not given in any sense by way of limitation, of practical application of the method in accordance with the invention for the cladding of plate-type nuclear fuel elements.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-section of a plate-type element which is located inside its cladding container.
  • FIG. 1a is a cross-section of a plate-type element which is located inside its cladding container.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section of an oil-type cladding apparatus which encloses said container.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section of a system of assembly of said plate-type elements.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the element formed by a fuel plate 1 of the type formed of uranium alloyed with zirconium and enclosed within two cladding plates 2a and 2b which can be of zircalloy and which are joined together by means of a weld 3.
  • the said fuel plate is placed in a flexible, envelope 4 which is closed at both ends and which can be formed of suitable plastic material, for example, said envelope being filled with insulating powder 5, for example zirconium powder which is then compacted, the compaction pressure being for example 800 kilograms per square centimetre.
  • FIG. 1a illustrates the compacted powder 5 surrounding fuel plate 1 and cladding plates 2a and 2b placed in a flexible container 4a which is closed at both ends and may be of thin stainless steel sheet.
  • the unit comprising container 4a, compacted powder and fuel element is placed inside a furnace of known type until uniformity of temperature is obtained, at 850 C., for example.
  • the cladding apparatus 6 is filled with cold compression oil 7 in which are immersed the container 4 and its heated contents.
  • the conduit 8 leads to an oil compressor of known type.
  • the thickness 9 of the compacted powder can be of the order of a few centimetres.
  • the diffusion is suitably initiated in the cladding apparatus 6, said diffusion is carried to completion by means of a subsequent thermal treatment at an appropriate temperature and in a controlled atmosphere.
  • the optimum temperature for the hydrostatic compression step as well as the length of time of said compression is pre-determined by means of systematic tests and by inspecting the structure of the parts formed by Various conventional methods such as micrography, ultrasonic vibration, etc.
  • the process of compression inside the cladding apparatus 6 could be carried out a number of times after the element has been first reheated a corresponding number of times.
  • the plate-type elements produced as a result of the utilization of the devices in accordance with FIGS. 1 and 2 can then be joined by welding.
  • the plate elements are arranged as shown in FIG. 3 by fitting keys between said elements and by placing plates 11 against the two end elements.
  • the combined unit thus formed is introduced inside a box or casing and surrounded with powder which is then compacted; and finally, the said unit is placed in position inside the hydrostatic cladding apparatus which effects the cladding and assembly in a single operation.
  • Method of cladding by hydrostatic pressure consisting of the steps of placing an element to be clad consisting of a fuel plate surrounded by cladding material inside a flexible envelope, then filling said envelope with a heat insulating powder and surrounding said element with said powder, said powder being a refractory metal, then sealing said envelope, then compacting said powder around said element by applying externally a compressive force against said envelope, then removing from said envelope the block of compacted powder containing said element, then inserting said block in a flexible container after rough machining said compacted powder, then heating the unit formed by said container and said block until uniformity of temperature is obtained and then applying a cold liquid hydrostatic pressure to said heated unit to clad said element.
  • said flexible envelope being a bag of plastic material.
  • said cladding material being a metal and said powder being an oxide of the same metal.
  • said cladding mate- -rial being an alloy and said powder being an oxide of 1 aluminum oxide.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US225599A 1961-10-09 1962-09-24 Method of cladding by hydrostatic pressure applied to heated units inside a cold liquid cladding apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3235958A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR875393A FR1309913A (fr) 1961-10-09 1961-10-09 Procédé de gainage par pression hydrostatique à chaud dans une gaineuse froide

Publications (1)

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US3235958A true US3235958A (en) 1966-02-22

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US225599A Expired - Lifetime US3235958A (en) 1961-10-09 1962-09-24 Method of cladding by hydrostatic pressure applied to heated units inside a cold liquid cladding apparatus

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3235958A (ja)
BE (1) BE622903A (ja)
CH (1) CH387184A (ja)
DE (1) DE1458266A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR1309913A (ja)
GB (1) GB1015197A (ja)
LU (1) LU42380A1 (ja)
SE (1) SE307621B (ja)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3344508A (en) * 1963-02-20 1967-10-03 Commissariat Energie Atomique Process for producing cladded fuel elements
US3352004A (en) * 1963-08-09 1967-11-14 Commissariat Energie Atomique Process for cladding uranium rods
US3450528A (en) * 1968-07-25 1969-06-17 Crucible Steel Corp Method for producing dispersioned hardenable steel
US3699642A (en) * 1971-04-08 1972-10-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method for bonding sheet metal cladding to a body
US3952939A (en) * 1975-07-28 1976-04-27 General Electric Company Sheet cladding method
DE2747951A1 (de) * 1976-11-02 1978-05-11 Asea Ab Verfahren zur bindung radioaktiver stoffe in einem koerper, der gegen auslaugen durch wasser bestaendig ist
US4491540A (en) * 1981-03-20 1985-01-01 Asea Aktiebolag Method of preparing spent nuclear fuel rods for long-term storage
US4564501A (en) * 1984-07-05 1986-01-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Applying pressure while article cools

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3472656A (en) * 1967-02-13 1969-10-14 Oregon Metallurgical Corp Method of manufacturing articles from particulate metal masses

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1081618A (en) * 1912-03-28 1913-12-16 Westinghouse Lamp Co Process of preparing billets of refractory materials.
US2932882A (en) * 1954-02-25 1960-04-19 Jr John C R Kelly Method of preparing powdered refractory metals for mechanical working

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1081618A (en) * 1912-03-28 1913-12-16 Westinghouse Lamp Co Process of preparing billets of refractory materials.
US2932882A (en) * 1954-02-25 1960-04-19 Jr John C R Kelly Method of preparing powdered refractory metals for mechanical working

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3344508A (en) * 1963-02-20 1967-10-03 Commissariat Energie Atomique Process for producing cladded fuel elements
US3352004A (en) * 1963-08-09 1967-11-14 Commissariat Energie Atomique Process for cladding uranium rods
US3450528A (en) * 1968-07-25 1969-06-17 Crucible Steel Corp Method for producing dispersioned hardenable steel
US3699642A (en) * 1971-04-08 1972-10-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method for bonding sheet metal cladding to a body
US3952939A (en) * 1975-07-28 1976-04-27 General Electric Company Sheet cladding method
DE2747951A1 (de) * 1976-11-02 1978-05-11 Asea Ab Verfahren zur bindung radioaktiver stoffe in einem koerper, der gegen auslaugen durch wasser bestaendig ist
US4491540A (en) * 1981-03-20 1985-01-01 Asea Aktiebolag Method of preparing spent nuclear fuel rods for long-term storage
US4564501A (en) * 1984-07-05 1986-01-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Applying pressure while article cools

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH387184A (fr) 1965-01-31
SE307621B (ja) 1969-01-13
DE1458266A1 (de) 1969-10-16
BE622903A (ja)
LU42380A1 (ja) 1962-11-19
GB1015197A (en) 1965-12-31
FR1309913A (fr) 1962-11-23

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