US3178877A - Method for making elastic yarn containing keratinous fibers - Google Patents

Method for making elastic yarn containing keratinous fibers Download PDF

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US3178877A
US3178877A US198601A US19860162A US3178877A US 3178877 A US3178877 A US 3178877A US 198601 A US198601 A US 198601A US 19860162 A US19860162 A US 19860162A US 3178877 A US3178877 A US 3178877A
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yarn
twist
turns
spindle
imposed
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Francis W Marco
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Deering Milliken Research Corp
Milliken Research Corp
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Milliken Research Corp
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Priority to US198601A priority patent/US3178877A/en
Priority to GB18635/63A priority patent/GB1037484A/en
Priority to ES288072A priority patent/ES288072A1/es
Priority to CH671663A priority patent/CH469118A/fr
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/32—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D02G1/0286—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist characterised by the use of certain filaments, fibres or yarns
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D02G1/0286—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist characterised by the use of certain filaments, fibres or yarns
    • D02G1/0293—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist characterised by the use of certain filaments, fibres or yarns composed, at least in part, of natural fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2211/00—Protein-based fibres, e.g. animal fibres

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an all textile yarn having elastic characteristics and more specifically to a method for making an all textile yarn containing keratinous fibers having extensibility and recovery properties.
  • Elastic yarns are well-known in the textile field. Elastic yarn of man-made polymeric fibers have been produced in a variety of forms, which have found wide acceptance. Naturally occurring fibers, however, have generally been limited to use as a cover material for yarns employing a man-made elastomeric core or to use as blends in manmade elastic monofilament yarns. Certain natural fibers, such as the keratinous fibers, have inherent properties of extensibility and recovery. The term keratinous fibers as used herein is meant to include any naturally occurring filamentary material or regenerated filamentary material containing a major proportion of corresponding long chain fibrous proteins.
  • An elastic yarn wherein the elasticity is provided by the fibers making up the yarn will usually have superior bulking qualities.
  • a fiber which has the tendency to contract upon its own axis will, when spun into a yarn, have a tendency to extend at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the yarn, thereby giving the yarn bulking qualities. While all elastic yarns do not have bulking qualities, the coexistence of these two features is quite common.
  • the twist is preferably set by means of a reducing agent capable of splitting the characteristic cystine linkage although a temporary setting may be obtained by the use of steam.
  • the yarn employed may be a yarn consisting entirely of keratinous fibers, or may be a blended yarn containing less than 100% but more than 50% of keratinous fibers with the remainder of the blend being either man-made or naturally-occurring non-kerati notebook fibers.
  • keratinous fibers which are suitable for purposes of this invention are fibers such as, for instance, sheepwool, lambwool, mohair, camelhair, alpaca, cashmere, vicuna, llama, angora wool and the like.
  • any reducing agent capable of rupturing the desired level of the disulfide linkages is suitable for use in accordance with this invention.
  • suitable reducing agents there are included lower alkanolamine sulfites, such as monoethanolamine sulfite and ispropanolamine sulfite, and others containing up to about 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, such as n-propanolamine sulfite, n-butanolamine sulfite, dimethylbutanolamine sulfite, dimethylheranolamine sulfite and the like; metallic formaldehyde sulfoxylates, such as Zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate, the alkali metal sulfoxylates, such as sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate; the alkali metal borohydrides, such as sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride and sodium potas sium borohydride; alkali metal sulf
  • Urea constitutes the most readily available and desirable swelling agent, although any other material which will swell wool fibers in an aqueous medium is suitable.
  • guanidine compounds such as the hydrochloride; formamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, .acetamide, thiourea, phenol, lithium salts, such as the chloride, bromide, and iodide and the like are similarly useful.
  • low molecular weight polyhydroxy compound a compound containing more than one hydroxy group and having a molecular weight no greater than about 4000.
  • the most readily available and desirable compound comprises ethylene glycol.
  • a particularly preferred group of glycols includes the polyfunctional glycols having terminal hydroxyl groups separated by 2 to 10 methylene groups, including, of course, the preferred ethylene glycol as well as trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, pentame-thylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, heptamethylene glycol, octamethylene glycol, nonamethylene glycol, and decamethylene glycol, or such glycols as 1,2-propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3- butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol or the like.
  • Polyfunctional compounds containing more than 2 hydroxyl groups include the polyfunctional alcohol glycerols
  • the reducing agent with or without the swelling agent or polyhydroxy compound may be applied to the fabric in any desired amount, depending upon the degree of reducing desired. In general, optimum results are obtained when aqueous solutions containing from about 0.01 to about 20% by weight and most preferably from 2 to about 10% by weight of the reducing agent is applied to the yarn.
  • the swelling agent or polyhdroxy compound if employed may be applied tothe yarn by addition to the aqueous solution of reducing agent of amounts of from about 3 to about 50% and most preferably from about 5 to about 20% by weight.
  • Higher concentrations may be utilized where the yarn is to be exposed to the treating medium for only a short time or where the method of applying the reagents necessitates, e.g., when the reagents are applied by techniques other-than by immersion in an aqueous medium containing the reagents.
  • the reducing agent which splits the cystine linkage of keratinous fibers does not produce a permanent split.
  • The-split linkages are easily reoxidized, by operations site direction to the twist in the single yarn.
  • a' hard yarn is obtained, and in the latter case, a soft yarn is produced.
  • the result may be explained by the fact that the initial imposed twist. is only placed in the yarn temporarily, and that after setting the yarn in'this configuration, the imposed twist is taken out, and an additional twist may be placed in the opposite direction'so that in fact the resulting twist may be opposite to the initial imposed twist.
  • An additional factor is that in a plied yarn each singles yarn may have ditferent twist direction and different twist levels. When different 7 twist directions and different twist levels are present in 7 whether a helical .or a random curling elfect is produced.
  • the keratinous fiber remains substantially unchanged chemically by the reduction and oxidation operation, a physical reformation of the cystine .linkage takes place probably with some changes in hydrogen bonding which will under proper conditions produce a reformed fiber with an elastic memory.
  • Elastic memory is the feature which gives the individual keratinous fibers of this invention their extensibility and recovery properties.
  • the extensibility and recovery properties of'the keratinous fibers of this invention should For instance, in a 4/27s worsted yarn at low imposed twist levels (e.g., about 5-14 t.p.i.) the helical form predominates while at higher.
  • the helical form may be characterized by a twist multiple of less than about 4.5 while the random form may be characterized by a twist multiple of greater than about 4.5. Twist multiple may be defined as imposed turns per centimeter squared times grex divided by 10 to the 4th power.
  • the drawings comprise illustrations (enlarged three times) of the yarnsof 'thisjinvention and a flow sheet illustrative of the process of this invention.
  • FIGURE 1 is illustrative of the helical yarn of this invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is illustrative of the random yarn of this invention. 7
  • the process can be applied to any'yarn ply or any yarn consisting of a plurality of plies, the only limiting and may be dyed or scoured at this point, after Which the yarn is dried.
  • the final operation is to untwistthe' V yarn so that all the imposed twist is removed, and depending upon the effect desired, a few turns of the opposite twist may be placed in the yarn.
  • the elasticized yarn obtained by the process of this invention and consisting wholly or partially of kerati nous fibers may then be plied with other elasticized yarns consisting wholly or partially of keratinous fibers or may be plied with nonelastic yarns consisting wholly or par-.
  • the yarn of FIGURE 1 is an all wool elastic yarn prepared according to this invention.
  • the yarn of FIG- URE 1 has a twist multiple of less than about 4.5 and has a helical configuration.
  • the helical configuration may be described as a yarn ply or a plurality of yarn plies extending in a helical spiral along the longitudinal axis of the yarn. The ability, of the helical spiral to extend and contract allows; the yarn to achieve an elastic effect.
  • the yarn of FIGURE 2 has a twist multiple greater than about 4.5 and has a random configuration.
  • the random configuration may be described as a yarn ply or plurality of plies having coils, loops and whorls at random intervals along the length of the individual plies.
  • the individual plies may have, at certainintervals along the yarn length, a similar configuration or a dissimilar configuration.
  • the random configuration yarn achieves its elasticity by the ability of. the coils, loops and whorls to extend under tension and then to contract to their original configuration upon removal of the tension.
  • FIGURE 3 is a flow sheet which'illustrates in a step: wise manner the process of this invention.
  • the finished yarn may contain fibers otherthan 'keratinous fibers. These fibers may be present as a blend in the keratinous,fiberrcontaining plies prior to elastici zing treatment or may be present as a homogeneous non-keratinous' ply which is twisted with the. keratinous fiber-containing ply subsequent to elasticizing operations on the keratinous fiber-containing ply.
  • the non-keratinous fibers may be fibers such as, for instance, cellulosics, such as cotton, rayon, cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, vinyl fibers, acrylic fibers, polyyarns consisting of non-keratinous natural fibers, syn- V thetiefibers and mixtures thereof.
  • cellulosics such as cotton, rayon, cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, vinyl fibers, acrylic fibers, polyyarns consisting of non-keratinous natural fibers, syn- V thetiefibers and mixtures thereof.
  • .ing may be either in the same direction or in the oppo- First, the initialtwistamidefibers, polyester fibers and the like. Regardless of how the non-keratinous fibers are blended into the finished yarn the only elasticizing effect is that furnished by the keratinous fibers. The non-keratinous fibers, however, furnish substantial bulk to the finishedyarn.
  • a skein of yarn was placed in a slot in a metal block.
  • the base of the slot is 2 x 5 cm., and the height is 3 cm.
  • a plunger which was fitted to the slot was then connected to the cross-head of an Instron machine, and a block containing the yarn was placed on the compression cell. The plunger was then pressed against the yarn in the slot and a measurement was taken on the third compression cycle.
  • the bulk specific volume of any yarn can be determined at any pressure by knowing the weight of the yarn contained in the slot and the volume which it occupied.
  • the same procedure was employed on knitted fabrics except that the slot was not necessary in that the knit retained its own shape, and only a plunger was employed.
  • the yarn used in this case is a 1/27s worsted yarn containing 14 Z.
  • the twist in the control yarn refers to the twist actually left in the finished yarn, while the twist noted in the elasticized yarn refers to the imposed twist placed in the yarn before untwisting.
  • the imposed twist was set by the same method used for the yarns of Table I.
  • the knit fabric was prepared by the same method used for the fabrics of Table I.
  • the yarn used in this case is a 1/27s worsted yarn containing 8 Z.
  • twist in the control yarn refers to the twist actually elasticized yarn refers to the imposed twist placed in the yarn before untwisting.
  • the imposed twist was set in the elasticized yarn by winding the yarn around a perforated dye spindle, immersing in an aqueous solution of 1% sodium bisultlte and 0.02% ing. The yarn was then nntwisted to 3.5 turns 8 twist.
  • the knit fabric was prepared on a circular knitting machine using a jersey stitch, the
  • Extension-cycling tests were performed on the elasticized yarns of this invention and on the fabrics woven from the elasticized yarns of this invention.
  • the tests are carried out by locking the section of yarn or fabric in the jaws of the Instron testing machine.
  • the secured sample was then loaded with the weight of 0.01 grn./grex.
  • the load was then removed and the procedure repeated for two additional cycles.
  • measurements were taken to determine extensibility and elastic recovery. Extensibility may be defined as the ability of a material to return spontaneously to its former size, shape or attitude after being strained.
  • Elastic recovery may be defined as the ratio of elastic extension to total extension.
  • Table Ii The results of the tests carried out on yarn are given in the table designated as Table Ii.
  • the results of the tests carried out on the knit fabric are given in the table designated as Table III.
  • the elastic properties of the yarn of this invention are quite durable. It has been found that the elasticized yarns of this invention will tolerate steaming and mild soaping while in the relaxed form.
  • the elasticized yarn when stretched and placed on a bobbin for an extended period of time, has relatively little tendency to retract on being relaxed, but upon steaming or Wetting the elasticity of the yarn is immediately realized. This phenomenon is an asset, since knitting in this stretched state will be much less troublesome than knitting a yarn which tends to contract. For example, a fabric may be knitted and then steamed to produce a bulky fabric.
  • EXAMPLE I Four ends of single 27s yarn having 14 turns of S twist per inch in each end are plied and twisted to 10 turns of Z twist.
  • the plied yarn is then wound onto a perforated dye spindle so that it retains the 10 turns of Z twist.
  • the spindle is then immersed in an aqueous solution containing 1% of sodium bisulfite. After about 10 minutes, the excess sodium 'bisillfite solution is drained from the package and steam is then passed through the spindle for 10 minutes. After rinsing in tap water and drying in an oven at C., the yarn is untwisted onto another bobbin at 18.9 turns of S twist, so that the yarn now has 8.9 turns of S twist. (There is a small less in S twist due to differences in the length of the yarn during the treatment.)
  • the yarn is then knit into a sweater body, steamed for 5 minutes at 0 p.s.i. and dried in a relaxed state.
  • the resulting knit fabric is characterized by a more uniform fabric knit from untreated plied yarns, thereby essentially eliminating the bagginess and other deformation which f mgn occurs in the normal wearing of sweaters prepared from untreated yarn. 7 7
  • EXAMPLE II 7 of 8 twist The resulting yarn is wound onto a bobbin and set as in Example I and then untwisted onto another bobbin with 25.4 turns of Z twist.
  • the yarn of Example I is characterized by a substantially uniform helical configuration
  • the yarn of this example is" characterized by a high degree of bulk due to the random displacement of loops and kinks along the length of the yarn.
  • this yarn is characterized by' a low value of total twist which enhances the bulking effect.
  • the resulting fabric is characterized by a greater degree of elasticity.
  • due to the increased bulk of the yarn the knitting stitch is nearly obscured, presenting a pleasing appearance and providing a pleasant hand.
  • EXAMPLE III A single end of single 27s wool yarn having an original twist of 14 turns of Z twist per inch is twistedfto 25 turns of Z twist per inch, set with sodium bisulfite as in Example I at the 25 turn per inch level and untwisted back to 14 turns per inch. A single end of single 27s cotton yarn having an original twist of 14 turns per inch is then plied and twisted with the treated wool yarn to 10 EXAMPLE IV Four ends of single 27s yarn consisting of 50% wool and 50% cotton having 14 turns per inch of S twist in each end are plied and twisted to 10 turns of Z twist. The plied yarn is then wound onto a perforated dye spindle, so that it retains the 10 turns of Z twist.
  • the spindle is then immersed in a solution containing 1% of thioglycollic acid. After about 10 minutes, excess thioer body, steamed for 5 minutes at 0 p.s.i. and dried in a relaxed state.
  • the resulting knit fabric is characterized by a more uniform knit structure and by high bulk- I EXAMPLE VI
  • One end'of single and one end of single 27s mohair yarn having a Z twist are plied and twisted to 15 turns of Z twist. .
  • the plied yarn is then wound ontoa perforated dye spindle and immersed in a solutioncontaining 1% of sodium bisulfite. After about 10 minutes, excesssodium bisulfite solution is drained from the package and steam is passed through the spindle for about 10 minutes. rinsed with water and dried in an oven at about 80 C.
  • the yarn is then unwound onto another bobbin to 20 turns per. inch of S twist.
  • The. finished yarn, when knitted into a fabric is
  • EXAMPLE VII One end of'single 27s mohair yarn having an S twist and one endof single 27s mohair yarn having a Z twist are plied and twisted to 15 turns of S twist. The plied yarn is then wound onto a perforated .dye spindle, so that it retains the 15 turns of S twist. The spindle is then immersed in a solution containing 1% of sodium bisulfite. After aboutlO minutes, the excess sodium bisulfite solution is drained from the package and steamis passed through the spindle for a period of about 10 minutes.
  • the spindle is then rinsed in water and dried in an oven at about 80 C. Theyarn isthen" unwound onto another bobbin'so that 20 turns of Z twist will remain in the finished product.
  • the finished yarn is knitted into a fabric, the fabric is characterized by a high degree of elasticity and bulking.
  • EXAMPLE VIII One end oftl/27s wool yarn having an S twist and one end of 1/27s wool yarn also having an S twist are plied and twisted to 15 turns of Z'twist. The plied yarn is then wound onto a perforated dye spindle so that it retains the 15 turns of Z twist. The spindle is then immersed in a solution containing 1% of sodium bisulfite. After about 10 minutes the excess sodium bisulfite solution is drained from the package and steamed and passed glycollic acid is drained from the package and steam is passed through a spindle for a period of about 10 minutes. rinsed and dried in an oven 'at about 80 C.
  • the yarn is untwisted onto another bobbin at 18.9 turns of S twist, so that the yarn has 8.9 turns'of S twist.
  • the yarn is then knit into'a sweaterbody, steamed for 5 minutes at O p.s.i. and dried in a relaxed state. fabric is characterized by a more uniform knit structure and also by high-bulking characteristics.
  • the spindle is then immersed in a solution containing 1% of sodium onto a perforated dye spindle and the spindle is immersed A in a solution containing 1% of 2-mercaptoethanol. After about 10 minutes, excess Z-mercaptoethanol solution is drained from the package and steam is passed through" the spindle for a period of about 10 minutes.
  • the yarnwound spindle is then rinsed in water and dried in'an oven at about 80 C. The yarn is then untwisted onto originals twist remains. Three ends of the single 27s 'wool yarn treated according to the preceding process are r minutes.
  • the finished yarn is knitted into a fabric, the fabric is characterized'by a soft hand and a high degre'e of elasticity and bulking.
  • the knit pattern of the resultant'knit fabric has a pleasing uniform appearance.
  • EXAMPLE X One end of 1/27s wool yarn having an S twist, one end of1/27s wool yarn alsohaving an S twist and one end of 1/27s wool yarn having a Z twist are plied and twisted to 15 turns of Z twist. The plied yarn is then 27s mohair yarn having an S twist. The spindle is thenwound onto a perforated dye spindle so that it retains 15 turns of Z twist. The spindle is then immersed in a solution containing 1% of sodium bisulfite. After about 10 minutes, the excess sodium bisulfite solution is drained from the package and steam is passed through the spindle for a period of about 10 minutes. The spindle is then rinsed in water and dried in an oven at about 80 C.
  • the yarn is then wound onto another bobbin in a manner such that 5 turns of S twist remains in the finished product.
  • the finished yarn is knitted into a fabric, the fabric is characterized by a high degree of elasticity and bulking.
  • the resultant knit fabric is characterized by a hard resilient hand.
  • EXAMPLE XI One end of l/27s wool yarn having an S twist, one end of 1/27s wool yarn also having an S twist and one end of 1/27s wool yarn having a Z twist are plied and twisted to 15 turns of S twist.
  • the plied yarn is then wound onto a perforated dye spindle so that it retains the 15 turns of S twist.
  • the spindle is immersed in a solution containing 1% of sodium bisulfite. After about minutes, the excess sodium bisulfite solution is drained from the package and steam is passed through the spindle for a period of about 10 minutes.
  • the spindle is then rinsed in water and dried in an oven at about 80 C.
  • the yarn is then unwound onto another bobbin in a manner such that 5 turns of Z twist remain in the finished product.
  • the finished yarn is characterized by a high degree of elasticity and bulking.
  • the resultant knit fabric is characterized by a soft resilient hand.
  • EXAMPLE XII Three ends of 1/27s wool yarn having an S twist are plied and twisted in turns of Z twist. The plied yarn is then wound onto a perforated spindle so that it retains the 15 turns of Z twist. The twist is then set in the yarn by the same manner disclosed in Example XI. The said yarn is then unwound onto another bob-bin in a manner such that 7 turns of S twist remained in the finished product. The finished yarn is characterized by a high degree of elasticity and bulking.
  • EXAMPLE XIII Three ends of 1/ 27s Wool yarn having a Z twist are plied and twisted to 15 turns of S twist. The plied yarn is then wound onto a perforated dye spindle in a manner such as to retain the 15 turns of S twist. The 15 turns of S twist are then set in the yarn by the method disclosed in Example XI. The twist set yarn is then wound onto another bobbin in a manner such that 5 turns of Z twist remain in the finished product. The finished yarn was characterized by having a high degree of elasticity and bulking.
  • EXAMPLE XIV Four ends of single 27s wool yarn having 14 turns per inch of S twist in each end are plied and twisted to 10 turns of Z twist. The plied yarn is then wound onto a perforated dye spindle so that it retains the 10 turns of Z twist. The spindle is then immersed in a solution containing 2% thioglycollic acid and 2% ethylene glycol. After about 10 minutes, excess solution is drained from the package and steam is passed through a spindle for a period of about 10 minutes. The yarn carried on the dye spindle is again rinsed and dried in an oven at about 80 C. The yarn is untwisted onto another bobbin at 18.9 turns of S twist so that the yarn has 8.9 turns of S twist. The finished yarn is characterized by a high degree of elasticity and bulking.
  • EXAMPLE XV Four ends of single 27s Wool yarn having 2 twist are plied and twisted to 10 turns per inch of Z twist. The plied yarn is then wound onto a perforated dye spindle so that it retains the 10 turns of Z twist. The spindle is then immersed in an aqueous solution containing 2% of soi0 dium bisulfi-te and 0.02% of wetting agent.
  • the yarn is characterized by a helical configuration having a twist multiple of less than about 4.5 and a high degree of elasticity.
  • EXAMPLE XVI Four ends of single 27s wool yarn having Z twist are plied and twisted to 20 turns per inch of S twist. The plied yarn is then wound onto a perforated dye spindle so that it retains the 20 turns of S twist. The spindle is then immersed in an aqueous solution containing 2% of sodium bisulfite and 0.02% of wetting agent. After about 10 minutes, the excess sodium bisulfite solution is drained from the package and steam is then passed through the spindle for 10 minutes.
  • the yarn After rinsing in tap water and drying in an oven at 80 C., the yarn is untwisted onto another bobbin at 25.4 turns of Z twist so that the yarn has 0.65 turn of Z twist (a loss of Z twist is experienced due to variations in yarn length during treatment).
  • the yarn is characterized by a random configuration having a twist multiple greater than about 4.5 and a high degree of elasticity.
  • a method for the preparation of an elastic yarn comprising imposing a twist on a yarn containing at least some keratinous fibers, durably setting the imposed twist by means of treatment with a reducing agent under conditions insuificient to cause extensive degradation of the polymeric structure of the keratinous fibers and then substantially untwisting the imposed twist.
  • a method for the preparation of a helical elastic yarn comprising imposing a twist on a yarn containing at least some keratinous fibers, durably setting the imposed twist by treatment with a reducing agent under conditions insuflicient to cause extensive degradation of the polymeric structure of the keratinous fibers and then untwisting the imposed twist, said imposed twisting operations being carried out in a manner such that the imposed twisted yarn has a twist multiple of less than about 4.5.
  • a method for the preparation of a random elastic yarn comprising imposing a twist on a yarn containing at least some keratinous fibers, durably setting the imposed twist by means of treatment with a reducing agent under conditions insufficient to cause extensive degradation of the polymeric structure of the keratinous fibers and then untwisting the imposed twist, said imposed twisting operations being carried out in a manner such that the imposed twisted yarn has a twist multiple greater than about 4.5.
  • a method for the preparation of an elastic yarn comprising plying together a keratinous fiber yarn with a non-keratinous fiber yarn, said keratinous fiber yarn being elasticized by imposing a twist, durably setting the imposed twist by means of treatment with a reducing agent under conditions insufficient to cause extensive polymeric degradation of the keratinous fiber and then substantially untwisting the imposed twist.
  • a method for the preparation of an elastic yarn comprising imposing a twist on a yarn containing at least some keratinous fibers, durably setting the imposed twist by means of treatment with a reducing agent under conditions insutficient to cause extensive degradation of the polymeric structure of the keratinous fibers, untwisting the imposed twist and adding twist in the direction opposite imposed twist.
  • a method for the preparation of an elastic yarn comprising plying together a keratinous fiber yarn with a non-keratinous fiber yarn, said keratinous fiber yarn being elasticized by imposing a twist, durably setting the. f 2,662,560 12/53 Jackson 57--156 X imposed twist by means of tireatmen t with a medu'cing 2,723,213 11/55 Powers 57153 X agent under conciition s insuificient to cause exte isive pol- 2 395 7 5 i' OConnell 57 164 X yr neric degradation of the keratmous fiber; untwistmg 3,069,338 12/62 Wanays 57 V157 the imposed twistand adding twist in the direction oppo 5 V V v site the imposed twist.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
US198601A 1962-05-29 1962-05-29 Method for making elastic yarn containing keratinous fibers Expired - Lifetime US3178877A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE632929D BE632929A (es) 1962-05-29
US198601A US3178877A (en) 1962-05-29 1962-05-29 Method for making elastic yarn containing keratinous fibers
GB18635/63A GB1037484A (en) 1962-05-29 1963-05-10 Elastic yarns and methods of preparing them
ES288072A ES288072A1 (es) 1962-05-29 1963-05-16 Un método para la preparación de un hilo elástico
CH671663A CH469118A (fr) 1962-05-29 1963-05-29 Procédé de fabrication d'un tricot élastique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US198601A US3178877A (en) 1962-05-29 1962-05-29 Method for making elastic yarn containing keratinous fibers

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EP2634956B1 (en) 2012-02-29 2016-11-02 BlackBerry Limited Communicating an identity to a server
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Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1008249A (en) * 1910-07-08 1911-11-07 Emil Elsaesser Process for treatment of wool.
US1823053A (en) * 1930-10-31 1931-09-15 Elastic Weave Products Inc Rubberless elastic fabric
US2019185A (en) * 1932-03-10 1935-10-29 Heberlein Patent Corp Artificial fiber and process of producing same
US2261094A (en) * 1934-12-10 1941-10-28 Speakman John Bamber Treatment of keratins
US2509347A (en) * 1946-10-09 1950-05-30 Bigelow Sanford Carpet Co Inc Process of making permanently set hard twist wool yarn
US2615782A (en) * 1950-08-11 1952-10-28 Procter & Gamble Modification of keratin
US2642332A (en) * 1948-10-01 1953-06-16 Monsanto Chemicals Method of treating keratinous yarns and compositions therefor
US2662560A (en) * 1950-06-22 1953-12-15 Alexander Smith Inc Pile fabric
US2723213A (en) * 1951-07-28 1955-11-08 Monsanto Chemicals Treatment of yarns comprising keratinous fibers
GB787167A (en) * 1955-06-11 1957-12-04 Heberlein & Co Ag Improvements in or relating to composite yarns
US2895286A (en) * 1958-06-12 1959-07-21 Richard A O'connell Preparation of bulky textiles
FR1246006A (fr) * 1959-01-27 1960-11-10 Brocklehurst Whiston Amalgamat Procédé de traitement de fils et fils obtenus par ce procédé
US3069838A (en) * 1959-11-09 1962-12-25 Ind Ges Fur Schappe Method of manufacturing a highly elastic yarn ply

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1008249A (en) * 1910-07-08 1911-11-07 Emil Elsaesser Process for treatment of wool.
US1823053A (en) * 1930-10-31 1931-09-15 Elastic Weave Products Inc Rubberless elastic fabric
US2019185A (en) * 1932-03-10 1935-10-29 Heberlein Patent Corp Artificial fiber and process of producing same
US2261094A (en) * 1934-12-10 1941-10-28 Speakman John Bamber Treatment of keratins
US2509347A (en) * 1946-10-09 1950-05-30 Bigelow Sanford Carpet Co Inc Process of making permanently set hard twist wool yarn
US2642332A (en) * 1948-10-01 1953-06-16 Monsanto Chemicals Method of treating keratinous yarns and compositions therefor
US2662560A (en) * 1950-06-22 1953-12-15 Alexander Smith Inc Pile fabric
US2615782A (en) * 1950-08-11 1952-10-28 Procter & Gamble Modification of keratin
US2723213A (en) * 1951-07-28 1955-11-08 Monsanto Chemicals Treatment of yarns comprising keratinous fibers
GB787167A (en) * 1955-06-11 1957-12-04 Heberlein & Co Ag Improvements in or relating to composite yarns
US2895286A (en) * 1958-06-12 1959-07-21 Richard A O'connell Preparation of bulky textiles
FR1246006A (fr) * 1959-01-27 1960-11-10 Brocklehurst Whiston Amalgamat Procédé de traitement de fils et fils obtenus par ce procédé
US3069838A (en) * 1959-11-09 1962-12-25 Ind Ges Fur Schappe Method of manufacturing a highly elastic yarn ply

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CH671663A4 (es) 1968-10-15
BE632929A (es)
CH469118A (fr) 1969-04-15
GB1037484A (en) 1966-07-27
ES288072A1 (es) 1963-12-01

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