US3209992A - Hermetically enclosed small refrigerating machine and procedure for the operation ofsaid machine - Google Patents

Hermetically enclosed small refrigerating machine and procedure for the operation ofsaid machine Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3209992A
US3209992A US346491A US34649164A US3209992A US 3209992 A US3209992 A US 3209992A US 346491 A US346491 A US 346491A US 34649164 A US34649164 A US 34649164A US 3209992 A US3209992 A US 3209992A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
oil
refrigerant
insulation
resistant
temperatures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US346491A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Christiansen Erik Frede
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3209992A publication Critical patent/US3209992A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/02—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/30—Windings characterised by the insulating material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S417/00—Pumps
    • Y10S417/902—Hermetically sealed motor pump unit

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to refrigeration and more particularly to hermetic small refrigeration compressors of the type using a refrigerant consisting of halogenized hydrocarbons, a lubricant comprising mineral oil and electric motor insulation composed of a platic material and relates to a method for operating such small refrigeration compressors.
  • hermetic small refrigeration compressors depends largely on the operating temperatures which occur in such machines. It is well known that not only the consistency of the substances used, for example the oil, refrigerant and insulation is reduced with increasing temperature, but also that reactions of the substances with each other occur to an increasing extent because of the increased temperatures. Cellulose-containing insulation materials, for example, will give ofi Water which reacts with the lubricating oil and can form acids. With known compressor lubricating oils dissociation occurs as soon as the operating temperatures exceed 100 or 125 C. Anhydrous insulations made from plastic materials which normally are still resistant and elfective at high temperatures tend to lose their insulation capabilities under the influence of decomposition products derived from the refrigerant and the oil, which are formed at elevated temperatures and which are capable of chemical reactions.
  • Dielectric plastic materials for insulation for refrigeration machines are known, which do not cause disadvantageous chemical reactions with the refrigerants and the Various lubricating oils at temperatures up to 150 C., for example: polyethylene terephthalate or polyamide, which had been subjected to a special pretreatment.
  • the utilization of such synthetic materials do not insure that a refrigeration compressor can actually be operated at temperatures up to 150 C. in View of the fact that most known compressor lubricating oils will dissociate at lower temperatures, and, according to the circumstances, even attack the insulations synthetic material.
  • an operating temperature within the range of 130 to 150 C. can only be obtained with the addition of inhibitors.
  • the operating temperature of 150 has been considered as being the critical operating temperature limit.
  • the above mentioned insulation, synthetic materials cause disadvantageous chemical reactions such that even the lubrieating mineral oil itself, which has been made temperature-resistant by means of the addition of inhibitors, will dissociate, whereby the inhibitors result in particularly detrimental reaction products, and even the best suited refrigerants from halogenized hydrocarbons are (stronger reactions. Therefore, the limiting value of 150 C. has always been carefully observed in connection with the practical design of small refrigeration machines. The permissible operating temperatures are far below the limiting value of 150 C.
  • the invention relates in part to use of insulationsynthetic material composed of a material which is resistant to the refrigerant in hermetic refrigeration corn- "ice pressors up to a limiting temperature, which exceeds and which preferably lies within the range of to 225 C., and relates to the use of a mineral oil lubricant which is composed of a parallin-based oil, from which those components or ingredients have been rened out or removed which crystallize out at temperatures under -40 C.
  • a feature of the invention is that it teaches selection of insulation-synthetic material to being with only according to whether the material is resistant in the hermetic machine to the above-mentioned high temperatures in the presence of a refrigerant and, if necessary, in the presence of its dissociation products. Since the refrigerant is generally selected for a given purpose, a usable or suitable synthetic material can be determined by relaively simple means, as can be seen from the examples mentioned hereinafter. If a specific paraffin-based mineral oil is used in the system of oil, refrigerant and insulation, the resistance values of the entire system do not change at all or, if at all, to such an extent only that the limiting temperature of 155 or, preferably, 160 to 225 C. remain effective.
  • Paraiiin-based oil is utilized in hermetic refrigeration machines only reluctantly in view of the fact that the crystalline paraffin separates out at vapor temperatures of -20, 30 or lower so tha-t it covers the heat-exchanger surfaces and congests or chokes the various lines. Therefore, in order to be usable in refrigeration machines at all, paraiiin-based oil must be cleaned as much as possible by removal of the parafn. In the entire refrigeration industry, a naphthene-based oil lubricant has therefore been utilized, or preferably utilized. All known attempts to produce a highly temperatureresistant mineral oil have therefore been made on the basis of using naphthene-based oils.
  • a parainbased oil free from components which crystallize out at low temperatures. It has been established, that if one intends to utilize a mineral oil lubricant in hermetic refrigeration machines at temperatures above 155 one must unquestionably use a paraffin-based oil. Only such an oil is capable of withstanding temperatures around a value of 200 C. for a long period of time. Furthermore, it has also been surprisingly established that this oil can be exposed to considerably higher temperatures for a short period of time. Normally carbon deposits form during high temperatures but tests, according to the invention show the absence of oil carbonization even at temperatures of 270 C.
  • the winding slots insulation preferably is composed of a plastic material which is heat resistant up to a temperature of 180 C. within the hermetic compressor whereas the wire insulation consists of a plastic material which is heat resistant to a temperature up to 220 C. within the operating environment in the hermetic compressor.
  • dimethylenecyclohexylenepolyester of terephthal acid for the winding slot insulation.
  • dimethylenecyclohexylenepolyester of terephthal acid for the winding slot insulation.
  • terephthalic acid ester which is known to be temperature-resistant up to 150 C.
  • terephthalaciddimethyl encyclohexylenepolyester has a temperature resistance up to 180 C. in an enclosed machine in the presence of a refrigerant.
  • fluorized polyethylenes such as polytetrailuorethylene, preferably chlorinecontaining polyuorethylene
  • polytetrailuorethylene preferably chlorinecontaining polyuorethylene
  • fluorized polyethylenes can be utilized for winding slot insulation.
  • Poly-tetratluorethylene is a known insulating material.
  • an expoxy resin can be used for the slot insulation, which, in addition to its good temperature. resistance, possesses the quality that it adheres directly onto the metal of the motor, thereby resulting in an especially stable and strong insulation.
  • a diaminopyromellitic acid compound is particularly suitable, which is resistant in the presence of the refrigerant to temperatures up to 220 C.
  • An insulation compound of pyrmedin-compound is also usable according to the invention.
  • the expressions combination or compound is herein employed in connection with synthetic materials mean that the synthetic material in the insulation need not necessarily be in a pure form but that additional substances can be contained. It is also rather surprising that also polyethylene terephthalate is suitable as wire-lacquer or insulation in a combination according to the invention.
  • a wire insulation is suitable in connection with which a thin coat of class C-lacquer is applied onto a copper wire with a further coat of phenolformvar thereon, whereby a temperature resistance of class H is obtained.
  • the naphthene-component can be reduced to a small value. This is in contrast to the up to now technical procedure, according to which-it was desired to utilize an oil with Ias high as possible naphthenecomponent.
  • the paraffin-based oil can be ⁇ additionally refined in a manner which applies to lubricants for nozzle-propulsion machines, gas turbines and turbocompressors.
  • lubricating oils have to be treated in order to prevent these lubricants from decomposing, inside the hot operating machine, into undesired components.
  • One of the preventive steps consists in removing the nitrogeneous heterogeneous aromatic components from the oil as much as possible. It is, of course, known to refine the aromatic components out in connection with oils. However, these aromatic components have essentially been considered as being secondary, and were only removed up to a certain extent. However, it is essential laccording to the invention that the portion of nitrogenous heterogeneous aromatics is considerably smaller than the portion of remaining arom'atics.
  • the aniline point which is to say that temperature at which aniline separates, should lie above 90 C., whereas this point in connection with normal oils lies approximately at temperatures of 60 to 80 C.
  • the aromatics should be removed completely, but only the less stable ones, namely those which are more easily oxidixable If one utilizes difluorodichloromethane las the refrigerant the synthetic materials of the insulation as well as the paraffin-based oil should be resistant to breakdown in the presence of diuoromonochloromethane in View of the fact that at those high operating temperatures, which are desired, part of the diuorodichloromethane is converted into difluoromonochloromcthane.
  • drying agent used in the refrigerant circuit a special selection has to be made on .account of the high temperatures involved.
  • ⁇ a synthetic sodium-aluminum-silicate a zeolite under the tradename LMS
  • this material possesses the advantage that it remains active after .a longer period of operation even if subjected to the influence of circulating oil entrained in the refrigerant.
  • the thermal circuit breaker or overload cutout can be adjusted to a temperature above C., preferably to temperatures between to 225 C.
  • a small refrigeration compressor which is designed with respect to its parts in customary and known manner, can therefore be loaded to a greater extent than could be done previously, which is to say that a machine of a certain capacity can generate a larger output of capacity than it could before.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a hermetic small refrigeration motorcompressor employing a lsystem of components according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional View of a motor stator in the motor-compressor in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the sectional view ⁇ in FIG. 2.
  • a hermetic capsule 1 encloses a motor-compressor 2.
  • the latter comprises a driving electric motor 3 for driving a piston in a pistoncylinder-arrangement 4.
  • a refrigerant suction line 5 is provided for supplying refrigerant which is compressed in the compressor and discharged through a pressure or hot line 6 shown fragmentarily in broken lines.
  • the interior of the capsule comprising a space 7 is under suction pressure by the compressor. collected in a sump or oil basin 8, and comprises a mineral oil having a paraffin base, from which have been rened out or removed those components which crystallize out at temperatures under 40 C.
  • a refrigerant-oil-mixture is obtained in the refrigerant circuit.
  • the motor 3 rotor and stator comprise winding slots 3a provided with lslot insulation as shown and windings having ⁇ lire insulation consisting of a synthetic material, which is resistant to the refrigerant up to a limiting temperature, which lies above 155 C. and preferably within a temperature range of 160 to 225 C.
  • the temperature resistance limit applies to the oil and the refrigerantoil mixture.
  • a switch box 9 is mounted on the capsule in which a circuit breaker or thermostat control 10 is arranged, which reacts to an over-temperature of the capsule wall, and turns off the compressor when over heated or over loaded.
  • the thermostat control 10 can be adjusted to trip at a temperature not less than at least 155 C.
  • the lubricating oil is Mineral oil lubricant Esso Zerise 43 (temperature (paran-based) resistant from 43 C. up
  • the above described refrigeration compressor is part of a refrigeration system, not shown, in which a refrigerant circuit, not shown, is connected between the hot line 6 and the suction line 5.
  • the drying agent used in the refrigerant circuit is preferably a synthetic Zeolite, for example, a sodium-aluminum-silicate.
  • a hermetic refrigeration compressor having a capsule, a motor driven compressor having a motor comprising insulated windings comprising insulated wire, and winding slots, in combination, a gaseous refrigerant in said capsule comprising halogenized hydrocarbons, a lubricant in said capsule comprising a paraffin-base mineral oil in contact with said refrigerant and resistant to reaction therewith, said oil comprising an oil pretreated to remove therefrom crystallizable constituents crystallizable and removable from the Ioil at temperatures below -40 C.; Wire insulation on said windings and insulation on said slots each comprising a separate synthetic material resistant to said refrigerant, said oil, and a mixture of said oil and said refrigerant, the synthetic materials being temperature resistant to temperatures over 155 C.
  • said fluorinated polyethylene comprises polytetrauorethylene.
  • said fluorinated polyethylene comprises chlorine-containing polyuorethylene.
  • paranabased oil is substantially free of nitrogenous heterogene aromatics.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
US346491A 1963-02-21 1964-02-21 Hermetically enclosed small refrigerating machine and procedure for the operation ofsaid machine Expired - Lifetime US3209992A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED40948A DE1193071B (de) 1963-02-21 1963-02-21 Hermetisch gekapselte Kleinkaeltemaschine und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3209992A true US3209992A (en) 1965-10-05

Family

ID=7045785

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US346491A Expired - Lifetime US3209992A (en) 1963-02-21 1964-02-21 Hermetically enclosed small refrigerating machine and procedure for the operation ofsaid machine

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3209992A (de)
DE (1) DE1193071B (de)
GB (1) GB1043452A (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4620425A (en) * 1985-08-12 1986-11-04 General Electric Company Thermal protector housing
US5034643A (en) * 1989-06-16 1991-07-23 Societe Anonyme A Directoire Called Pompes Salmson Magnetic circuit for the stator of an electric motor and stator equipped therewith
US5104560A (en) * 1989-12-05 1992-04-14 Calumet Industries, Inc. Anti-wear additive for refrigeration oil
US5109173A (en) * 1990-02-27 1992-04-28 Mabuchi Motor Co., Ltd. Rotor insulating core for miniature motors
US6176691B1 (en) 1997-04-22 2001-01-23 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Refrigerant compressor
WO2009066873A3 (en) * 2007-11-22 2010-11-11 Lg Electronics Inc. Motor for compressor and hermetic compressor having the same
WO2009066874A3 (en) * 2007-11-22 2010-11-11 Lg Electronics Inc. Motor for compressor and hermetic compressor having the same
US20110236234A1 (en) * 2010-03-29 2011-09-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Motor-driven compressor
US8450901B2 (en) 2007-11-22 2013-05-28 Lg Electronics Inc. Motor for compressor and hermetic compressor having the same

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2852470A (en) * 1954-10-15 1958-09-16 Gen Motors Corp Refrigeration composition
US2936296A (en) * 1954-12-10 1960-05-10 Gen Electric Polyesters from terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and a higher polyfunctional alcohol
US3034004A (en) * 1958-04-24 1962-05-08 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie High-duty insulation in sealed electric motors subjected to refrigerants, oils or the like

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2852470A (en) * 1954-10-15 1958-09-16 Gen Motors Corp Refrigeration composition
US2936296A (en) * 1954-12-10 1960-05-10 Gen Electric Polyesters from terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and a higher polyfunctional alcohol
US3034004A (en) * 1958-04-24 1962-05-08 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie High-duty insulation in sealed electric motors subjected to refrigerants, oils or the like

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4620425A (en) * 1985-08-12 1986-11-04 General Electric Company Thermal protector housing
US5034643A (en) * 1989-06-16 1991-07-23 Societe Anonyme A Directoire Called Pompes Salmson Magnetic circuit for the stator of an electric motor and stator equipped therewith
US5104560A (en) * 1989-12-05 1992-04-14 Calumet Industries, Inc. Anti-wear additive for refrigeration oil
US5109173A (en) * 1990-02-27 1992-04-28 Mabuchi Motor Co., Ltd. Rotor insulating core for miniature motors
US6176691B1 (en) 1997-04-22 2001-01-23 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Refrigerant compressor
US20110085926A1 (en) * 2007-11-22 2011-04-14 Hae-Ok Jung Motor for compressor and hermetic compressor having the same
WO2009066874A3 (en) * 2007-11-22 2010-11-11 Lg Electronics Inc. Motor for compressor and hermetic compressor having the same
US20100329906A1 (en) * 2007-11-22 2010-12-30 Hae-Ok Jung Motor for compressor and hermetic compressor having the same
WO2009066873A3 (en) * 2007-11-22 2010-11-11 Lg Electronics Inc. Motor for compressor and hermetic compressor having the same
US8390167B2 (en) 2007-11-22 2013-03-05 Lg Electronics Inc. Motor for compressor and hermetic compressor having the same
CN101911433B (zh) * 2007-11-22 2013-04-24 Lg电子株式会社 用于压缩机的马达和具有该马达的封闭式压缩机
US8441165B2 (en) 2007-11-22 2013-05-14 Lg Electronics Inc. Motor for compressor and hermetic compressor having the same
US8450901B2 (en) 2007-11-22 2013-05-28 Lg Electronics Inc. Motor for compressor and hermetic compressor having the same
EP2240995A4 (de) * 2007-11-22 2015-12-16 Lg Electronics Inc Motor für verdichter und hermetischer verdichter damit
US20110236234A1 (en) * 2010-03-29 2011-09-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Motor-driven compressor
US8622721B2 (en) * 2010-03-29 2014-01-07 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Motor driven compressor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1043452A (en) 1966-09-21
DE1193071B (de) 1965-05-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3209992A (en) Hermetically enclosed small refrigerating machine and procedure for the operation ofsaid machine
RU2126518C1 (ru) Холодильная установка
US3913346A (en) Liquid refrigerant injection system for hermetic electric motor driven helical screw compressor
US2682756A (en) Two temperature refrigerator system
US3146605A (en) Apparatus for cooling a refrigeration system motor
US3450338A (en) Hermetic refrigerant motor compressor unit
EP3421792B1 (de) Semi-hermetisch gekappselter verdichter zum betrieb mit ammoniak
US2672736A (en) Compressor cooling in refrigerating apparatus
US1719810A (en) Refrigerating machine
US3034004A (en) High-duty insulation in sealed electric motors subjected to refrigerants, oils or the like
US1922508A (en) Refrigerating apparatus
US1811090A (en) Refrigeration
SU920258A1 (ru) Герметичный холодильный компрессор
JPH08135572A (ja) 密閉型電動圧縮機
JPH07194045A (ja) 密閉型電動圧縮機
US1920845A (en) Refrigerating system
US1807871A (en) Refrigerating apparaus
US4423405A (en) Starting relay of the PTC resistor type in motocompressors for refrigerators
JP2932895B2 (ja) 車両用空調装置
US2547887A (en) Refrigerants and refrigeration processes
JP2003097441A (ja) 密閉型電動圧縮機
USRE20166E (en) Refrigerating machine
JPS6345487A (ja) 回転圧縮機
SU1020726A1 (ru) Способ криостатировани
JPH0336073B2 (de)