US3226042A - Method of and apparatus for grinding hard materials - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for grinding hard materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3226042A
US3226042A US215977A US21597762A US3226042A US 3226042 A US3226042 A US 3226042A US 215977 A US215977 A US 215977A US 21597762 A US21597762 A US 21597762A US 3226042 A US3226042 A US 3226042A
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United States
Prior art keywords
rollers
rolls
granular material
ground
grinding
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Expired - Lifetime
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US215977A
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English (en)
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Tadeusz W Adamski
Kalinowski Bohdan
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from PL97221A external-priority patent/PL48220B1/pl
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
    • B02C4/28—Details
    • B02C4/286—Feeding devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
    • B02C4/02—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for grin-ding hard materials.
  • Size reduction is important in the chemical, metallurgical, power-producing, and many other industries. But even though many types of breakers, crushers, and mills exist, no rational method has yet been devised. The process still unproductively consumes large amounts of power, and calls for large and heavy machines and equipment. For the hitherto known disintegrators the efliciency in respect of power is minimal.
  • the physical (energy) efliciency coeflicient of size reduction is calculated to be about 1 percent, and the technical one about 0.1 percent or less, the global consumption of power for size reduction being estimated at 100,000 million kW.-hr.
  • One of the simplest methods of size reduction is crushing in a crusher between two rotating rolls.
  • the material to be disintegrated is fed between the rolls, which by means of friction, but with considerable slipping, overcome the inertia of the material and accelerate it over a short angular path to a velocity equal to that of the rolls, whereafter it is crushed between the rolls.
  • the rolls perform only the work of crushing, whereas acceleration of the feed is the responsibility of a feeding device.
  • the method enables the phenomenon of slipping to be substantially eliminated.
  • the invention consists in a method of grinding hard granular material between rolls, which comprises supplying the material to the rolls at a velocity substantially equal to their peripheral velocity and at a rate not exceeding their throughput capacity, the material being supplied in the form of a flat stream having a width not exceeding the working length of the rolls and having a thickness of the order of the grain size of the material before it is ground.
  • the roll crusher is turned into a high-capacity roll mill capable of grinding hard solids at parameters more convenient than those for any of the known mills.
  • the invention also consists in apparatus for grinding hard granular material, comprising a pair of grinding rolls, means for accelerating the material to reach the rolls at a velocity substantially equal to their peripheral velocity, and means for forming the material, before it is ground, into a flat stream having a width not exceeding the working length of the rolls and having a thickness of the order of the grain size of the material before it is ground.
  • the required acceleration can be produced by the force of gravity when the material feeder is suspended at a suitable height above the rolls. If higher linear velocities are essential, it is convenient to use a stream of fluid (gas or liquid), such as air or another gas, or water or another liquid, which will entrain the feed between the rolls at a suitable linear velocity.
  • a mechanical device that will fling the feed between the rolls, or one may employ a series of roll pairs or sets designed so as to caus the material issuing from between one pair of rolls to acquire the velocity specified for it on reaching the next pair.
  • One or both rolls may be driven, and their surfaces may be either rough or smooth.
  • the peripheral velocity of the rolls may be at least 5 metres per second, and they may rotate at at least 1500 revolutions per minute.
  • the roll mill may also incorporate more than two pairs of rolls operating in series and with gaps between the rolls of each pair diminishing in the consecutive pairs, the rate of flow of the material between the rolls of these pairs being suitably synchronised with the peripheral velocity of the successive sets of rolls.
  • FIGURE 1 is a longitudinal section of a grinding apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a plan view of the apparatus of FIG- URE 1 and seen from the plane AA in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal section of another form of grinding apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • rolls 1, 3 are driven in opposite directions, indicated by arrows (FIGURE 1), by a suitable motor 2 (FIGURE 2).
  • a feeder or hopper 5 is arranged above the rolls 1, 3, and granular material to be ground is placed in the hopper 5 from which it fa ls under the action of gravity down a chute, nozzle or channel 6 to the rolls 1, 3.
  • the hopper 5 is placed at such a height above the rolls 1, 3 that the material, in falling, acquires by the time it reaches the rolls 1, 3 a velocity approximately equal to their peripheral velocity.
  • the chute, nozzle or channel 6 is of such a shape that the material reaches the rolls 1, 3 in a flat stream having a width not exceeding the working length of the rolls 1, 3, and having a thickness which is of the order of the grain size of the material before it is ground. Slipping and friction between the surfaces of the rolls 1, 3 and the material is thus minimsed, and all the grains of material which are larger than the gap between the rolls are crushed or ground down.
  • the material should be supplied to the rolls at a rate which does not exceed their throughput capacity, so that the accelerated material is not slowed down or stopped by piling up above the gap between the rolls.
  • a multi-stage apparatus has three sets of rolls 1, 3 arranged in series and driven by motors 2.
  • Each stage of the apparatus resembles the apparatus shown in FIGURES l and 2, but the third stage has four pairs of rolls.
  • the granular material is progressively reduced in size as it passes through each stage, and the casing 7 of each chute, nozzle or channel 6 is so shaped that the material reaches each pair of rolls in the form of a hat stream having the above-described characteristics.
  • the method of the invention enable even the hardest materials, such as quartz sand, to be ground well, but it also permits grinding them to a strictly specified grain size.
  • the material may alternatively be accelerated to the required velocity by means of a mechanical device which flings the material between the rolls, or it may be accelerated by a stream of gas or liquid in which it is entrained.
  • the mill can be conveniently isolated from the environment by a tight housing and can be placed in an atmosphere of inert gas or gases or operated in a vacuum, if the process of grinding gives rise to dusts or injurious gases, or if the material to be ground is sensitive to atmospheric influences or dangerous for the environment.
  • the literature records rates of revolution not exceeding 1000 per minute, rolls at least well over 10 cm. in diameter, and gaps between the rolls of several millimetres.
  • a method of grinding granular material between a pair of spaced rollers which rotate at the same speed comprising introducing the granular material between the rollers at a speed equal to the peripheral velocity of the rollers and at a rate which is up to and inclusive of the throughput capacity of the rollers which is a function of the spacing between the rollers, the granular material being introduced between the rollers for being ground thereby in the form of a flat stream having a thickness corresponding approximately to the largest grain size of the granular material to be ground and a length corresponding to the length of the rollers.
  • a method according to claim 1, comprising accelerating said material to said velocity by the force of gravity.
  • a method of grinding granular material between a pair of spaced rollers which rotate at the same speed comprising: freely dropping the granular material towards the rollers from a height above the rollers sufficient to cause the material to enter between the rollers for being ground thereby, at a velocity substantially equal to the peripherial velocity of said rollers, the material being dropped at a rate up to and including the throughput capacity of the rollers which capacity is a function of the magnitude of the spacing between the rollers, and restricting the passage of the material to the rollers to cause the material to pass to said rollers in the form of a flat stream having a thickness corresponding approximately to the largest grain size of the granular material to be ground and a length corresponding to the length of the rollers.
  • a method as claimed in claim 5 comprising subsequently grinding the granular material after the same has been ground by the pair of spaced rollers by freely dropping the thus ground material from the pair of rollers towards a second pair of rotating rollers from a height above the second pair of rollers sufiicient to cause the material to enter between the latter rollers, for being ground thereby, at a velocity substantially equal to the peripheral velocity of the latter rollers and restricting the passage of the thus ground material to the second pair of rollers to cause the material to pass thereto in the form of a fiat stream having a thickness corresponding approximately to the grain size of the granular material being discharged from the first set of rollers and a length up to the length of the second pair of rollers.
  • Apparatus for grinding granular material comprising a pair of spaced grinding rollers, means rotating said rollers at the same speed, said rollers having a throughput capacity which is a function of the spacing of the rollers, the diameter of the rollers and the speed of retation of the rollers, means introducing the granular material between the rollers for being ground thereby at a linear speed equal to the peripheral velocity of the rollers and at a rate up to and inclusive of the throughput capacity of the rollers and means for restricting the passage of the granular material to the rollers in the form of a flat stream having a thickness corresponding approximately to the grain size of the granular material to be ground and a length up to the length of the rollers.
  • Apparatus for grinding granular material comprising a pair of spaced horizontal grinding rollers, means rotating said rollers at the same speed, said rollers having a throughput capacity which is a function of the spacing of the rollers, the diameter of the rollers, and the speed of rotation of the rollers, a vertical casing positioned above the space between the grinding rollers, means for introducing granular material to be ground into the casing at a rate which is up to and inclusive of the throughput capacity of the rollers, said casing having an outlet located above the space between the rollers for introducing the granular material into the space for being ground by the rollers, said outlet being dimensioned to cause discharge of the granular material therefrom in the form of a flat stream having a thickness corresponding approximately to the grain size of the granular material to be ground and a length corresponding to the length of the rollers, said means for introducing the material into the casing being located at a particular level above the rollers to cause the material to be discharged at the outlet of the casing under the
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 comprising an enclosing gas-tight housing.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 comprising a successive set of horizontally spaced rollers rotating at the same speed located beneath the first mentioned pair of rollers at a distance such that free fall of the material after being discharged from the first pair of rollers will result in the material having a velocity at the level of the successive set of rollers equal to the peripheral velocity thereof, a second casing vertically positioned between the pairs of rollers guiding the passage of material from the first pair of rollers to the second pair of rollers, said second casing having an outlet above the space between the second rollers which is dimensioned to cause discharge therefrom of the ground granular material from the first set of rollers in the form of a fiat stream having a thickness corresponding approximately to the grain size of the thus ground material and a length corresponding to the length of the successive set of rollers.
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 10 comprising further-successive sets of spaced rotating rollers located beneath the second of the sets of rollers for Subsequently grinding the material discharged therefrom and means for delivering the latter ground material to the successive sets of rollers at linear speeds corresponding to the peripheral speeds of the rollers and in the form of flat streams having thicknesses corresponding to the spacing between the rollers and lengths up to the lengths of the rollers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
US215977A 1961-08-26 1962-08-09 Method of and apparatus for grinding hard materials Expired - Lifetime US3226042A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL97221A PL48220B1 (cs) 1961-08-26

Publications (1)

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US3226042A true US3226042A (en) 1965-12-28

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US215977A Expired - Lifetime US3226042A (en) 1961-08-26 1962-08-09 Method of and apparatus for grinding hard materials

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US (1) US3226042A (cs)
AT (1) AT276034B (cs)
BE (1) BE621430A (cs)
CH (1) CH386214A (cs)
DK (1) DK110100C (cs)
ES (1) ES280043A1 (cs)
FR (1) FR1331276A (cs)
GB (1) GB963088A (cs)
SE (1) SE318769B (cs)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3414173A (en) * 1966-02-24 1968-12-03 Walter J. Sackett Sr. Materials conditioning, weigh blender system
US3948448A (en) * 1973-08-18 1976-04-06 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Method for the fine comminution of solid materials with a rolling mill and comminution device for carrying out the method
US5205495A (en) * 1992-02-18 1993-04-27 Shredding Systems, Inc. Apparatus for shredding and packaging hazardous waste containers and the contents thereof
WO2009037356A1 (de) * 2007-09-22 2009-03-26 Cemag Anlagenbau Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur vor- und fertigmahlung von mineralischen und nichtmineralischen materialien
WO2013156083A1 (en) * 2012-04-20 2013-10-24 Metso Minerals (Sweden) Ab Feeder aparatus and method for feeding material to a high pressure roller crusher
CN104138774A (zh) * 2014-08-07 2014-11-12 中建材（合肥）粉体科技装备有限公司 料床稳定的单传动辊式粉碎设备
CN104334278A (zh) * 2012-04-20 2015-02-04 美卓矿物工业公司 用于高压辊压机的灰尘保护装置
KR20150038178A (ko) * 2012-07-19 2015-04-08 아다미스 파마슈티칼스 코포레이션 분말 공급 장치
US20150102148A1 (en) * 2013-10-16 2015-04-16 Pallmann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for processing free-flowing input material
US11400457B2 (en) * 2018-07-20 2022-08-02 Phiston Technologies, Inc. Solid state drive media destroyer

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW466136B (en) * 2000-01-28 2001-12-01 F L Smidth & Amp Co As Method and apparatus for grinding of particulate material

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1396712A (en) * 1921-08-27 1921-11-08 Johnston George Method of crushing
CH192406A (fr) * 1935-03-02 1937-08-15 Aumarechal Jacques Procédé de désintégration mécanique de corps solides.
US2447258A (en) * 1943-10-16 1948-08-17 Miles Lab Means and method for reducing to powder form materials packaged as tablets
US2509148A (en) * 1946-02-28 1950-05-23 Perkins & Son Inc B F Conditioning fibers
US2622855A (en) * 1949-11-19 1952-12-23 American Viscose Corp Apparatus for producing viscose
US2986348A (en) * 1957-03-22 1961-05-30 Heinrich A Noll Grain milling machines

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1396712A (en) * 1921-08-27 1921-11-08 Johnston George Method of crushing
CH192406A (fr) * 1935-03-02 1937-08-15 Aumarechal Jacques Procédé de désintégration mécanique de corps solides.
US2447258A (en) * 1943-10-16 1948-08-17 Miles Lab Means and method for reducing to powder form materials packaged as tablets
US2509148A (en) * 1946-02-28 1950-05-23 Perkins & Son Inc B F Conditioning fibers
US2622855A (en) * 1949-11-19 1952-12-23 American Viscose Corp Apparatus for producing viscose
US2986348A (en) * 1957-03-22 1961-05-30 Heinrich A Noll Grain milling machines

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3414173A (en) * 1966-02-24 1968-12-03 Walter J. Sackett Sr. Materials conditioning, weigh blender system
US3948448A (en) * 1973-08-18 1976-04-06 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Method for the fine comminution of solid materials with a rolling mill and comminution device for carrying out the method
US5205495A (en) * 1992-02-18 1993-04-27 Shredding Systems, Inc. Apparatus for shredding and packaging hazardous waste containers and the contents thereof
WO2009037356A1 (de) * 2007-09-22 2009-03-26 Cemag Anlagenbau Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur vor- und fertigmahlung von mineralischen und nichtmineralischen materialien
US8292207B2 (en) 2007-09-22 2012-10-23 Petra Memari Fard Method and apparatus for the coarse and fine grinding of mineral and non-mineral materials
AU2008300496B2 (en) * 2007-09-22 2013-02-21 Memari Fard, Nima Method of, and apparatus for, the preliminary grinding and finishing of mineral and non-mineral materials
WO2013156083A1 (en) * 2012-04-20 2013-10-24 Metso Minerals (Sweden) Ab Feeder aparatus and method for feeding material to a high pressure roller crusher
CN104334278A (zh) * 2012-04-20 2015-02-04 美卓矿物工业公司 用于高压辊压机的灰尘保护装置
DK178877B1 (en) * 2012-04-20 2017-04-18 Metso Minerals (Sweden) Ab Feeder apparatus and method for feeding material to a high pressure roller crusher
KR20150038178A (ko) * 2012-07-19 2015-04-08 아다미스 파마슈티칼스 코포레이션 분말 공급 장치
US20150197396A1 (en) * 2012-07-19 2015-07-16 Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation Powder feeding apparatus
US10370183B2 (en) * 2012-07-19 2019-08-06 Adamis Pharmaceuticals Corporation Powder feeding apparatus
US20150102148A1 (en) * 2013-10-16 2015-04-16 Pallmann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for processing free-flowing input material
CN104138774A (zh) * 2014-08-07 2014-11-12 中建材（合肥）粉体科技装备有限公司 料床稳定的单传动辊式粉碎设备
US11400457B2 (en) * 2018-07-20 2022-08-02 Phiston Technologies, Inc. Solid state drive media destroyer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK110100C (da) 1968-11-04
BE621430A (cs)
AT276034B (de) 1969-11-10
SE318769B (cs) 1969-12-15
ES280043A1 (es) 1963-05-01
CH386214A (fr) 1964-12-31
GB963088A (en) 1964-07-08
FR1331276A (fr) 1963-06-28

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