US3186045A - Method of casting composite cooking vessel - Google Patents

Method of casting composite cooking vessel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3186045A
US3186045A US72388A US7238860A US3186045A US 3186045 A US3186045 A US 3186045A US 72388 A US72388 A US 72388A US 7238860 A US7238860 A US 7238860A US 3186045 A US3186045 A US 3186045A
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United States
Prior art keywords
aluminum
layer
bottom portion
cooking vessel
stainless steel
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US72388A
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English (en)
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Lagostina Adriano
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
    • A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/0045—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product household utensils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C6/00—Coating by casting molten material on the substrate

Definitions

  • stainless steel made cooking vessels namely pots, pans, frying-pans, sauce-pans and the like, may be greatly improved by applying to the outer face of the bottom portion thereof a layer of substantial thickness of aluminum or of aluminum based alloy which possesses a high heat conductivity, in view of improving the heat absorption characteristic of the cooking vessel and improve the uniform distribution of heat throughout the bottom area of the cooking implement;
  • Such light metal made heat conductive layer should obviously be fixedly secured to the adjacent portion of the stainless steel made structure to form therewith a composite structure which would withstand severe stresses, mechanical deformation, wide and abrupt variation temperature, andthe like, without separation at the zone between the two metals.
  • the outer face and edge portion of the light metal coated vessel would'be provided with satisfyingly fiat and smooth surfaces.
  • the said preliminary step of prior methods includes, in general, the forming of thin layer of aluminum on the thoroughly cleaned surface of the stainless steel, by dipping the uncoated vessel in molten aluminum, or by spraying the stainless steel surface with molten aluminum, said thin layer being proved as adapted for a substantially satisfactory and integrally bonding thereof the said layer of substantial thickness.
  • the said second or coating step of the prior methods includes the forming of the aluminum or aluminum based alloy made layer of the desired thickness, such layer being generally applied by casting the molten aluminum or alloy on the article, preferably by placing a mold about the previously coated surface of the article and pouring molten aluminum in contact therewith to the desired thickness.
  • a substantially homogeneous layer of aluminum is provided on the surface of the article which is secured by the bond of the said previously applied thin preliminary coating.
  • This relatively c lC thick layer of aluminum must be then machined by placing the article on a lathe or otherwise mechanically treated to produce the finished product for commercial purpose.
  • the said above methods are subject to the objection that the machining of molten and solidified layer of aluminum is rather expensive and, in addition, may cause the said layer to be separated from the base stainless steel structure of the cooking vessel, and that the cast aluminum may not be compact, homogeneous and poreless as desirable.
  • the second step consists of immediately providing such cleaned and preferably roughened surface with a first thin layer of aluminum or of aluminum based alloy adapted to embody a preliminary coated surface on which the layer of substantial thickness may be integrally bonded.
  • the third step consists in producing and applying the said substantially thick layer of aluminum or of aluminum based alloy on said previously coated surface, by pressure die casting the light metal on and about the said surface, namely by placing a pressure resisting die mold on and about the said previously coated surface of the article and defining together with said surface a closed space dimensioned and shaped to produce the finished coating thereinto, by supporting the bottom portion of the stainless steel made vessel by means of a counter-die placed thereinto, and by injecting pressurized molten aluminum or aluminum based alloy in said closed space.
  • FIGURE 1 is partly a side elevation and partly a vertical sectional view of a cooking vessel, namely of a stainless steel made pot provided with a heat conductive coating produced according ,to the invention;
  • FIGURE 2 diagrammatically illustrates the step of producing the preliminary thin coating on the bare stainless steel surface, according to a preferred form of embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 3 diagrammatically illustrates the step of die casting the heat conductive and substantially thick coating and the apparatus provided therefor.
  • FIG. 1 of theaccompanying drawing there is shown a cooking implement, namely a cooking pot 16 made of stainless steel sheet metal, and produced by applying current knowledge of the art to which this invention appertains.
  • Such pot It includes a flat bottom portion ll. having rounded edge portions at 15 in flush with the side portions of the pot.
  • the shape of such cooking implement may be obviously varied according to its particular use, name- 1y according to the use of article say as a pan, for example.
  • Such stainless steel made article is provided with a heat conductive light metal made bottom outer layer 12, integrally connected to said bottom portion 11 and preferably with part of said rounded edge portions 15.
  • Such heat conductive layer may be made of pure aluminum or of an aluminum based alloy, if desired.
  • Such outer layer 12 is of substantial thickness; for example, such layer may be 2 millimeters to 8 millimeters thick. The thickness of such layer 12 is matter of choice and depends from various considerations, either in view of the particular cooking use of the article and of the desired cost of the finished article on sale.
  • the said outer layer 12 is provided with an essentially fiat and smooth outer face 13 and with properly shaped and smooth edge portions 44.
  • the method includes a first step consisting of a preferably but not necessarily chemical thorough cleaning of the outer surface of said bottom portion 11 and of the adjacent rounded portions at 15 of the stainless steel made article, followed by a substantial roughening of said cleaned surface, say by sand-blasting.
  • Such mechanical roughening action may be advantageously substituted by a chemical slightly erosive action exerted by the chemically cleaning agent, if desired. It is believed that no further description is necessary for making apparent such first step of the method, in consideration of the fact that such cleaning and roughening procedure is Well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the second step of the method is diagrammatically shown in FIG. 2.
  • Such second step is preferably performed immediately after the said first step, for preventing oxidation of the bare metal.
  • Such second step is directed to provide the said outer surface of bottom portion of the article with a thin layer 16 of light metal for making the outer bottom surface adapted for inimately and integrally forming and connecting the layer 12 of substantial thickness thereon.
  • Such second step is preferably performed by spraying droplets of molten light metal on the cleaned surface, the said spraying operation being diagrammatically indicated in FIG. 2 by a plurality of arrows 17.
  • Such spraying essentially embodies the utilization of a well known procedure of pressure spray-metallization, and it may be performed by applying the current techniques and tools of such procedure.
  • the said spray procedure may be preferably improved by performing the same spraying on pre-heated stainless article, heated in an oven to a temperature slightly lower than the melting temperature of the light metal or alloy to be sprayed.
  • the bare stainless steel made article is preferably heated at 450 to 500 C. and most preferably to 480 C., to ensure the most desirable inimate bond of the light metal to the poorly heat conductive stainless steel.
  • the third step of the method of the invention is the most critical of the invention itself and leads to new and unexpected results.
  • Such step is performed by making use of a proper high pressure die-casting apparatus produced and operated according to current art and including a die mold 18 adapted to be applied to the bottom portion 11 of the cooking vessel to be coated and defining therewith a closed space 19 an inner surface of which is formed by the said bottom portion 11 previously provided with the thin coating 16, the thickness and the shape of said space 19 corresponding to the desired thickness and shape of the finished layer 12 (FIG. 1) to be produced.
  • the said layer is produced by injecting pressurized molten light metal 20 into said space 19 by means of a suitable die casting injector generally indicated at 21, while the bottom portion 11 of the article thoroughly abuts on a counter-die 22 snugly fitting inside the cooking vessel, whereby deformation of said bottom portion 11 by the remarkable pressure exerted by the pressurized molten metal injected into said chamber 19 is fully prevented.
  • the injection of the said pressurized molten metal 20 into the said chamber 19 is made via a small sized nozzle passage 23 provided in the die mold wall, preferably at the centre thereof, whereby the obtained die-cast layer 12 will not retain substantial discards or dead head portions to be removed therefrom.
  • the substantial mass of the molten material pressurizedly injected in the chamber 19 makes not strictly necessary a pre-heating of the article to be provided with the desired coating 12, owing to the high specific heat of aluminum, but the pre-heating of the article at least at C. has been found advantageous for improving the intimate bond of the aluminum to stainless steel.
  • Such pre-heating may be made not necessary by immediately transferring the article from the spray-metallization apparatus of second step to the pressure molding apparatus, so that sufiicient heat is retained in the article for improving the result of third step, as above described.
  • a surprising not porous and uniform coating 12 may be produced, capable to withstand the most severe mechanical and thermal shocks, and provided with a properly shaped, flat and smooth surface, so that further machining of the article may be useless, a simple smoothing and finishing operation having been proved as suflicient for imparting to the article the most desirable appearance for the sale thereof.
  • a method of forming a heat-conductive coating on the outer surface of the bottom portion of a stainless steel cooking vessel comprising the steps of cleaning the outer surface of said bottom portion; preheating at least said bottom portion of said cooking vessel to a temperature ranging from 450 C. to 500 C.; spraying said outer'surface of said bottom portion with an aluminum-containing metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum and aluminum alloys so as to produce an initial relatively thin, aluminum containing coating thereon; and die-casting under pressure on said initially coated surface a layer of a greater thickness, and of aluminum-containing metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum and aluminum alloys.
  • a method of forming a heat-conductive coating on the outer surfaces of the flat bottom portion and adjacent rounded edge portion of a stainless steel cooking vessel comprising the steps of cleaning the outer surfaces of said bottom and edge portions; preheating at least said bottom and edge portions of the cooking vessel to a temperature ranging from 450 C. to 500 C.; spraying said outer surfaces of said bottom and edge portions with substantially pure aluminum to produce an initial filmlike, aluminum coating thereon; and die-casting under pressure on said initially coated surfaces a layer of a 5 substantially greater thickness and of aluminum-containing metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum and aluminum alloys.
  • MICHAEL V. BRINDISI Primary Examiner.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US72388A 1959-12-03 1960-11-29 Method of casting composite cooking vessel Expired - Lifetime US3186045A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2009159 1959-12-03

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US3186045A true US3186045A (en) 1965-06-01

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US (1) US3186045A (fr)
BE (1) BE597649A (fr)
CH (1) CH372807A (fr)
ES (1) ES262944A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1276884A (fr)
GB (1) GB965438A (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3434200A (en) * 1965-12-01 1969-03-25 Texas Instruments Inc Method of manufacturing hard-faced metal products
US3465423A (en) * 1965-10-14 1969-09-09 Gen Electric Process of making aluminum bonded stainless steel article
JPS5189826A (ja) * 1975-02-04 1976-08-06 Ichakuhoho
US4027716A (en) * 1974-03-11 1977-06-07 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Method for preparing a continuous casting belt
US5526977A (en) * 1994-12-15 1996-06-18 Hayes Wheels International, Inc. Method for fabricating a bimetal vehicle wheel
USD973420S1 (en) * 2020-09-22 2022-12-27 Conair Llc Cooking pot

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2312782C2 (de) * 1972-03-16 1982-10-21 Ulam, John B., McMurray, Pa. Kochgefäß und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US3977459A (en) * 1973-09-07 1976-08-31 Gruber & Kaja Casting a shaped aluminum part on a work piece
GB8420699D0 (en) * 1984-08-15 1984-09-19 Singer A R E Flow coating of metals
US4663181A (en) * 1986-02-24 1987-05-05 Conoco Inc. Method for applying protective coatings
US4684447A (en) * 1986-03-24 1987-08-04 Conoco Inc. Method for applying protective coatings
GB2193914B (en) * 1986-08-19 1990-08-15 Metal Castings Casting
SE463290B (sv) * 1987-04-24 1990-11-05 Fibo Stoep As Foerfarande foer framstaellning av en produkt omfattande aatminstone tvaa komponenter av metall samt anordning foer genomfoerande av foerfarandet
DE4134740C1 (en) * 1991-10-21 1992-12-17 Wmf Wuerttembergische Metallwarenfabrik Ag, 7340 Geislingen, De Cooking pot mfr. - comprises applying heat distribution coating of aluminium@ or copper@ on base of deep-drawn stainless steel body, then surface coating by plasma spraying

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US249837A (en) * 1881-11-22 Baling-press
US2396730A (en) * 1941-10-24 1946-03-19 Al Fin Corp Coating metal
US2600942A (en) * 1948-06-30 1952-06-17 Vanacker Jerome Vented mold for the manufacture of footwear
US2611163A (en) * 1947-08-20 1952-09-23 Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co Method of making bearings
GB763841A (en) * 1953-02-06 1956-12-19 English Electric Co Ltd Improvements relating to the casting of aluminium or aluminium alloy on to ferrous metal articles
US2893083A (en) * 1956-08-10 1959-07-07 Fairchild Engine & Airplane Method of making bimetallic articles
US2994920A (en) * 1961-08-08 Patera
US3017492A (en) * 1958-03-25 1962-01-16 Sunbeam Corp Electric heating device and method of making the same
US3051995A (en) * 1957-08-15 1962-09-04 Us Rubber Co Manufacture of products from plastisols

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US249837A (en) * 1881-11-22 Baling-press
US2994920A (en) * 1961-08-08 Patera
US2396730A (en) * 1941-10-24 1946-03-19 Al Fin Corp Coating metal
US2611163A (en) * 1947-08-20 1952-09-23 Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co Method of making bearings
US2600942A (en) * 1948-06-30 1952-06-17 Vanacker Jerome Vented mold for the manufacture of footwear
GB763841A (en) * 1953-02-06 1956-12-19 English Electric Co Ltd Improvements relating to the casting of aluminium or aluminium alloy on to ferrous metal articles
US2893083A (en) * 1956-08-10 1959-07-07 Fairchild Engine & Airplane Method of making bimetallic articles
US3051995A (en) * 1957-08-15 1962-09-04 Us Rubber Co Manufacture of products from plastisols
US3017492A (en) * 1958-03-25 1962-01-16 Sunbeam Corp Electric heating device and method of making the same

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3465423A (en) * 1965-10-14 1969-09-09 Gen Electric Process of making aluminum bonded stainless steel article
US3434200A (en) * 1965-12-01 1969-03-25 Texas Instruments Inc Method of manufacturing hard-faced metal products
US4027716A (en) * 1974-03-11 1977-06-07 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Method for preparing a continuous casting belt
JPS5189826A (ja) * 1975-02-04 1976-08-06 Ichakuhoho
JPS5413209B2 (fr) * 1975-02-04 1979-05-29
US5526977A (en) * 1994-12-15 1996-06-18 Hayes Wheels International, Inc. Method for fabricating a bimetal vehicle wheel
USD973420S1 (en) * 2020-09-22 2022-12-27 Conair Llc Cooking pot

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE597649A (fr) 1961-03-15
FR1276884A (fr) 1961-11-24
GB965438A (en) 1964-07-29
ES262944A1 (es) 1961-05-16
CH372807A (it) 1963-10-31

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