US3205048A - Process and apparatus for the simultaneous production of acetylene and ethylene - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for the simultaneous production of acetylene and ethylene Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3205048A
US3205048A US157999A US15799961A US3205048A US 3205048 A US3205048 A US 3205048A US 157999 A US157999 A US 157999A US 15799961 A US15799961 A US 15799961A US 3205048 A US3205048 A US 3205048A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cracking
acetylene
ethylene
tube
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US157999A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Elsner Horst
Diessel Heinz
Konermann Hans-Ewald
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dynamit Nobel AG
Original Assignee
Dynamit Nobel AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dynamit Nobel AG filed Critical Dynamit Nobel AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3205048A publication Critical patent/US3205048A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • C10G9/18—Apparatus
    • C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
    • C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
    • C07C4/04—Thermal processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
    • Y10S585/919—Apparatus considerations
    • Y10S585/921—Apparatus considerations using recited apparatus structure
    • Y10S585/924—Reactor shape or disposition
    • Y10S585/925—Dimension or proportion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
    • Y10S585/919—Apparatus considerations
    • Y10S585/921—Apparatus considerations using recited apparatus structure
    • Y10S585/924—Reactor shape or disposition
    • Y10S585/926—Plurality or verticality

Definitions

  • Known processes for the manufacture of acetylene may be divided into two groups in accordance with the type of heat supply employed and, namely, into processes in which the heat supply is direct or indirect.
  • Included among the processes characterized by direct heating are the electric arc heating processes, the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons under utilization of special burner constructions, jet introduction of hydrocarbons into hot combustion gases, cracking of hydrocarbons utilizing moving heat carriers and the cracking of hydrocarbons by regenerative furnace heating.
  • the second group of ethylene and acetylene manufacturing processes which are characterized in that the heat required for the cracking of the hydrocarbons is supplied externally or indirectly are further subdivided according to the type of dilution agent utilized and, namely, into processes carried out under decreased pressure, processes carried out under addition of normally gaseous inert agents and processes carried out under addition of water vapor.
  • One of the objects of the invention is to provide a relatively simple and practical process for the production of ethylene and acetylene gas by conversion of hydrocarbons avoiding the aforesaid disadvantages.
  • Another object of the invention is the production of ethylene and acetylene by conversion of hydrocarbons which can be carried out economically.
  • Still another object is an apparatus for use in the production of ethylene and acetylene by conversion of hydrocarbons which is easily operated and adaptable to accurate temperature control.
  • the invention provides a new and different process of simultaneously producing acetylene and ethylene by conversion of normally fluid hydrocarbons by subjecting the said hydrocarbons to a cracking process at a high temperature in admixture with residual cracking gases, foreign gases or vapors, which comprises carrying out the cracking of the hydrocarbons to olen and thereafter to aceylene and ethylene, in one cracking zone which is subdivided into two sub-zones; the time of stay and temperature of the conversion gas in each of the said zones being determined by the profile thereof and specifically by the ratio of the heating surface to Volume ratio for one of said zones with respect tothe other; the ratio of the heating surface to volume of the second sub-zone being increased with respect to the same ratio prevailing in the irst said sub-zone; the heat required for heating the first or oleiin sub-zone being excess or waste heat produced in indirectly heating the second or acetylene and ethylene production sub-zone.
  • a cracking tube in accordance with the invention, may be produced with non-circular profiling by treatment of a circular tube so as, by heat deformation, to press flat various sections thereof.
  • benzine, propane, and butane As starting hydrocarbons for use in the production of ethylene and acetylene, in accordance with the invention there may be advantageously used benzine, propane, and butane.
  • the conversion reaction is carried out at temperatures of within the range of 700 to 1000 C. for the olefin zone, and temperatures within the range of 900 to 1150 C. for the ethylene-acetylene zone.
  • the time of stay in the olein splitting zone amounts to between 0.04-05 second, whereas the time of stay in the ethylene-acetylene splitting zone amounts to between 0.0l-0.1 second.
  • ratios of the hydrocarbon to be converted:water vaporzinert gas fall within the following range 1:10-65: l-4.
  • FIG. 1 is a vetrical section showing the general arrangement of apparatus in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a section taken along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a section taken along the line 3--3 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a further view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 taken on line 4-4 of FIG. 1 looking in the direction of the arrows.
  • the tube 1 which extends through a furnace chamber 5 is divided into two cracking subzones, or chambers 2 and 3 which are inter-connected by the integrally formed tubular transition member 4.
  • the first cracking chamber 2 is of substantially uniform circular cross section as shown by FIG. 2 and has an inlet extending beyond the furnace chamber 5 for the introduction of the hydrocarbon and diluting agent mixture.
  • the second cracking chamber 3 is also of substantially uniform cross-section as shown by FIGS. 3 and 4, but diters from that of the rst chamber 2 in that it is a flattened oval, rather than circular, and has substantially parallel flattened broadsides 6 which are directed toward the source of heating provided in the facing furnace wall.
  • the second cracking chamber 3 has an outlet extending beyond the furnace 5 for the removal of the ethylene and acetylene product.
  • the individual lengths and cross-sectional areas of the chambers 2 and 3 are selected so as to be inter-related with a length ratio ranging from 1:1 to 1:2 and an area ratio ranging from 1:1 to 3:1 as between Said chambers 2 and 3 respectively.
  • the ratio of the heating surface to volume of the first sub-zone to the ratio of the heating surface to the volume of the second sub-zone falls within the range of 1:2 to 1:5.
  • a plurality of cross-pieces, or vanes 8 which extend transversely through said tube section 3 and project from the flattened broadsides 6 thereof.
  • These vanes 8 connector join together the opposing broadsides 6, and thereby serve as supporting or reinforcing elements for maintaining the cracking tube profile, and simultaneously act as gas stream impingement or impact elements.
  • a turbulence in the flowing gas stream which is very important in improving the heat exchange in the tube section 3.
  • the extraordinarily high conversions of the hydrocarbons are achieved by maintaining the hydrocarbon in the olen zone for a period which is respectively greater and at a temperature which is less than the period of stay and temperature of the subsequent ethylene and acetylene. It is in the latter zone that the oleiins formed are .further split to ethylene and acetylene and where the high temperatures and short exposure period are critical.
  • the achievement of the short exposure periods ie., 10r1' to 102 seconds and temperatures of 1100 C.-was not satisfactorily obtainable. It is only through the combination of tube sections differing in profile and in cross-section, as taught herein, that the short periods of stay at the indicated high temperature as required for ⁇ the formation of ethylene and acetylene have been achieved.
  • Example 1 The apparatus employed in the instant example of a process embodying the invention includes tube sections 2 and 3 dirnensioned as follows:
  • the apparatus as used in this run was composed of tube sections 2 and 3 as follows:
  • Tube section 2 olen zone (circular tube):
  • An apparatus for simultaneously producing ethylene and acetylene by thermal cracking of a hydrocarbon which comprises:
  • a tubular transition member which connects the outlet of said iirst cracking chamber to the inlet of said second cracking chamber, whereby when the furnace is heated, a hydrocarbon introduced into said first cracking chamber is heated therein and converted into an oleiin which passes through said transition member into said second cracking chamber where it is further heated, said vanes aiding the heating by inducing a turbulent flow of said olefin therein, with the ethylene and acetylene product being removed at the outlet of said second cracking charnber.
  • first tubular cracking chamber is of substantially uniform circular cross-section
  • second tubular cracking chamber is of a substantially uniform flattened oval cross-section having a pair of substantially parallel flattened broadsides
  • transition member is integrally formed with said iirst and second cracking chambers, with the lengths of the portions of said cracking chambers within the furnace being such that the heating surface to volume ratio of said iirst and second cracking chambers is within the respective range of 1:2 to 1:5.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US157999A 1960-12-22 1961-12-08 Process and apparatus for the simultaneous production of acetylene and ethylene Expired - Lifetime US3205048A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED35004A DE1262994B (de) 1960-12-22 1960-12-22 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur gleichzeitigen Herstellung von Acetylen und AEthylen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3205048A true US3205048A (en) 1965-09-07

Family

ID=7042443

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US157999A Expired - Lifetime US3205048A (en) 1960-12-22 1961-12-08 Process and apparatus for the simultaneous production of acetylene and ethylene

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3205048A (bg)
BE (1) BE605880A (bg)
DE (1) DE1262994B (bg)
FR (1) FR1297622A (bg)
GB (1) GB953137A (bg)
NL (1) NL267568A (bg)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3480686A (en) * 1966-11-24 1969-11-25 Solvay Procedure for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons
US4194966A (en) * 1975-07-25 1980-03-25 Atlantic Richfield Company Apparatus and method for improved fluid distribution in a tube of a direct fired heater
US4342642A (en) * 1978-05-30 1982-08-03 The Lummus Company Steam pyrolysis of hydrocarbons
US4997525A (en) * 1986-06-25 1991-03-05 Naphtachimie S.A. Hydrocarbon cracking apparatus
US5945062A (en) * 1992-03-17 1999-08-31 The Carborundum Company Silicon carbide reinforced reaction bonded silicon carbide composite
US20120171090A1 (en) * 2010-12-31 2012-07-05 Resi Corporation Continuous tubular flow reactor and corrugated reactor tube for the reactor
US20120251407A1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2012-10-04 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Furnace coil fins
US20120275966A1 (en) * 2011-04-28 2012-11-01 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A Furnace Coil with Protuberances on the External Surface

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2600641B1 (fr) * 1986-06-25 1988-10-07 Naphtachimie Sa Procede et four de vapocraquage d'hydrocarbures gazeux destines a la fabrication d'olefines et de diolefines
FR2600642B1 (fr) * 1986-06-25 1988-10-07 Naphtachimie Sa Procede et four de vapocraquage d'hydrocarbures gazeux pour la fabrication d'olefines et de diolefines
ES2018664B3 (es) * 1986-06-25 1991-05-01 Naphtachimie Sa Procedimiento y horno de vapocraqueado de hidrocarburos destinados a la fabricación de olefinas y de diolefinas.

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1777782A (en) * 1929-02-11 1930-10-07 Bundy Tubing Co Externally and internally finned tube and method therefor
US2190349A (en) * 1937-01-05 1940-02-13 Bryant Heater Co Heater
US2463997A (en) * 1944-06-19 1949-03-08 Calumet And Hecla Cons Copper Method of making integral external and internal finned tubing
US2679544A (en) * 1951-08-07 1954-05-25 Union Oil Co Manufacture of acetylene and mixtures of acetylene and hydrogen cyanide
US2786877A (en) * 1953-03-09 1957-03-26 Secr Defence Brit Method and apparatus for carrying out thermal decompositions
US2816942A (en) * 1954-03-29 1957-12-17 Union Oil Co Production of acetylene

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB479438A (en) * 1936-08-04 1938-02-04 Henry Dreyfus Improvements in the production of acetylene
DE859152C (de) * 1949-07-26 1952-12-11 Petrocarbon Ltd Verfahren zur Umwandlung fluessiger Kohlenwasserstoffe in olefinhaltige Gase und aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1777782A (en) * 1929-02-11 1930-10-07 Bundy Tubing Co Externally and internally finned tube and method therefor
US2190349A (en) * 1937-01-05 1940-02-13 Bryant Heater Co Heater
US2463997A (en) * 1944-06-19 1949-03-08 Calumet And Hecla Cons Copper Method of making integral external and internal finned tubing
US2679544A (en) * 1951-08-07 1954-05-25 Union Oil Co Manufacture of acetylene and mixtures of acetylene and hydrogen cyanide
US2786877A (en) * 1953-03-09 1957-03-26 Secr Defence Brit Method and apparatus for carrying out thermal decompositions
US2816942A (en) * 1954-03-29 1957-12-17 Union Oil Co Production of acetylene

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3480686A (en) * 1966-11-24 1969-11-25 Solvay Procedure for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons
US4194966A (en) * 1975-07-25 1980-03-25 Atlantic Richfield Company Apparatus and method for improved fluid distribution in a tube of a direct fired heater
US4342642A (en) * 1978-05-30 1982-08-03 The Lummus Company Steam pyrolysis of hydrocarbons
US4997525A (en) * 1986-06-25 1991-03-05 Naphtachimie S.A. Hydrocarbon cracking apparatus
US5945062A (en) * 1992-03-17 1999-08-31 The Carborundum Company Silicon carbide reinforced reaction bonded silicon carbide composite
US20120171090A1 (en) * 2010-12-31 2012-07-05 Resi Corporation Continuous tubular flow reactor and corrugated reactor tube for the reactor
US20120251407A1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2012-10-04 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Furnace coil fins
US9132409B2 (en) * 2011-03-31 2015-09-15 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Furnace coil fins
US20160001257A1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2016-01-07 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Furnace coil fins
US10016741B2 (en) * 2011-03-31 2018-07-10 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Furnace coil fins
US10022699B2 (en) * 2011-03-31 2018-07-17 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Furnace coil fins
US20120275966A1 (en) * 2011-04-28 2012-11-01 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A Furnace Coil with Protuberances on the External Surface
US8790602B2 (en) * 2011-04-28 2014-07-29 Nova Chemicals (International) S. A. Furnace coil with protuberances on the external surface

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB953137A (en) 1964-03-25
BE605880A (bg)
DE1262994B (de) 1968-03-14
FR1297622A (fr) 1962-06-29
NL267568A (bg)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3205048A (en) Process and apparatus for the simultaneous production of acetylene and ethylene
US2851337A (en) Carbon black process
US2377245A (en) Process for producing acetylene
US3487121A (en) Hydrocarbon process
KR900005091B1 (ko) 열 분해 히터
US2431632A (en) Heater for high temperature reactions and conversions
US4057613A (en) Process for producing carbon disulfide
US3964873A (en) Heating device having dumbbell-shaped reaction tubes therein
EP0492678A2 (en) Process and apparatus for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons
US3527565A (en) Steam reforming of carbon monoxide rich hydrocarbon feeds
JPS6366290A (ja) スチ−ムクラッキングによるオレフィンおよびジオレフィンの製造方法および装置
SU280739A1 (ru) Процесс окислительного дегидрировани
US3542894A (en) Production of acetylene
US4044068A (en) Process and apparatus for autothermic cracking of ethane to ethylene
SU707509A3 (ru) Реактор дл проведени процессов расщеплени газообразных углеворородов
US3055957A (en) Process and apparatus for production of unsaturated hydrocarbons
US3055738A (en) Production of nitriles
US2998464A (en) Quench system
US3178488A (en) Production of unsaturates by the nonuniform mixing of paraffin hydrocarbons with hot combustion gases
US2002525A (en) Thermal treatment of gases and vapors
JPH0813972B2 (ja) 炭化水素の水蒸気分解によるオレフィンおよびジオレフィンの製造方法およびそのための装置
US2697032A (en) Acetylene gas producer
US3073875A (en) Process for preparation of acetylene
US3409406A (en) Apparatus for the production of carbon black
US3161695A (en) Process for making acetylene