US3232748A - Process for the production of steel - Google Patents

Process for the production of steel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3232748A
US3232748A US38647564A US3232748A US 3232748 A US3232748 A US 3232748A US 38647564 A US38647564 A US 38647564A US 3232748 A US3232748 A US 3232748A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
lance
oxygen
heat
charging materials
charge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Rinesch Rudolf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BOT Brassert Oxygen Technik AG
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BOT Brassert Oxygen Technik AG
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Publication of US3232748A publication Critical patent/US3232748A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/02—Obtaining aluminium with reducing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/02—Silicon
    • C01B33/021—Preparation
    • C01B33/023—Preparation by reduction of silica or free silica-containing material
    • C01B33/025—Preparation by reduction of silica or free silica-containing material with carbon or a solid carbonaceous material, i.e. carbo-thermal process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • C21C5/32—Blowing from above
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/04—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/06—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by carbides or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
    • C21C5/562—Manufacture of steel by other methods starting from scrap
    • C21C5/565—Preheating of scrap
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the production of steel from charging materials, such as pig iron and scrap, by the top-blowing oxygen refining process.
  • Top blowing ipro'cesses comprise blowing an oxygen jet by means of a vertical lance onto the surface of a ferrous melt charged in an upright tilt-able crucible or converter in the presence of a basic slag, whereby the accompanying elements contained in the melt, such as carbon, silicon, phosphorus and manganese, are eliminated and partly incorporated in the slag.
  • the evolved gas consisting particularly .of carbon monoxide entrains these fuels into the upper part of the converter and they are not burnt until they are ejected at the top fro-m the mouth of the converter. Thus, they heat only the chimney and may cause a destruction of the covering means of the converter whereas they do not appreciably heat the bath. For this reason, this method has not given the desired results.
  • Group A heating solid charging materials in bottomblowing Bessemer converters and side-blowing converters;
  • Group B heating in hearth furnaces
  • Group C heating in a separate vessel other than the refining vessel or in a furnace chamber separate from the actual refining furnace.
  • Heating in hearth furnaces (Group B) has hitherto been effected in such manner that the flames have been directed at an angle to the surface of the charge in the hearth furnace. In doing so, difficulties arisedue to the fact that the bulky scrap charged has a large surface area. The pieces of scrap begin to melt at the surface, the charge being gradually covered by a slag layer consisting mainly of oxidized iron. The conditions of heat transfer from the flame to the surface of the charge thus are continually changed, and also the thermal conductivity within the charging materials varies.
  • the process of the invention comprises charging the solid charging materials into an upright crucible provided with a vertical blowing lance adapted to be lifted and lowered and having connections to an oxygen supply and to a fuel supply so that it is capable of operating selemively as a burner lance and as an oxygen blowing lance; directing a flame of fuel and oxygen from said lance operating as a burner lance against said solid charging materials so as to heat them and to form a crater of liquefied charging materials in the center of the charge; continuing liquefying and heating said charging materials to provide refining conditions; shutting off the fuel supply; and refining said charge in the same crucible with said lance operating as an oxygen blowing lance to remove the impurities contained in the melt.
  • This method enables the supply of any desired amount of heat to the charge either to enable the conversion of pig iron having only a small content of heat-carrying elements or to enable the incorporation of large (amounts of scrap in pig iron having a normal content of heat-carrying elements or to realize both possibilities.
  • the process of the invention thus is independent of the availability and kind of a source of liquid crude iron (blast furnace or cupola).
  • the process therefore, is of particular interest for integrated ironworks in which the steel plant is erected in a first stage, whereas blast furnaces are built in a further stage of extension.
  • the process of the invention is moreover important for steel mills which are far away from ore deposits and sources of coke supply, because in this case the transportation of solid pig iron is to be preferred.
  • the flame directed against the charge is formed by burning a mixture of a hydrocarbon oil and oxygen.
  • the flame is formed by burning a mixture of a combustible gas, preferably natural gas, and oxygen.
  • a combustible gas preferably natural gas
  • a further embodiment of the invention comprises heating and liquefying the solid charging materials in an upright crucible by means of the vertical lance operating as a burner, combining the liquefied charging materials with liquid pig iron, further heating the combined charge to provide refining conditions and thereafter completing refining by means of the lance operating as an oxygen lance, the proportions of oil and oxygen being so controlled ,during the heating step that the burner flame will selectively have an oxidizing, a neutral or a reducing efiect.
  • This enables keeping the charge at the desired temperature or heating it between individual refining phases, i.e., .upon an interruption of the refining, or at the end of the refining process, if this is desired for fining or alloying purposes.
  • a blowing device comprising a blowing tube having a jacketed cooling shell, in which a circulation of a coolant is maintained, and a fuel supply conduit extending axially in the blowing tube and having a tip which terminates before the mouth of the blowing tube.
  • the fuel is atomized before the convergent-divergent subcooling zone of the outfiowing gas. The combustion of the fuel will then take place on the surface of the charge and there will be no loss of unburnt fuel.
  • the device is diagrammatically illustrated in the accompanying drawing showing a vertical sectional view.
  • the blowing tube 1 is surrounded by a jacketed, concentric shell consisting of the guide tube 2 and the outer tube 3.
  • the lower part of the guide tube is designed to form a streamlined guide body 4.
  • the blowing tube 1 and the outer tube 3 are connected at the mouth of the blowing tube to form a conical nozzle 5 of massive material having a convergent-divergent passage therein.
  • a slidable fuel supply tube 6 extends axially in the blowing tube 1 and can be pulled upwardly out of the blowing device.
  • the tip of the tube 6 terminates a certain distance before the nozzle tip so that the fuel is atomized before the subcooling zone of the outflowing gas.
  • the mouth of the tube 6 may comprise baflie plates 7, e.g. of helical shape, to ensure an improved atomization and distribution.
  • Example 1 compares the heat balances of two melts A and B based on pig irons having the same composition and aiming at the same yield of 30 metric tons. In the first case (Melt A) 10% scrap and in the second case (Melt B) 30% scrap are to be added.
  • HEAT OUTPUT (A) To crude iron temperature (1200 C.): Kcal.
  • HEAT OUTPUT (A) To crude iron temperature (1200 C.): Kcal.
  • Example 2 illustrates the production of steel from a charge consisting only of solid charging materials, namely about 80% piglets and about 20% scrap, in a conventional 30 ton top-blowing crucible having a closed bottom and a shell of substantially cylindrical shape.
  • 1 H3 is 1.85 m. above the bottom of the crucible.
  • Example 2 shows that the total duration of the heating was 35 minutes.
  • the original height of the material charged was 2350 mm. After melting, the bath height was only 1000 mm. It was thus necessary to continuously approach the lance operating as a burner to the bath, as is evident from Example 2.
  • the nozzle distance above H initially was 3000 mm., it was gradually reduced to 1250 mm. above H and upon termination of the heating procedure the subsequent refining step, totalling 8.60 minutes, was carried out at a nozzle distance of 700 mm. above H It can moreover be gathered from the respective nozzle distances how the crater formation proceeds.
  • the flame begins to erode the center of the charged material. After this initial phase, the crater gradually becomes narrow and deep.
  • a process for the production of steel from charging materials comprising pig iron and scrap, said pig iron containing impurities, at least part of said charging materials being solid, comprising charging said solid charg ing materials into an upright crucible provided with a vertical blowing lance adapted to be lifted and lowered and having connections to an oxygen supply and to a fuel supply so that it is capable of operating selectively as a burner lance and as an oxygen blowing lance; directing a flame of fuel and oxygen from said lance operating as a burner lance against said solid charging materials so as to heat them and to form a crater of liquefied charging materials in the center of the charge; continuing liquefying and heating said charging materials to provide refining conditions; shutting off the fuel supply; and refining said charge in said crucible with said lance operating as an oxygen blowing lance to remove said impurities contained in said pig iron.
  • a process for the production of steel from charging materials comprising pig iron containing impurities and scrap, at least part of said charging materials being solid, comprising charging said solid charging materials into an upright tiltable crucible provided with a vertical blowing lance capable of altitude adjustment and having connections to an oxygen supply and to a fuel supply so that it is capable of operating temporarily as a burner lance and as an oxygen blowing lance; directing a flame from said lance operating as a burner lance against said solid charging materials so as to beat them and to form a crater of liquefied charging materials in the center of said charge; continuing heating until the main portion of said solid charging materials is melted; adding liquid vpig iron and further continuing heating until refining conditions are provided; and thereafter refining the charge after having shut off the fuel supply with said lance operating as an oxygen blowing lance to remove the impurities contained in said pig iron.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
US38647564 1959-05-19 1964-07-20 Process for the production of steel Expired - Lifetime US3232748A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT368459A AT220174B (de) 1959-05-19 1959-05-19 Verfahren und Blaseinrichtung zur Zuführung von Wärme zum festen und/oder flüssigen Einsatz beim Frischen desselben zu Stahl

Publications (1)

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US3232748A true US3232748A (en) 1966-02-01

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US38647564 Expired - Lifetime US3232748A (en) 1959-05-19 1964-07-20 Process for the production of steel

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3232748A (es)
AT (1) AT220174B (es)
ES (1) ES257729A1 (es)
GB (1) GB931719A (es)
OA (1) OA01872A (es)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3323907A (en) * 1964-11-23 1967-06-06 Air Prod & Chem Production of chromium steels
US3535106A (en) * 1967-10-11 1970-10-20 Armco Steel Corp 100% solid charge basic oxygen process
US3599949A (en) * 1967-02-23 1971-08-17 Steel Co Of Wales Ltd Manufacture of steel
US3638932A (en) * 1969-03-26 1972-02-01 Chemetron Corp Combined burner-lance for fume suppression in molten metals
US3661560A (en) * 1969-03-21 1972-05-09 British Steel Corp Manganese control in basic steelmaking process
US3775544A (en) * 1969-03-10 1973-11-27 Kloeckner Werke Ag Apparatus for making steel from scrap metal
US3912243A (en) * 1973-04-04 1975-10-14 Berry Metal Co Apparatus and process for refining hot metal to steel
WO1984000176A1 (en) * 1982-06-24 1984-01-19 Cadre Corp Oxygen-fuel burner with lancing capability and method of producing steel
JP2017032254A (ja) * 2015-08-05 2017-02-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 バーナー

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1148602A (en) * 1966-09-26 1969-04-16 Steel Co Of Wales Ltd Improvements in and relating to the treatment of metals
DE1583271C2 (de) * 1967-11-22 1974-11-07 Maerz Ofenbau Gmbh, 4000 Duesseldorf Schmelzgefäß mit aufsetzbarem Deckel zum Vorwärmen von Schrott und zur Stahlerzeugung
ZA786675B (en) * 1978-11-28 1980-02-27 W Bleloch Apparatus for the production of steel and iron alloys

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1140550A (en) * 1912-02-29 1915-05-25 Otis Elevator Co Process for making steel.
US2818247A (en) * 1953-08-14 1957-12-31 Charles B Francis Steel making apparatus
US2820706A (en) * 1955-07-26 1958-01-21 United States Steel Corp Furnace and method for making steel

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1140550A (en) * 1912-02-29 1915-05-25 Otis Elevator Co Process for making steel.
US2818247A (en) * 1953-08-14 1957-12-31 Charles B Francis Steel making apparatus
US2820706A (en) * 1955-07-26 1958-01-21 United States Steel Corp Furnace and method for making steel

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3323907A (en) * 1964-11-23 1967-06-06 Air Prod & Chem Production of chromium steels
US3599949A (en) * 1967-02-23 1971-08-17 Steel Co Of Wales Ltd Manufacture of steel
US3535106A (en) * 1967-10-11 1970-10-20 Armco Steel Corp 100% solid charge basic oxygen process
US3775544A (en) * 1969-03-10 1973-11-27 Kloeckner Werke Ag Apparatus for making steel from scrap metal
US3661560A (en) * 1969-03-21 1972-05-09 British Steel Corp Manganese control in basic steelmaking process
US3638932A (en) * 1969-03-26 1972-02-01 Chemetron Corp Combined burner-lance for fume suppression in molten metals
US3912243A (en) * 1973-04-04 1975-10-14 Berry Metal Co Apparatus and process for refining hot metal to steel
WO1984000176A1 (en) * 1982-06-24 1984-01-19 Cadre Corp Oxygen-fuel burner with lancing capability and method of producing steel
JP2017032254A (ja) * 2015-08-05 2017-02-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 バーナー

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES257729A1 (es) 1960-11-01
GB931719A (en) 1963-07-17
AT220174B (de) 1962-03-12
OA01872A (fr) 1970-02-04

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