US3156752A - Method and apparatus for heat treating filaments - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for heat treating filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3156752A
US3156752A US137162A US13716261A US3156752A US 3156752 A US3156752 A US 3156752A US 137162 A US137162 A US 137162A US 13716261 A US13716261 A US 13716261A US 3156752 A US3156752 A US 3156752A
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United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
heat
fluid
temperature
relaxation
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US137162A
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English (en)
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Cope Andrew Passmore
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Publication date
Priority to BE621942D priority Critical patent/BE621942A/xx
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to US137162A priority patent/US3156752A/en
Priority to LU42295D priority patent/LU42295A1/xx
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/02—Heat treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/04—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment
    • D01D10/0436—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment while in continuous movement
    • D01D10/0481—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment while in continuous movement the filaments passing through a tube
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/229—Relaxing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/75—Processes of uniting two or more fibers

Definitions

  • tubes for the heat-treatment of traveling filamentary materials have a small uniform circular cross section and this is particularly the case Where the heat transfer is by radiation or conduction from the heated surface of the tube.
  • the small uniform circular section is beneficial in increasing the rate of heat
  • a uniform circular cross section of minimum dimension contributes to efiiciency of heat transfer by reduction of cooling losses and through the beneficial elfect of high velocity for a given volume of fluid, the over-all efficiency of the system being related in an inverse manner to the volume of heat transfer fluid handled, and directly to the velocity, as is well known in fluid systems, especially those in which the heat transfer fluid is a gas.
  • an appropriate heat-treatment may be applied in a dynamic manner by relaxing these filaments by means of a heat-treatment applied immediately downstream of the aspirating jet.
  • the treatment may be accomplished by using a gas of elevated temperature in the drawing jet, and is particularly adaptable to filaments of polyethylene terephthalate, cellulose acetate, certain polyamides, and the like which have the property of spon taneous elongation when, after an initial relaxing or shrinking heat-treatment at some predetermined temperature, the filaments will exhibit a lengthening upon an appropriate heat-treatment at a second predetermined temperature, as it is now well known to those experienced in the art.
  • Such procedures have been delineated in US. 2,900,669 of M. H. Booth and in the Kitson and Reese patents, US. 2,952,879 and US. 2,931,068, for example.
  • a relaxing chamber employed immediately downstream of a drawing jet through which a hot fluid, preferably air, is circulated uniformly co-current with the traveling filaments and at an elevated temperature and at a fluid velocity not greatly in excess of the velocity of the traveling filaments, in which swirl-reducing and uniform fiow producing means are employed, and in which the bore is of uniform small circular cross section not greatly in excess of the size necessary to encompass the bundle of filaments without substantial contact with the sides of the bore, and in which cooling means are provided for the walls of the bore in the chamber.
  • a hot fluid preferably air
  • the process of this invention is one of heat-treating a continuously forwarded fluid-borne filamentary material under little or no tension and comprises contacting the material with an additional co-current stream of fluid elevated in temperature above the stick temperautre of the material in a temperature zone annularly surrounded by a second temperature zone having a thermal gradient rapidly declining to a temperature below the stick temperature, the velocity of the additional fluid being not greatly in excess of the velocity of the material.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic of a spinning system employing the relaxation chamber unit of the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 is an elevational view in longitudinal cross section of the relaxation chamber unit of the present invention.
  • one or more spinnerets 1, 1 are disposed in a spinning head generally indicated by 2. From spinneret 1 issue a multiplicity of continuous filaments 3 which are converged on rotatable guide 4. Optionally, from some other spinneret such as 1', there may issue a multiplicity of filaments 3' which may be composed of a binder fiber. If such a stream of filaments 3 is employed it, too, is converged on rotatable guide 4. On guide 4, by means of electrostatic charging means 5, there is placed upon the filaments an electrostatic charge. Electrostatic charging means 5 may be a corona discharge head as schematically indicated in FIGURE 1 or may be any of the equivalent electrostatic charging systems such as a triboelectric surface-contact device.
  • the filaments are forwarded to draw jet 6 wherein by action of air or other fluid entering draw jet 6 through inlet 7, the filaments are forwarded and drawn emerging through tail pipe 8 into relaxation unit 9.
  • Air or some other fluid is passed through pipe 10 to heat exchanger 11 where it is elevated in temperature by means of some heating means such as resistance coil 12, thence passing through pie 13 into heat transfer and filament forwarding device, or relaxation unit, 9 wherein its action will be described in greater detail further on in this specification.
  • a coolant which may be water is passed through pipe 14 to relaxation unit 9 emerging through pipe 15. Ernitted from relaxation unit 9, the filaments are forwarded and deposited upon moving belt 16 which travels in the direction of the arrow, forming web 17.
  • Laydown pattern 18 comprises filaments forwarded under the action of gravity and of the emitted fluids from draw jet 6 and relaxation unit 9 and, in addition, electrostatic forces between the filaments and belt 16, which forces may be enhanced by electrostatic target 19 which is either grounded or given an opposite charge to aid in controlling the laydown. It will be apparent that by a suitable combination of temperature in relaxation unit 9 and time at temperature, appropriate heat treatments may be accomplished. It will also be apparent that a multiplicity of patterns may be combined to form a broad web.
  • the relaxation unit 9 comprises a housing composed of two main parts, body 22 and cap 23, which are fastened in sealed faying relationship by means not shown in a manner assuring appropriate concentricity of parts constituting fluid flow passages.
  • Cap 23 is generally circular in cross section and is distinguished by upstanding neck 33 having bore 34 therethrough. The upper portion of bore 34 is counter-bored at its upper end to permit attachment to draw jet tail pipe 8 by means not shown.
  • the lower periphery of cap 23 is machined to the form of a downwardly extending body 41 which is tapered inwardly to provide an annular sharp-edged orifice 2% at the base or juncture with bore 34.
  • Plenum chamber 25 is annularly disposed about upstanding neck 33 within cap 23 and is closed at the upper end by seal disc 26 which is fastened to cap 23 in sealed relation by means not shown.
  • Plenum 25 is provided with two ports, 35 and 36, to which are attached pipes 14 and 26, respectively.
  • Body 22 is circular in cross section, comprising an upper disc-like portion 42 joined to a downwardly extending lower portion or tube 28 of smaller diameter, and is bored through vertically on the axis to provide relaxation chamber 31, opening to the outside at the lower end through port 32 and widening at the upper end to provide inwardly tapering annular space 40 when body 22 is assembled to cap 23 and forming annular nozzle 24 at the juncture with orifice 20.
  • Relaxation chamber 31 is enclosed by the inner wall of tube 28 which in turn is enclosed in spaced radial relationship by tube 29 which is fastened to body 22 and spaced from wall 28 by means of spacer 30 to thus enclose annular cooling space 27.
  • Tube 29 has pipe 15 fastened thereto to provide an external opening to cooling space 27 near the lower end and is similarly connected to pipe 26 at the upper end. Fittings, not shown, are provided in pipe 26 to permit separation during disassembly.
  • Plenum chamber 21 is machined annularly within the upper portion 42 of body 22, there being a cooperating and shallower annular groove 37 in cap 23.
  • Two or more thin radial fins 38 are fastened by appropriate means or otherwise located within annular groove 37.
  • Pipe 13 is fastened to port 39 providing external communication to annular plenum chamber 21.
  • Directly below fins 38 is installed porous disc 44 mounted in step 43 cut in the upper portion 42 of body 22 at the top of the inner wall of plenum chamber 21. The heat losses can be minimized by lining the annular plenum chamber 21 and the annular groove 37 with an insulating material.
  • the emitted air and drawn filaments from draw jet tail pipe 8 enter chamber unit 9 through bore 34 to orifice 20.
  • Orifice 20 is sized so that the air velocity therein is approximately the same as the velocity of the filaments.
  • the heat transfer fluid which ordinarily is hot air, emerges from pipe 13 and port 39 to plenum chamber 21 and passes through porous disc 44 which acts as a uniform flow-producing means and is constrained to radial flow by fins 38, there being more than one fin and preferably at least three, smoothly flowing without swirling and uniformly distributed into annular inwardly inclined space 40.
  • the heat transfer air passes through space 40 to throat 24 which, as described before, is annular about orifice 20.
  • Throat 24 is sized so that the annular smoothly flowing stream of the hot air engages the filaments at a velocity not greatly in excess of filament velocity, a ratio of 2 to 4 times having been found to yield adequate heat transfer with acceptable filament separation.
  • the proportioning of orifice 2t and throat 24 and the regulation of the velocities of the hot air, the jet air, and the filaments so that relative velocities are as described, is important as is an angle of about 8 between the inclined space 40 and the axis, a ratio of at least 10 to 1 between the space 40 and the throat gap 24 and the use of vane elements or fins 38 or other swirl-reducing means so that flow in relaxation space 31 is axial without swirling and turbulence is minimized or eliminated and thus filaments do not interlace or tangle. Furthermore, the flow must be uniformly distributed.
  • This may be .accompanied by sizing port 39 so that it is appreciably larger in area than the area of throat 24; at least twice as large having been found a minimum relationship when no distribution or uniform flow producing means such as porous disc 44 is used.
  • disc 44 is used, the heating fluid flowing through the disc as described, reducing need for the carefully controlled portthroat area relationship.
  • Cooling water or other fluid enters relaxation unit 9 through pipe 14 and port 35 into annular space 25 in cap 23 closed by disc 26 which is appropriately fastened by means not shown to cap 23.
  • the cooling water then passes through port 36 to tube 26 into annular cooling space 27 between relaxation chamber tube 28 and tube 29.
  • the cooling water emerges through pipe 15, the bottom of space 27 between relaxation chamber tube 28 and tube 29 being closed by spacer 30.
  • the relaxed filaments and emitted drawing fluid and heat transfer fluid emerge from relaxation space 31 by way of port 32. It is preferable if emergence conditions are achieved such that the exit velocity of the filaments and fluid are substantially the same.
  • Apparatus to aid in layd-own may be applied following or attached to relaxation unit 9.
  • a spinning system is employed according to the schematic of FIGURE 1 in which fibers emerging from the relaxation unit are obtained having no residual shrin age and having spontaneous elongations of up to 25% when heated to 210 C.
  • binder filaments are co spun with the primary filaments of polyethylene terephthalate, the binder filaments being an 80/20 blend of polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene isophthalate, the proportion of binder filament being optionally between 3 and 30% of the total weight.
  • the binder fiber 91% of polyethylene terephthalate was co-spun with 9% of an 80/20 copolymer of polyethylene terephthala-te and polyethylene isophthalate, the polyethylene terephthalate being spun through a 23-hole spinneret at a rate of 15.5 grams per minute total, each spinneret hole being 0.007 inch in diameter with the temperature of the spinneret at 292 C.
  • the binder fiber 91% of polyethylene terephthalate was co-spun with 9% of an 80/20 copolymer of poly
  • the /20 copolymer of polyethylene terephthalate/isophthalate was spun through a l0-hole spinneret at a rate of 15.5 grams per minute total, each spinneret hole being 0.007 inch in diameter and the temperature of the spinneret at 269 C.
  • One only of the binder filaments was combined with the 23 filaments of polyethylene terephthalate on the rotatable guide opposite the corona charging head.
  • the charged filament-s were then passed into a draw jet supplied with about 3 s.c.f.m. air at about 45 p.s.i. and 20 C.
  • a relaxation unit 8" long with diameter bore was attached.
  • the velocity of the filaments was in excess of 3,000 y.p.m.
  • the temperature of the 5 s.c.f.m. air entering the relaxation unit was adjusted to 550 C. to remove all shrinkage from the fibers and the fibers emerging from the relaxation unit were deposited as a web on a moving belt.
  • This web then exhibited spontaneously elongatable fibers of about 25%' when processed by pressing and restraining between a 40 and a 30 mesh screen in apress at 220 C. and 50 p.s.i. for 1 minute.
  • This web was further finished by washing in an automatic washing machine and tumble drying to produce a fabric having excellent drape and good strength as shown by an initial modulus measurement of 500 p.s.i. and a tensile strength'measurement of 6.9 lb./in./ oz./yd.
  • a photograph of the web was enlarged 20 and examined to confirm the initial subjective rating of excellent uniformity of filament separation.
  • An improved heatrelax-ation unit of the type especially adapted for use in a system for continuously extruding, drawing, heat-relaxing, and manipulating a plu rality of separate continuous self-elongatable filaments of synthetic organic material to form non-woven web structures
  • said improved unit comprising a structure defining a first fluid flow conveyor means to continuously heat and forward a plurality of separate untwisted unentangled continuous filaments simultaneously in a fluid conveying medium through an enclosed heat-relaxing zone in the structure in a substantially untensioned condition, a second means in said Zone cooperating with said first means to maintain the moving filament-s; in a substantially straight unentangled untwisted relationship with respect to each other and the enclosed zone, and a third means in the zone, cooperating with said first and second means to prevent clogging and accumulation of the filaments in the zone clue to adherence of the heated filaments to structure of the heat-relaxation unit.
  • said first means defined by said structure comprises an inlet passageway adapted to receive a moving fluid stream conveying a plurality of continuous filaments, said first means further comprising a substantially straight outlet passageway in communication with said inlet passageway to provide for exit movement of the fluid and filaments conveyed thereby, said first means further comprising an inlet conduit means adapted to introduce into said unit a heat exchange medium, said inlet conduit means intersecting said connected passageways in such a way as to directthe heat exchange medium into contact with the filaments during their movement through said passageways in said zone to uniformly heat the filaments and assist in maintaining their movement through the unit.
  • the improved unit of claim 4 having the inlet passageway so dimensioned with respect to the fiow of the moving fluid stream that said moving stream and filaments carried therein move at substantially the same velocity through said inlet passageway and having the dimensions of said inlet conduit with respect to the moving heat exchange medium and in conjunction with the construction of the intersection of the conduit with said passageways selected so that the entrance velocity of the heat exchange medium into the passageways is from about two to about four times the velocity of the incoming fluid and filaments.
  • said flow controlling means comprises a flow equalizing element interposed in said inlet conduit a limited distance upstream of and adjacent the intersection of said conduit with said passageways and a plurality of flow directing vane elements in said conduit positioned between said flow equalizing element and said annular orifice.
  • the improvement comprising, during the heat-relaxation step, forwarding a plurality of the filaments simultaneously in separate untwisted and unentangled condition through an enclosed heat-relaxing zone in substantially a straight line, directing an annular stream of moving heated fluid into contact with the filaments to heat and assist in forwarding them through the zone, while simultaneously controlling the annular stream so that it moves parallel to the line of filament movement after contact without swirling or significant turbulence to prevent twisting or entangling of the filaments and simultaneously maintaining peripheral portions of the zone at temperatures below the sticking temperatures of the filaments in order to prevent clogging or filament accumulations in the enclosed zone.
US137162A 1961-09-11 1961-09-11 Method and apparatus for heat treating filaments Expired - Lifetime US3156752A (en)

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LU42295D LU42295A1 (xx) 1961-09-11 1962-08-31

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3302237A (en) * 1965-01-15 1967-02-07 Du Pont Forwarding jet
US3338992A (en) * 1959-12-15 1967-08-29 Du Pont Process for forming non-woven filamentary structures from fiber-forming synthetic organic polymers
US3346682A (en) * 1962-03-16 1967-10-10 Du Pont Method for making a filtering medium from plexifilamentary material
US3347959A (en) * 1964-10-08 1967-10-17 Little Inc A Method and apparatus for forming wire from molten material
US3384944A (en) * 1965-02-10 1968-05-28 Du Pont Apparatus for extruding and blending
US3436797A (en) * 1965-03-08 1969-04-08 Du Pont Method and apparatus for charging and combining continuous filaments of different polymeric composition to form a nonwoven web
US3441468A (en) * 1964-12-24 1969-04-29 Glanzstoff Ag Process for the production of non-woven webs
US3443009A (en) * 1964-08-17 1969-05-06 American Cyanamid Co Process for relaxing filamentary material
US3492689A (en) * 1964-08-17 1970-02-03 American Cyanamid Co Apparatus for relaxing filamentary material
US3506744A (en) * 1968-11-25 1970-04-14 Du Pont Process for forming nonwoven web
US3655305A (en) * 1970-01-26 1972-04-11 Du Pont Electrostatic repelling cylinders for filament flyback control
US4233014A (en) * 1979-09-19 1980-11-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus for preparing a nonwoven web
US5191680A (en) * 1990-08-27 1993-03-09 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Filament threading in an air gun for producing nonwoven fabrics
US5336071A (en) * 1990-03-14 1994-08-09 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Air gun for the production of non-woven fabric and non-woven fabric producing apparatus
US20160355976A1 (en) * 2015-06-04 2016-12-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method of Splitting Fiber Tows

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2425037A (en) * 1942-07-11 1947-08-05 British Celanese Fluid treating apparatus for yarns
US2468081A (en) * 1944-11-18 1949-04-26 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for treating filamentary material
US2509279A (en) * 1944-12-22 1950-05-30 American Viscose Corp Process and apparatus for treatment of filamentary materials
US2584043A (en) * 1945-06-20 1952-01-29 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for processing filamentary materials
CA531732A (en) * 1956-10-16 Finlayson Donald Heat-treatment of textile materials
US2952879A (en) * 1957-03-27 1960-09-20 Du Pont Process of preparing spontaneously extensible structures

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA531732A (en) * 1956-10-16 Finlayson Donald Heat-treatment of textile materials
US2425037A (en) * 1942-07-11 1947-08-05 British Celanese Fluid treating apparatus for yarns
US2468081A (en) * 1944-11-18 1949-04-26 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for treating filamentary material
US2509279A (en) * 1944-12-22 1950-05-30 American Viscose Corp Process and apparatus for treatment of filamentary materials
US2584043A (en) * 1945-06-20 1952-01-29 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for processing filamentary materials
US2952879A (en) * 1957-03-27 1960-09-20 Du Pont Process of preparing spontaneously extensible structures

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3338992A (en) * 1959-12-15 1967-08-29 Du Pont Process for forming non-woven filamentary structures from fiber-forming synthetic organic polymers
US3346682A (en) * 1962-03-16 1967-10-10 Du Pont Method for making a filtering medium from plexifilamentary material
US3443009A (en) * 1964-08-17 1969-05-06 American Cyanamid Co Process for relaxing filamentary material
US3492689A (en) * 1964-08-17 1970-02-03 American Cyanamid Co Apparatus for relaxing filamentary material
US3347959A (en) * 1964-10-08 1967-10-17 Little Inc A Method and apparatus for forming wire from molten material
US3441468A (en) * 1964-12-24 1969-04-29 Glanzstoff Ag Process for the production of non-woven webs
US3302237A (en) * 1965-01-15 1967-02-07 Du Pont Forwarding jet
US3384944A (en) * 1965-02-10 1968-05-28 Du Pont Apparatus for extruding and blending
US3436797A (en) * 1965-03-08 1969-04-08 Du Pont Method and apparatus for charging and combining continuous filaments of different polymeric composition to form a nonwoven web
US3506744A (en) * 1968-11-25 1970-04-14 Du Pont Process for forming nonwoven web
US3655305A (en) * 1970-01-26 1972-04-11 Du Pont Electrostatic repelling cylinders for filament flyback control
US4233014A (en) * 1979-09-19 1980-11-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus for preparing a nonwoven web
US5336071A (en) * 1990-03-14 1994-08-09 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Air gun for the production of non-woven fabric and non-woven fabric producing apparatus
US5191680A (en) * 1990-08-27 1993-03-09 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Filament threading in an air gun for producing nonwoven fabrics
US20160355976A1 (en) * 2015-06-04 2016-12-08 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method of Splitting Fiber Tows
US10099435B2 (en) * 2015-06-04 2018-10-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method of splitting fiber tows

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Publication number Publication date
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LU42295A1 (xx) 1962-10-31

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