US3203884A - Bath and method for anodic brightening of metals - Google Patents
Bath and method for anodic brightening of metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3203884A US3203884A US70142A US7014260A US3203884A US 3203884 A US3203884 A US 3203884A US 70142 A US70142 A US 70142A US 7014260 A US7014260 A US 7014260A US 3203884 A US3203884 A US 3203884A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bath
- brightening
- anodic
- metals
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 CARBON STEEL Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910004039 HBF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/16—Polishing
Definitions
- Our invention relates to a method and bath for anodic brightening of metals and alloys, particularly unalloyed steel.
- chrome-nickel steel can be anodically polished in mixtures of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. Unalloyed carbon steel, however, cannot be satisfactorily brightened in this manner. For anodically brightening such steel it is rather necessary to use mixtures of perchloric acid and acetic acid, or the like mixed baths which must be used with particularly severe safety expedients because they involve explosion hazard if a given bath temperature is exceeded.
- the water content of the bath may amount to 50 to 250 grams per liter. Particularly favorable results are obtained at 150 to 200 grams per liter of water.
- the anodic brightening or polishing baths according to the invention form a stable blanket of foam during electrolysis, such blanket being not observed when operating with pure phosphoric acid.
- the baths can be produced in a simple manner by mixing commercially available acids. For adjusting the desired water content, phosphorus pentoxide may be added if desired.
- polishing baths according to the invention is completely free of danger and not detrimental to health.
- the following example relates to the anodic brightening of carbon steel without alloying constituents.
- Bath concentration 25 g./l. HBF 200 g./l. water Current density: 20 to 50 A./dm. preferably 30 to 40 A/dm.
- Bath voltage 10 volt Temperature: 20 to C., preferably 30 to 40 C.
- Baths according to the invention are suitable particularly for the anodic polishing of carbon steel. They are also suitable for the brightening of the other metals including chrome-nickel steel, copper, brass, aluminum and varied within wide limits. 40 light metal alloys.
- mixtures of phosphoric acid and finoboric acid are excellently suitable for anodic polishing of carbon steel; and we have also found that such mixtures achieve an augmented brightening effect upon other metals and metal alloys at such loW processing temperatures as 30 to 40 C., for example.
- the method of anodically brightening carbon steel which comprises anodically treating the steel in an electrolyte bath consisting of water-containing phosphoric acid and an addition of fiuoboric acid in an amount of l to 200 grams per liter, the water content of the bath being 50 to 250 grams per liter, at a temperature of about 30 C. to about 40 C. and a current density of about 30 to 40 amperes per square decirneter.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
Description
United States Patent Ofi 3,203,884 Patented Aug. 31, 1965 ice corporation No Drawing. Filed Nov. '18, 1960, 'Ser. No. 70,142
Claims priority, application Germany, Nov. 20, 1959,
' 6 89 3 Ciaims. ci. 204-1405) Our invention relates to a method and bath for anodic brightening of metals and alloys, particularly unalloyed steel.
Many metals and metal alloys can be brightened by anodic treatment in mixtures of :acids. For example, chrome-nickel steel can be anodically polished in mixtures of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. Unalloyed carbon steel, however, cannot be satisfactorily brightened in this manner. For anodically brightening such steel it is rather necessary to use mixtures of perchloric acid and acetic acid, or the like mixed baths which must be used with particularly severe safety expedients because they involve explosion hazard if a given bath temperature is exceeded. It has also been proposed to use acid mixtures which contain chromic acid, for the purpose of anodic brightening of carbon steel, but these chromicacid mixtures rapidly change their composition during use and their regeneration is difiicult. Various types of steel, particularly chrome-nickel steels, have also been polished by using mixtures of sulfuric acid and fluoboric acid. Tests have shown that such baths can be used to some extent when employing an electrolyte according to US. Patent 2,542,779 of the following composition: 45% H 80 13% HBF (26% solution) and 42% water at 60 to 75 C. However, no polishing effect upon carbon steel could be obtained in the same bath although temperature and electric current density were It is notable that the content of fluoboric acid in the mixture can be varied Within wide limits without impairing the polishing action. For example, a very good performance was obtained With a bath content of 1.1 gram per liter of fluoboric acid, and a still good eiiect with a content of 200 grams fiuoboric acid per liter. In contrast thereto, pure phosphoric acid as well as pure fiuoboric acid are completely inelfective to produce anodic polishing.
The water content of the bath may amount to 50 to 250 grams per liter. Particularly favorable results are obtained at 150 to 200 grams per liter of water.
The anodic brightening or polishing baths according to the invention form a stable blanket of foam during electrolysis, such blanket being not observed when operating with pure phosphoric acid. The baths can be produced in a simple manner by mixing commercially available acids. For adjusting the desired water content, phosphorus pentoxide may be added if desired.
The operation of the polishing baths according to the invention is completely free of danger and not detrimental to health.
The following example relates to the anodic brightening of carbon steel without alloying constituents.
Bath constituents: 37 ml. HBF -solution of 27 B.; 0.63
liter H3PO4,
Bath concentration: 25 g./l. HBF 200 g./l. water Current density: 20 to 50 A./dm. preferably 30 to 40 A/dm.
Bath voltage: 10 volt Temperature: 20 to C., preferably 30 to 40 C.
Further examples of bath compositions and operating conditions are indicated in the table attached to this specification.
Baths according to the invention are suitable particularly for the anodic polishing of carbon steel. They are also suitable for the brightening of the other metals including chrome-nickel steel, copper, brass, aluminum and varied within wide limits. 40 light metal alloys.
Table Constitutents Bath composition in g./1. of water Current density, Temper- Polishing AJdeciature, action on H POi, d. 1.75, HBF4 Further meter 2 C. C-Steel mi. sol., 27 additions HBF4 P 0 H20 B., ml
672 560 40 30-40 None (black surface). 200 1, 070 108 40 30-40 Good.
50 1, 040 220 30-40 30-40 Very good. 25 1, 086 206 30-40 30-40 Do. 7 l, 117 196 30-40 30-40 Do. 1. 1 1, 126 193 30-10 30-40 Do. 0. 1, 127 193 30-40 30-40 Good. 0.27 1,128 193 30-40 30-40 Slight (bright veiledfi. 0. 07 1, 128 193 30-40 30-40 None.
1 Permanent foam blanket.
It is an object of our invention to provide a brightening or polishing bath which secures satisfactory results even when used for unalloyed carbon steel, Without danger of explosion or other health hazards.
We have discovered that mixtures of phosphoric acid and finoboric acid are excellently suitable for anodic polishing of carbon steel; and we have also found that such mixtures achieve an augmented brightening effect upon other metals and metal alloys at such loW processing temperatures as 30 to 40 C., for example.
2 Foaming commences.
of the bath being 150 to 200 grams per liter.
3. The method of anodically brightening carbon steel, which comprises anodically treating the steel in an electrolyte bath consisting of water-containing phosphoric acid and an addition of fiuoboric acid in an amount of l to 200 grams per liter, the water content of the bath being 50 to 250 grams per liter, at a temperature of about 30 C. to about 40 C. and a current density of about 30 to 40 amperes per square decirneter.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,108,603 2/38 Mason 204-1405 4 Bartlett 204-1405 Wiesner 204-1405 Neill 204-146 Swihart 41-42 Robinson 204-1405 DAquila 204140.5 Swagler 204-1405 Wernlund 204140.5 Satterfield 25279.3
JOHN H. MACK, Primary Examiner.
JOSEPH REBOLD, Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. BATH FOR ANOIDIC BRIGHTENING OF METALS AND ALLOYS, PARTICULARLY CARBON STEEL, CONSISTING OF WATER-CONTAINING PHOSPHORIC ACID AND AN ADDITION OF FLUOBORIC ACID IN AN AMOUNT OF 1 TO 200 GRAMS PER LITER, THE WATER CONTENT OF THE BATH BEING 50 TO 250 GRAMS PER LITER.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DES65896A DE1107043B (en) | 1959-11-20 | 1959-11-20 | Bath and process for anodic glazing of metals and metal alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3203884A true US3203884A (en) | 1965-08-31 |
Family
ID=7498390
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US70142A Expired - Lifetime US3203884A (en) | 1959-11-20 | 1960-11-18 | Bath and method for anodic brightening of metals |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3203884A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1107043B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1280630A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB912868A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3784424A (en) * | 1971-09-27 | 1974-01-08 | Gen Electric | Process for boron containing glasses useful with semiconductor devices |
| US3793172A (en) * | 1972-09-01 | 1974-02-19 | Western Electric Co | Processes and baths for electro-stripping plated metal deposits from articles |
| US3859222A (en) * | 1971-07-19 | 1975-01-07 | North American Rockwell | Silicon nitride-silicon oxide etchant |
| US4944986A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1990-07-31 | Zuel Company | Anti-reflective glass surface |
| US5120605A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1992-06-09 | Zuel Company, Inc. | Anti-reflective glass surface |
| US6929861B2 (en) | 2002-03-05 | 2005-08-16 | Zuel Company, Inc. | Anti-reflective glass surface with improved cleanability |
| US20130092554A1 (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2013-04-18 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Electropolishing solution containing phosphorous pentoxide and methods of use thereof |
| US11779477B2 (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2023-10-10 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Radiopaque intraluminal stents |
| US11806488B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2023-11-07 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Medical device including a solderable linear elastic nickel-titanium distal end section and methods of preparation therefor |
| US12151049B2 (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2024-11-26 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Methods for manufacturing radiopaque intraluminal stents comprising cobalt-based alloys with supersaturated tungsten content |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2108603A (en) * | 1933-08-02 | 1938-02-15 | Aluminum Co Of America | Production of aluminum reflecting surfaces |
| US2475586A (en) * | 1943-04-09 | 1949-07-12 | Thompson Prod Inc | Method of electropolishing the internal surface of a hollow valve |
| US2521106A (en) * | 1946-01-19 | 1950-09-05 | C G Coun Ltd | Method and bath for electropolishing |
| US2542779A (en) * | 1948-01-07 | 1951-02-20 | Columbus Metal Products Inc | Electropolishing composition and process |
| US2662814A (en) * | 1949-08-27 | 1953-12-15 | Diversey Corp | Method and composition for chemically polishing metals |
| US2861930A (en) * | 1956-09-13 | 1958-11-25 | Smith Corp A O | Method of electropolishing and electrolytic solution therefor |
| US2920023A (en) * | 1955-04-04 | 1960-01-05 | Chrysler Corp | Electrolytic cleaning of metal and composition therefor |
| US2935455A (en) * | 1958-01-08 | 1960-05-03 | Poor & Co | Metal polishing compositions and electropolishing of metals therewith |
| US2986499A (en) * | 1958-01-17 | 1961-05-30 | Du Pont | Electropolishing steel |
| US3010854A (en) * | 1954-12-31 | 1961-11-28 | Armco Steel Corp | Pickling solution and method |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2740755A (en) * | 1953-04-01 | 1956-04-03 | Dwight E Couch | Electropolishing with phosphorous acid |
-
1959
- 1959-11-20 DE DES65896A patent/DE1107043B/en active Pending
-
1960
- 1960-11-17 FR FR844239A patent/FR1280630A/en not_active Expired
- 1960-11-18 GB GB39836/60A patent/GB912868A/en not_active Expired
- 1960-11-18 US US70142A patent/US3203884A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2108603A (en) * | 1933-08-02 | 1938-02-15 | Aluminum Co Of America | Production of aluminum reflecting surfaces |
| US2475586A (en) * | 1943-04-09 | 1949-07-12 | Thompson Prod Inc | Method of electropolishing the internal surface of a hollow valve |
| US2521106A (en) * | 1946-01-19 | 1950-09-05 | C G Coun Ltd | Method and bath for electropolishing |
| US2542779A (en) * | 1948-01-07 | 1951-02-20 | Columbus Metal Products Inc | Electropolishing composition and process |
| US2662814A (en) * | 1949-08-27 | 1953-12-15 | Diversey Corp | Method and composition for chemically polishing metals |
| US3010854A (en) * | 1954-12-31 | 1961-11-28 | Armco Steel Corp | Pickling solution and method |
| US2920023A (en) * | 1955-04-04 | 1960-01-05 | Chrysler Corp | Electrolytic cleaning of metal and composition therefor |
| US2861930A (en) * | 1956-09-13 | 1958-11-25 | Smith Corp A O | Method of electropolishing and electrolytic solution therefor |
| US2935455A (en) * | 1958-01-08 | 1960-05-03 | Poor & Co | Metal polishing compositions and electropolishing of metals therewith |
| US2986499A (en) * | 1958-01-17 | 1961-05-30 | Du Pont | Electropolishing steel |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3859222A (en) * | 1971-07-19 | 1975-01-07 | North American Rockwell | Silicon nitride-silicon oxide etchant |
| US3784424A (en) * | 1971-09-27 | 1974-01-08 | Gen Electric | Process for boron containing glasses useful with semiconductor devices |
| US3793172A (en) * | 1972-09-01 | 1974-02-19 | Western Electric Co | Processes and baths for electro-stripping plated metal deposits from articles |
| US4944986A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1990-07-31 | Zuel Company | Anti-reflective glass surface |
| US5120605A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1992-06-09 | Zuel Company, Inc. | Anti-reflective glass surface |
| US6929861B2 (en) | 2002-03-05 | 2005-08-16 | Zuel Company, Inc. | Anti-reflective glass surface with improved cleanability |
| US11779477B2 (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2023-10-10 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Radiopaque intraluminal stents |
| US12150872B2 (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2024-11-26 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Radiopaque intraluminal stents |
| US11806488B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2023-11-07 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Medical device including a solderable linear elastic nickel-titanium distal end section and methods of preparation therefor |
| US20130092554A1 (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2013-04-18 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Electropolishing solution containing phosphorous pentoxide and methods of use thereof |
| US8613849B2 (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2013-12-24 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Electropolishing solution containing phosphorous pentoxide and methods of use thereof |
| US12151049B2 (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2024-11-26 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Methods for manufacturing radiopaque intraluminal stents comprising cobalt-based alloys with supersaturated tungsten content |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1280630A (en) | 1962-01-08 |
| DE1107043B (en) | 1961-05-18 |
| GB912868A (en) | 1962-12-12 |
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